2011屆高考英語語法總復習 情態動詞與主謂一致
情態動詞
一、一般疑問句中幾個情態動詞的問與答
1. Need I/he/?
Yes, you/he/must. (不用need)
2. Must I/ he/?
No, you/ he/neednt/dont (doesnt, wont) have to. (不用mustnt)
3. May I/ he/?
No, you/ he/mustnt. (少用may not)
4. Could (Can) you?
Yes, I can (不用could)
5. Shall I/she/ he?
No, you(she, he)neednt/cant/mustnt
二、情態動詞表推測
1.can,may,must使用的句式：
1)肯定陳述句中：must表肯定、必定、一定意，may/might表也許，或許意。
2)否定陳述句中：cant/couldnt表不可能意，may not/might not表也許不、可能不意。
3)疑問句中：只能用can或could,不能用must, may或might。
注意：表推測的could, might并不是指過去時間，而是表示比can, may把握性略小些的情況。
2.對目前狀態的推測：
1)must/may/might/can/could+be+表語
例如：She must be a teacher.她肯定是老師。She cant/couldnt be a doctor.她肯定不是醫生。 He may not/might not be a doctor.他可能不是醫生。
2)must/may/might/can/could+一些不能用于進行時的靜態動詞(如:have, exist, live, like, hate, own, belong to等)
例如：She must have her own car, for she has a lot of money.
That kind of bird may live in the valleys.
3.對目前正在發生的事情進行推測：
句式：must/may/might/can/could+be doing
例如：They must be waiting for us.他們肯定正在等我們。
She may/might be doing her homework.她可能正在做作業。
Can/Could he be playing football? 他會正在踢足球嗎?
4.對已發生的事情進行推測：
句式：must/may/might/can/could+have done
例如：Theres no light in the room. They must have gone to bed./She knows nothing about the film. She cant/couldnt have seen it./Can/Could he have been a doctor?/He may/might(not)have been a teacher./They must have been watching TV at nine last night./Can/Could she have stayed in Beijing last year?
注意：will have done句式也可表肯定/可能已經推測意。
例如：He will have learned advanced mathematics, for he knows a lot about it. 他肯定/可能學過高等數學，因為他對此懂得很多。
三、情態動詞+have done用法
1.should/ought to +have done,意本應該，含有責備或后悔意。
例如：You should have come here a little earlier./I ought to have sent him to school./
2.shouldnt/oughtnt to+have done,意本不應該，含有責備或后悔意。
例如：You shouldnt have watered the flower./I oughtnt to have scolded her for such a small thing.
3.might have done,意過去可能做could have done意本能夠做，兩者都含有委婉批評或遺憾之意，也可表對過去情況的推測。
例如：He might have gone to Nanjing with Professor Wang. last week, but he was ill.上星期他本可以和王教授一起去南京的，可他病了。
We could have finished the work ahead of time.我們本來是能夠提前完成工作的。四、情態動詞在反意疑問句中的用法
1.肯定祈使句+附加問句結構，附加問句常用will/would/wont you形式。
例如：Stand still, will/would/wont you?
2.否定祈使句+附加問句結構，附加問句常用will/would you形式。
例如：Dont watch TV, will/would you?
3. Lets, shall we? ; Let us, will/wont you?
4.含有must句子的反意問句
1)must表示必須時，附加部分常用neednt,也可用mustnt.例如：He must go with you, neednt/mustnt he?
2)mustnt表一定不能時，附加部分用may.例如：She mustnt leave, may she?
3)must表一定、想必推測意時，附加部分主要有下列幾種形式：
A. He must be an engineer, isnt he? They must be writing now, arent they? (這類句子問句前部分含must be或must be doing。)
B. She must have a car/live there, doesnt she?
C. He must have seen the film, hasnt he? (這類句子問句前部分的謂語為must have done,句子無具體過去時間狀語。)
D. He must have seen the film last week, didnt he?(這類句子問句前面部分的謂語為must have done,句子有具體過去時間狀語。)
E. Mother must have been shopping then, wasnt she? (前面部分謂語為must have been doing。)
5.含有may表推測的句子，其反意問句形式與must表推測的反意問句形式相似。
例如：She may have finished her homework, hasnt she?
情態動詞
一、一般疑問句中幾個情態動詞的問與答
1. Need I/he/?
Yes, you/he/must. (不用need)
2. Must I/ he/?
No, you/ he/neednt/dont (doesnt, wont) have to. (不用mustnt)
3. May I/ he/?
No, you/ he/mustnt. (少用may not)
4. Could (Can) you?
Yes, I can (不用could)
5. Shall I/she/ he?
No, you(she, he)neednt/cant/mustnt
二、情態動詞表推測
1.can,may,must使用的句式：
1)肯定陳述句中：must表肯定、必定、一定意，may/might表也許，或許意。
2)否定陳述句中：cant/couldnt表不可能意，may not/might not表也許不、可能不意。
3)疑問句中：只能用can或could,不能用must, may或might。
注意：表推測的could, might并不是指過去時間，而是表示比can, may把握性略小些的情況。
2.對目前狀態的推測：
1)must/may/might/can/could+be+表語
例如：She must be a teacher.她肯定是老師。She cant/couldnt be a doctor.她肯定不是醫生。 He may not/might not be a doctor.他可能不是醫生。
2)must/may/might/can/could+一些不能用于進行時的靜態動詞(如:have, exist, live, like, hate, own, belong to等)
例如：She must have her own car, for she has a lot of money.
That kind of bird may live in the valleys.
3.對目前正在發生的事情進行推測：
句式：must/may/might/can/could+be doing
例如：They must be waiting for us.他們肯定正在等我們。
She may/might be doing her homework.她可能正在做作業。
Can/Could he be playing football? 他會正在踢足球嗎?
4.對已發生的事情進行推測：
句式：must/may/might/can/could+have done
例如：Theres no light in the room. They must have gone to bed./She knows nothing about the film. She cant/couldnt have seen it./Can/Could he have been a doctor?/He may/might(not)have been a teacher./They must have been watching TV at nine last night./Can/Could she have stayed in Beijing last year?
注意：will have done句式也可表肯定/可能已經推測意。
例如：He will have learned advanced mathematics, for he knows a lot about it. 他肯定/可能學過高等數學，因為他對此懂得很多。
三、情態動詞+have done用法
1.should/ought to +have done,意本應該，含有責備或后悔意。
例如：You should have come here a little earlier./I ought to have sent him to school./
2.shouldnt/oughtnt to+have done,意本不應該，含有責備或后悔意。
例如：You shouldnt have watered the flower./I oughtnt to have scolded her for such a small thing.
3.might have done,意過去可能做could have done意本能夠做，兩者都含有委婉批評或遺憾之意，也可表對過去情況的推測。
例如：He might have gone to Nanjing with Professor Wang. last week, but he was ill.上星期他本可以和王教授一起去南京的，可他病了。
We could have finished the work ahead of time.我們本來是能夠提前完成工作的。四、情態動詞在反意疑問句中的用法
1.肯定祈使句+附加問句結構，附加問句常用will/would/wont you形式。
例如：Stand still, will/would/wont you?
2.否定祈使句+附加問句結構，附加問句常用will/would you形式。
例如：Dont watch TV, will/would you?
3. Lets, shall we? ; Let us, will/wont you?
4.含有must句子的反意問句
1)must表示必須時，附加部分常用neednt,也可用mustnt.例如：He must go with you, neednt/mustnt he?
2)mustnt表一定不能時，附加部分用may.例如：She mustnt leave, may she?
3)must表一定、想必推測意時，附加部分主要有下列幾種形式：
A. He must be an engineer, isnt he? They must be writing now, arent they? (這類句子問句前部分含must be或must be doing。)
B. She must have a car/live there, doesnt she?
C. He must have seen the film, hasnt he? (這類句子問句前部分的謂語為must have done,句子無具體過去時間狀語。)
D. He must have seen the film last week, didnt he?(這類句子問句前面部分的謂語為must have done,句子有具體過去時間狀語。)
E. Mother must have been shopping then, wasnt she? (前面部分謂語為must have been doing。)
5.含有may表推測的句子，其反意問句形式與must表推測的反意問句形式相似。
例如：She may have finished her homework, hasnt she?
