2010年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精講一：名詞
1、在句子里使用名詞應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題
名詞的數(shù)：?jiǎn)螖?shù)、復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)；
名詞的格：通格和屬格 （s ）
名詞的限定：特指、泛指、數(shù)量和習(xí)慣用法，即名詞前加冠詞或
其它限定詞， 例如： some, many , this, my 等
2、名詞的數(shù)和單位詞
1）復(fù)型名詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞
The trousers are too big for me. Please show me the smaller pair.
備用詞： shoes, stockings, glasses, socks
NOTICE: A pair of glasses costs quite a lot.
2）復(fù)型名詞 + 單數(shù)動(dòng)詞
A. The news on TV is seldom satisfying.
備用詞：mathematics, physics, politics, means, works, the United States
B. Twenty miles is a long way to walk.
備用詞： five pounds, two feet, six weeks
3） 集合名詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞
The police have surrounded the building.
Cattle are selling for record price (創(chuàng)記錄）.
備用詞： the enemy, (the) people
NOTICE: 表示由若干人組成的集合體的單數(shù)詞?？勺鲝?fù)數(shù)用，
但若把這個(gè)集合體看作整體就用作單數(shù):
My family are wonderful. They do all they can for me.
The family which now consists of four members at most is smaller than it used to be.
4)不可數(shù)名詞作可數(shù)的情況
A. 部分不可數(shù)名詞可以有下列情況
a (an) + adj. + n.
It looks like rain. a thirsty for knowledge(求知欲）
a heavy rain He has a good knowledge of politics.
備用詞： snow, breakfast, wine, oil, education
B.口語(yǔ)特例（特定場(chǎng)合）
A (One) beer, please.
Two teas and four coffees, please.
5)既是可數(shù)又是不可數(shù)的名詞
I broke a glass this morning. (杯子）
Glass is made from sand. （玻璃）
備用詞： paper / a paper, light(光) / a light(燈);
ice(冰) / an ice (冰激凌), chicken(雞肉) / a chicken (雛雞)
6) 單位詞
A.個(gè)數(shù)
a piece of information (furniture, advice)
B. 以形狀表示個(gè)數(shù)
a grain of rice, a flight of stairs
C. 容量
a box of matches, a cup of tea
D. 計(jì)量
a metre of cloth, a ton of coal
E.其它
a (new) set of tools (wires, teeth, rules)
3、名詞的格：
1） s 的用法
A . 與時(shí)間有關(guān)的名詞
a nights sleep ten minutes walk
NOTICE: a two-hour walk = two hourswalk
B. 和else 連用
book can this be?
A. Who elses
B. Whose else
C. Whos else
D. Whose elses
(A)
C. s 修飾的詞，如果前面提到，可省略
This is Jacks book, not Toms.
This book is Jacks not Toms.
D. 表示店、鋪、家、診所等， s 后面的名詞省略
at the Greens (house), at the doctors (office)
2) OF 結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有關(guān)系
A. 無(wú)生命的名詞用of
the price of the success
B. 有生命的名詞被一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或從句修飾而表示所有關(guān)系時(shí)用of
Cant you look at the book of the boy behind you?
3)雙重所有格
s 與of結(jié)構(gòu)并用，此時(shí)of結(jié)構(gòu)所修飾的名詞前通常有a, an, two, some, that等
Miss Smith is a friend of Marys mothers.
that brother of the girl
4)名詞 + 名詞 （名詞用作形容詞）
A. 單數(shù)名詞＋名詞 a shoe (flower) shop ticket office
NOTICE: the tailors (shop)
B. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞?。∶~
sports meet clothes shop women pilots
1、在句子里使用名詞應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題
名詞的數(shù)：?jiǎn)螖?shù)、復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)；
名詞的格：通格和屬格 （s ）
名詞的限定：特指、泛指、數(shù)量和習(xí)慣用法，即名詞前加冠詞或
其它限定詞， 例如： some, many , this, my 等
2、名詞的數(shù)和單位詞
1）復(fù)型名詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞
The trousers are too big for me. Please show me the smaller pair.
備用詞： shoes, stockings, glasses, socks
NOTICE: A pair of glasses costs quite a lot.
2）復(fù)型名詞 + 單數(shù)動(dòng)詞
A. The news on TV is seldom satisfying.
備用詞：mathematics, physics, politics, means, works, the United States
B. Twenty miles is a long way to walk.
備用詞： five pounds, two feet, six weeks
3） 集合名詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞
The police have surrounded the building.
Cattle are selling for record price (創(chuàng)記錄）.
備用詞： the enemy, (the) people
NOTICE: 表示由若干人組成的集合體的單數(shù)詞常可作復(fù)數(shù)用，
但若把這個(gè)集合體看作整體就用作單數(shù):
My family are wonderful. They do all they can for me.
The family which now consists of four members at most is smaller than it used to be.
4)不可數(shù)名詞作可數(shù)的情況
A. 部分不可數(shù)名詞可以有下列情況
a (an) + adj. + n.
It looks like rain. a thirsty for knowledge(求知欲）
a heavy rain He has a good knowledge of politics.
備用詞： snow, breakfast, wine, oil, education
B.口語(yǔ)特例（特定場(chǎng)合）
A (One) beer, please.
Two teas and four coffees, please.
5)既是可數(shù)又是不可數(shù)的名詞
I broke a glass this morning. (杯子）
Glass is made from sand. （玻璃）
備用詞： paper / a paper, light(光) / a light(燈);
ice(冰) / an ice (冰激凌), chicken(雞肉) / a chicken (雛雞)
6) 單位詞
A.個(gè)數(shù)
a piece of information (furniture, advice)
B. 以形狀表示個(gè)數(shù)
a grain of rice, a flight of stairs
C. 容量
a box of matches, a cup of tea
D. 計(jì)量
a metre of cloth, a ton of coal
E.其它
a (new) set of tools (wires, teeth, rules)
3、名詞的格：
1） s 的用法
A . 與時(shí)間有關(guān)的名詞
a nights sleep ten minutes walk
NOTICE: a two-hour walk = two hourswalk
B. 和else 連用
book can this be?
A. Who elses
B. Whose else
C. Whos else
D. Whose elses
(A)
C. s 修飾的詞，如果前面提到，可省略
This is Jacks book, not Toms.
This book is Jacks not Toms.
D. 表示店、鋪、家、診所等， s 后面的名詞省略
at the Greens (house), at the doctors (office)
2) OF 結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有關(guān)系
A. 無(wú)生命的名詞用of
the price of the success
B. 有生命的名詞被一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或從句修飾而表示所有關(guān)系時(shí)用of
Cant you look at the book of the boy behind you?
3)雙重所有格
s 與of結(jié)構(gòu)并用，此時(shí)of結(jié)構(gòu)所修飾的名詞前通常有a, an, two, some, that等
Miss Smith is a friend of Marys mothers.
that brother of the girl
4)名詞 + 名詞 （名詞用作形容詞）
A. 單數(shù)名詞＋名詞 a shoe (flower) shop ticket office
NOTICE: the tailors (shop)
B. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ＋ 名詞
sports meet clothes shop women pilots
