高中英語語法-should 用法講與練之一
should 用法講與練之一
should 一詞在中學英語課本中出現頻率很高。它的用法靈活、含義豐富,因而一直是歷年高考關注的熱點?,F將其具體用法分述如下:
一 . should 作為助動詞 shall 的過去式,可以在間接引語中與第一人稱主語搭配,表示過去將來時間。例如:
The group leader announced that we should (= would ) begin to work soon.
小組長宣布:我們不久就開始工作。
A week ago, I told him that I should (= would) go to Beijing the next day.
一個星期以前,我告訴他我第二天就去北京。
二 . should 作為情態動詞,通常用來表示現在或將來的責任或義務,譯作應該、應當,這時它可以和 ought to, be supposed to 互換使用。例如:
You should (= are supposed to ) complete your test in time.
你們應該按時做完你們的實驗。
You should (= ought to ) tell your mother about it at once.
你應該立即把此事告訴你媽媽。
In sum, theory should be combined with practice.
總之,理論應該與實驗相結合。
三 . should 作為情態動詞,可以用在條件狀語從句中,表示語氣較強的假設,譯作萬一、竟然,這時也可將 should 置于從句之首,即將 should 放在主語前面,而省略從屬連詞 if .例如:
If you should fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. (= Should you fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. ) 萬一你來不了,就叫陳夫人代替你。
If anyone should come, say I am not at home. (= Should anyone come, say I am not at home. ) 萬一有人來訪,就說我不在家。
If it should rain tomorrow, I wouldn't go. (= Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn't go.)
萬一明天天下雨,我就不去了。
四 . should 作為情態動詞,可以表示謙遜、客氣、委婉之意,譯為可、倒。例如:
I should say that it would be better to try it again.
我倒是認為最好再試一試。
You are mistaken, I should say. 據我看,你搞錯了。
He should expect their basketball team to win the match.
他倒是希望他們的籃球隊贏得這場比賽的勝利。
Should you like some tea ? 你可喜歡喝茶?
五 . should 作為情態動詞,可以用來表示意外、驚喜或者在說話人看來是不可思議的。尤其在以 why, who, how 等開頭的修辭疑問句或某些感嘆句中常常譯為竟會、居然。例如:
How should I know it ? 我怎么會知道這件事?
Why should you be so late today ? 你今天怎么來得這么晚?
When I went out, whom should I meet but my old friend Xiao Li ! 當我出去時,想不到竟會碰見我的老朋友小李!
I don't see any reason why he shouldn't be happy.
我不明白為什么他居然不愉快。
六 . should 作為情態動詞,可以用來表示有較大可能實現的猜測、推論,通常譯為可能、總該吧,相當于 be expected to .例如:
They should be home by now, I think. 我想現在他們總該到家了吧。
The report was written after a careful investigation, so it should be reliable.
這份報告是經過周密調查后才寫成的,所以應該是可靠的。
七 . should 作為情態動詞,用在由 so that, for fear that, lest 引導的目的狀語從句和 in case (that) 引導的條件狀語從句中,有能夠、可能、會之意。例如:
They got up early so that they should (= could/ might) catch the first bus in time.
他們起得很早以便能及時趕上頭班公交車。
He is working hared for fear that he should fall behind others.
他努力工作,唯恐落在別人后面。
We went over the document again and again lest we should miss any of the main points.
我們把文件看了一遍又一遍,唯恐忽略了其中的什么要點。
He took an umbrella in case (that) it should rain.
他帶了一把雨傘,以防天下雨。
八 . should 作為情態動詞,可以用于下列虛擬語氣句中:
1. 用在表示與將來事實相反的條件狀語從句中,構成 If should (do sth), would/ could/ might (do sth.) 句式。例如:
If it should (或 were to ) rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. (= Should it rain tomorrow/ Were it to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.)
如果明天天下雨,運動會就會延期舉行。
2. 用在 suggest (propose), arrange, plan, decide,, advise, order, demand, request, desire, insist 等表示建議、要求、命令、決定、安排、計劃、主張的動詞后面接的賓語從句中。這里的 should 也可以省略。例如:
He suggested/ proposed/ demanded/ advised that they (should) read the rules carefully.
他建議 / 提議 / 要求 / 勸告他們要仔細閱讀這些規則。
The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for another week.
醫生囑咐她再臥床休息一個星期。
He insisted that we (should )take up the matter at the meeting.
他堅持要我們在會上提出這個問題。
3. 用在 It is desired/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed/ decided 之后由 that 引導的主語從句中, should 也可以省略。例如:
It is requested that Miss Yang (should) give a performance at the party.
人們要求楊小姐在聚會上表演一個節目。
It has been arranged (planned) that they (should) leave the following week.
已經安排(計劃)讓他們下星期動身。
It has been decided that the meeting (should) be postponed till next Saturday.
已經決定會議推遲到下周六舉行。
4. 用在 suggestion, motion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, request, decision, requiry 等名詞后面接的表語從句或同位語從句中, should 也可以省略。例如:
We all agreed to his suggestion (proposal) that we (should) go to Nanjing for a visit.
我們都同意他提出的要我們到南京去游覽的建議。( should 用于同位語從句中)
My idea/ motion/ advice/ is that we (should) do more eye exercises every day.
我的意見是我們每天應該多做眼保健操。( should
should 用法講與練之一
should 一詞在中學英語課本中出現頻率很高。它的用法靈活、含義豐富,因而一直是歷年高考關注的熱點?,F將其具體用法分述如下:
一 . should 作為助動詞 shall 的過去式,可以在間接引語中與第一人稱主語搭配,表示過去將來時間。例如:
The group leader announced that we should (= would ) begin to work soon.
小組長宣布:我們不久就開始工作。
A week ago, I told him that I should (= would) go to Beijing the next day.
一個星期以前,我告訴他我第二天就去北京。
二 . should 作為情態動詞,通常用來表示現在或將來的責任或義務,譯作應該、應當,這時它可以和 ought to, be supposed to 互換使用。例如:
You should (= are supposed to ) complete your test in time.
你們應該按時做完你們的實驗。
You should (= ought to ) tell your mother about it at once.
你應該立即把此事告訴你媽媽。
In sum, theory should be combined with practice.
總之,理論應該與實驗相結合。
三 . should 作為情態動詞,可以用在條件狀語從句中,表示語氣較強的假設,譯作萬一、竟然,這時也可將 should 置于從句之首,即將 should 放在主語前面,而省略從屬連詞 if .例如:
If you should fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. (= Should you fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. ) 萬一你來不了,就叫陳夫人代替你。
If anyone should come, say I am not at home. (= Should anyone come, say I am not at home. ) 萬一有人來訪,就說我不在家。
If it should rain tomorrow, I wouldn't go. (= Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn't go.)
萬一明天天下雨,我就不去了。
四 . should 作為情態動詞,可以表示謙遜、客氣、委婉之意,譯為可、倒。例如:
I should say that it would be better to try it again.
我倒是認為最好再試一試。
You are mistaken, I should say. 據我看,你搞錯了。
He should expect their basketball team to win the match.
他倒是希望他們的籃球隊贏得這場比賽的勝利。
Should you like some tea ? 你可喜歡喝茶?
五 . should 作為情態動詞,可以用來表示意外、驚喜或者在說話人看來是不可思議的。尤其在以 why, who, how 等開頭的修辭疑問句或某些感嘆句中常常譯為竟會、居然。例如:
How should I know it ? 我怎么會知道這件事?
Why should you be so late today ? 你今天怎么來得這么晚?
When I went out, whom should I meet but my old friend Xiao Li ! 當我出去時,想不到竟會碰見我的老朋友小李!
I don't see any reason why he shouldn't be happy.
我不明白為什么他居然不愉快。
六 . should 作為情態動詞,可以用來表示有較大可能實現的猜測、推論,通常譯為可能、總該吧,相當于 be expected to .例如:
They should be home by now, I think. 我想現在他們總該到家了吧。
The report was written after a careful investigation, so it should be reliable.
這份報告是經過周密調查后才寫成的,所以應該是可靠的。
七 . should 作為情態動詞,用在由 so that, for fear that, lest 引導的目的狀語從句和 in case (that) 引導的條件狀語從句中,有能夠、可能、會之意。例如:
They got up early so that they should (= could/ might) catch the first bus in time.
他們起得很早以便能及時趕上頭班公交車。
He is working hared for fear that he should fall behind others.
他努力工作,唯恐落在別人后面。
We went over the document again and again lest we should miss any of the main points.
我們把文件看了一遍又一遍,唯恐忽略了其中的什么要點。
He took an umbrella in case (that) it should rain.
他帶了一把雨傘,以防天下雨。
八 . should 作為情態動詞,可以用于下列虛擬語氣句中:
1. 用在表示與將來事實相反的條件狀語從句中,構成 If should (do sth), would/ could/ might (do sth.) 句式。例如:
If it should (或 were to ) rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. (= Should it rain tomorrow/ Were it to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.)
如果明天天下雨,運動會就會延期舉行。
2. 用在 suggest (propose), arrange, plan, decide,, advise, order, demand, request, desire, insist 等表示建議、要求、命令、決定、安排、計劃、主張的動詞后面接的賓語從句中。這里的 should 也可以省略。例如:
He suggested/ proposed/ demanded/ advised that they (should) read the rules carefully.
他建議 / 提議 / 要求 / 勸告他們要仔細閱讀這些規則。
The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for another week.
醫生囑咐她再臥床休息一個星期。
He insisted that we (should )take up the matter at the meeting.
他堅持要我們在會上提出這個問題。
3. 用在 It is desired/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed/ decided 之后由 that 引導的主語從句中, should 也可以省略。例如:
It is requested that Miss Yang (should) give a performance at the party.
人們要求楊小姐在聚會上表演一個節目。
It has been arranged (planned) that they (should) leave the following week.
已經安排(計劃)讓他們下星期動身。
It has been decided that the meeting (should) be postponed till next Saturday.
已經決定會議推遲到下周六舉行。
4. 用在 suggestion, motion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, request, decision, requiry 等名詞后面接的表語從句或同位語從句中, should 也可以省略。例如:
We all agreed to his suggestion (proposal) that we (should) go to Nanjing for a visit.
我們都同意他提出的要我們到南京去游覽的建議。( should 用于同位語從句中)
My idea/ motion/ advice/ is that we (should) do more eye exercises every day.
我的意見是我們每天應該多做眼保健操。( should