高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)：it句型總結(jié)
一、 It作形式主語(yǔ)的句型
為使句子平衡，往往把it置于句首作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)（通常是不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)從句）移至句末。It 作形式主語(yǔ)的句型有：
㈠ it 代指不定式短語(yǔ)的句型
1. It takes + (sb.) + sometime / some money + to do sth.
做某事花去某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間
It took me three days to prepare for the examination. 我花了三天準(zhǔn)備那次考試。
It takes a lot of money to buy a house like that. 買那樣一幢房子需要很多錢。
2. It takes + 名詞 + (for sb.) to do sth. 某人做某事需要
It took great imagination as well as patience for Annie to teach me to speak.
對(duì)安妮來(lái)說(shuō)，教我說(shuō)話需要極大的信心和想象力。
3. It is + 形容詞 + (for / of sb.) to do sth. 某人做某事是 的
常用于該句型的形容詞比較多。for sb. 的句型 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better等。of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的) 等。
It was kind of you to help us.謝謝你對(duì)我們的幫助。
It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to get a living.懶漢謀生是越來(lái)越困難了。
4. It is + 名詞 + to do sth. 做某事是 的
常用于該句型的名詞有：manners, duty, fun, good, a great honour等。
It is our duty to pay taxes to our government. 向政府交稅是我們的義務(wù)。
5. It is + ones turn + to do sth. 輪到某人做某事
It is his turn to take the children to school.今天該輪到他送孩子們上學(xué)了。
6. It is + up to sb. + to do sth. 做某事是某人的責(zé)任或義務(wù)
Its up to us to give them all the help we can.我們理應(yīng)竭盡所能地給予他們幫助。
?、?it 代指動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)的句型
7. It is + 名詞 + doing sth. 做某事是
用于該句型的名詞有：no good, no use, hard work, a nuisance, a waste of time, a great honour等。
Its no use/good (in) crying over spilt/spilled milk.事已至此，后悔也無(wú)用。（牛奶已潑，哭也沒(méi)用。）
It was a nuisance having to wait for such a long time.要等這樣久真煩人。
8. It is + 形容詞 + doing sth. 做某事真
用于該句型的形容詞有：pleasant, useless, senseless, worthwhile, dangerous等。
It was pleasant meeting you in London that day.那天在倫敦見到你真高興。
?、?it 代指名詞性從句的句型
9. It + be + 名詞 + that從句
用于該句型中的名詞有：a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a wonder, a good thing, good news, no wonder等。
慣用句型有：
It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí)
It is a surprise that 令人驚奇的是
It is a fact that 事實(shí)是
It is no wonder that 難怪
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.真遺憾，她犯了這樣一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。
It is no wonder that he has passed the examination.難怪他考試及格了。
It was a stupid thing that he didnt listen to his teacher.他不聽老師的話，真蠢。
10. It + be + 形容詞 + that從句 是
用于該句型中的形容詞有：clear, obvious, true, certain, important, strange, natural, surprising, fortunate, good, wonderful, funny, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, quite clear, unusual等。
慣用句型有：
It is necessary that 有必要
It is important that 重要的是
It is obvious that 很明顯
It is important that we (should) learn English well.我們學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是非常重要的。
It is necessary that the students (should) remember all the new words.學(xué)生記住所有的新單詞是必要的。
11. It + be + -ed 分詞 + that從句 據(jù) 是 的
常見的過(guò)去分詞有：said, reported, learned, announced, known, decided, expected, believed, considered, declared, felt, hoped, seen, supposed, thought, understood等。
慣用句型有：
It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō)
It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道
It is believed that 大家相信
It is hoped that 大家希望
It is well known that 眾所周知
It is thought that 大家認(rèn)為
It is suggested that 據(jù)建議
It has been decided that 大家決定
It must be remembered that務(wù)必記住的是
It is said that he has gone to the USA for further study.據(jù)說(shuō)他已去美國(guó)深造了。
It has been decided that we should design the machine ourselves.已經(jīng)決定我們自己來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)這部機(jī)器。
12. It + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 名詞 + 從句
It makes no difference to me whether its foggy or clear.對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，天氣有霧或晴朗沒(méi)什么關(guān)系。
It doesnt make any difference to me whether he goes or not.不管他是否去對(duì)我都沒(méi)有什么影響。
13. It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that分句
常見的不及物動(dòng)詞有：seem, happen, look, appear, come about, turn out, occur等。
慣用句型有：
It appears that 似乎
It (so) happens (that) （那么）碰巧
It occurred to me that 我突然想起
It seems that he is sick. (= He seems to be sick.)看來(lái)他似乎有病。
It happened that he wasnt there. (= He happened not to be there.)碰巧他不在哪兒。
14. It doesnt matter (to sb.) + 從句 （對(duì)） 都無(wú)所謂
It doesnt matter to me what he says.對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，他說(shuō)什么都無(wú)所謂。
注意：It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should 加動(dòng)詞原形， should 可省略。
其句型為：
(1)suggested
It is (2)important that+ (should) do
(3) a pity
(1) suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted + (should) do
(2) important, necessary, natural, strange + (should) do
(3) a pity, a shame, no wonder + (should) do
It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
二、 It 作形式賓語(yǔ)的句型
㈠ it 代指不定式短語(yǔ)的句型
15. 主語(yǔ) + find(make, feel) it + 形容詞 (+ for sb.) + to do sth.
I find it easy enough to get on with Tom.我覺得與湯姆相處很容易。
16. 主語(yǔ) + find(make, feel) it + 名詞 + to do sth.
He felt it his duty to mention the fact to Mr. Smith.他覺得把事實(shí)告訴史密斯先生是他的職責(zé)。
?、?it 代指動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)的句型
17. 主語(yǔ) + think + it + 名詞 + doing sth.
We thought it no use doing that.我們認(rèn)為做那件事是無(wú)用的。
18. 主語(yǔ) + think + it + 形容詞 + doing sth.
I dont think it worthwhile taking such trouble. 我想不值得這么費(fèi)事了。
?、?it 代指名詞性從句的句型
19. 主語(yǔ) + find(make, think) it + 名詞 + that從句
I consider it a great shame that I didnt pass the examination. 我認(rèn)為我考試不及格是件非常羞恥的事。
20. 主語(yǔ) + find(make, think) it + 形容詞 + that從句
I think it best that you should stay here.我認(rèn)為你最好呆在這里。
21. 主語(yǔ) + take it for granted + that從句
I took it for granted that you would stay with us.我以為你當(dāng)然會(huì)留在我們這里。
22. I hate(like, enjoy, love) + it + when從句 我不喜歡/喜歡 該句型中it用于hate, like, enjoy, love等動(dòng)詞后，充當(dāng)形式賓語(yǔ)。
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我很不喜歡人們吃著東西說(shuō)話。
三、 It 用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)句型
23. It is/was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that 是 的 此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分僅限于主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。
It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.
It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
What was it that made you so happy?使你這么高興的到底是什么？
Whom was it that Mr. Smith saw in the college yesterday?
24. It is/was not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that 直到 才
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
It is not until I have seen it with my own eyes that I will believe it.
25. It is/was not (被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分)+ that是 而不是
It is/was not but (被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分)+that不是而是
It was last week not yesterday that she met your brother in New York. 她是在上周而不是在昨天，在紐約看見你弟弟的。
It was not last week but yesterday that she met your brother in New York.
26. It is/was because + that 是因?yàn)? 才
It was because he was ill that he had to see a doctor.是因?yàn)椴×耍挪坏貌蝗タ瘁t(yī)生的。
27. It is/was not because but because + that 不是因?yàn)? 而是因?yàn)? 才
It is not because she is beautiful but because she has a talent for music that I recommend her.
我不是因?yàn)樗?，而是因?yàn)樗幸魳?lè)天才，才推薦她的。
28. It is/was + (被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分) + (that) + that 正是 的這個(gè) 才
It is the fact that we have spent all our money that we must face.
正是我們已花光我們所有錢財(cái)?shù)倪@一事實(shí)，才是我們必須面對(duì)的。
It was that he was chosen that made us very happy.正是他被選中這件事，才使我們非常高興的。
It is in the factory (that) we visited last week that his father works.他父親工作的地方，正是上周我們參觀的那家工廠。
四、 It 用于特殊結(jié)構(gòu)句型
㈠常用固定句型
29. It is + time + for sb. to do sth 到時(shí)間了; 該到了
It is + time(about time, high time) + (that) sb. did sth. 時(shí)間已遲了; 早該了
It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
It is (high) time that 后面的從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去式或用should加動(dòng)詞原形，但should不可省略。
It is time that the children went to bed. (= It is high time that the children should go to bed.)
30. It is + the first / second time（表次數(shù)）+ that從句 這是第一次 /第二次 該結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
31. It is + 一段時(shí)間 + since從句 It has been + 一段時(shí)間 + since從句 自從 以來(lái)已經(jīng)
該句型中 It is since可代替It has been since ，意思不變。
It is (= has been) five years since we last met.自從我們上次見面以來(lái)已經(jīng)有五年了。
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我成為研究生已有兩年了。
注意：since從句中用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)，通常表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的完成或結(jié)束。
It is five years since he lived here.他不住在這兒已五年了。
It is a long time since he smoked.他戒煙已有好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。
It is three years since he joined the army.他參軍三年了。
It is three years since he was in the army.他復(fù)員（離開軍隊(duì)）三年了。
32. It be + 一段時(shí)間+ before從句 好久 就 該結(jié)構(gòu)中be可以換用其他半系動(dòng)詞，也可以用將來(lái)時(shí)。
It was some time before he could speak.過(guò)了好一會(huì)以后他才說(shuō)出話來(lái)。
It was not long before I realized my mistake.不久我就意識(shí)到了我的錯(cuò)誤。
It may be many years before we meet again.我們可能要好多年以后才能見面。
It will be a long time before we finish this dictionary.我們要用很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能完成這本詞典。
?、婀潭?xí)語(yǔ)句型
此類句型頗多，現(xiàn)就高中出現(xiàn)的列舉一二：
33. It / That (all) depends. 要看情況而定
--- Can you come to the party tonight? --- It all depends when I finish my paper.
34. Its /Thats too bad + (that)從句. 太不幸了；太可惜了；真糟糕
It is too bad Jack doesnt know German better.真可惜杰克的德語(yǔ)沒(méi)有學(xué)得更好一些。
35. When / If it comes / came to the point, . 到了緊要關(guān)頭；到采取行動(dòng)或作出決定的時(shí)候
When it came to the point, he refused to help. 到了緊要關(guān)頭時(shí)，他卻拒絕援助?！ ? 一、 It作形式主語(yǔ)的句型
為使句子平衡，往往把it置于句首作形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)（通常是不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)從句）移至句末。It 作形式主語(yǔ)的句型有：
?、?it 代指不定式短語(yǔ)的句型
1. It takes + (sb.) + sometime / some money + to do sth.
做某事花去某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間
It took me three days to prepare for the examination. 我花了三天準(zhǔn)備那次考試。
It takes a lot of money to buy a house like that. 買那樣一幢房子需要很多錢。
2. It takes + 名詞 + (for sb.) to do sth. 某人做某事需要
It took great imagination as well as patience for Annie to teach me to speak.
對(duì)安妮來(lái)說(shuō)，教我說(shuō)話需要極大的信心和想象力。
3. It is + 形容詞 + (for / of sb.) to do sth. 某人做某事是 的
常用于該句型的形容詞比較多。for sb. 的句型 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better等。of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的) 等。
It was kind of you to help us.謝謝你對(duì)我們的幫助。
It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to get a living.懶漢謀生是越來(lái)越困難了。
4. It is + 名詞 + to do sth. 做某事是 的
