牛津實用英語語法:317 間接引語中的問句
直接問句:
He said,Where is she going?
他說:她要上哪兒去?
間接問句:
He asked where she was going.
他問她要上哪兒去。
A 把直接問句變為間接問句時,需作下列改變:
時態、代詞、所有格形容詞、時間副詞和地點副詞的變化與陳述句中的變化相同。
動詞的疑問式變成陳述式;在間接問句中不加問號(?):
He said,Where does she live?
他說:她住在什么地方?相當于:
He asked where she lived.
他問她住在什么地方。
如直接問句針對主語提問,則此種變化顯然是沒有必要的(參見第55節):
Who lives next door?he said.
他說:誰住在隔壁?相當于:
He asked who lived next door.
他問誰住在隔壁。
What happened?she said.
她說:發生了什么事?相當于:
She asked what had happened.
她問發生了什么事。
B 如果引導動詞是say,則必須換為表示詢問的動詞,如ask,in- quire,wonder,want to know等:
He saidWhere is the station?
他說:車站在哪里?相當于:
He asked where the station was.
他問車站在什么地方。
ask,inquire,wonder也可用在直接引語中,但這時通常位于句尾:
Where is the station?he inquired.
車站在什么地方?他問道。
C ask之后可以接說話的對方(間接賓語):
He asked,What have you got in your bag?
他說:你的包里裝的是什么?相當于:
He asked(me) what I had got in my bag.
他問(我)我的包里裝的是什么。
但在inquire,wonder,want to know之后不能有間接賓語。因此,如想要轉述提及說話對方的問句時就必須用ask:
He said,Mary,when is the next train?
他說:瑪麗,下一班火車是幾點的?
He asked Mary when the next train was.
他問瑪麗下一班火車是幾點的。
如果我們用inquire,wonder或want to know,就必須省去間接賓語Mary。
D 如果直接問句是由(when,where,who,how,why等)疑問詞開頭的,則必須在間接引語中重復這些疑問詞:
He said,Why didnt you put on the brake?
他說:你怎么沒剎車呢?相當于:
He asked(her)why she hadnt put on the brake.
他問(她)怎么沒剎車。
She said,What do you want?
她說:你們想要什么?相當于:
She asked(them)what they wanted.
她問他們想要什么。
E 如果沒有疑問詞,則必須用if或whether:
Is anyone there?he asked.
他問道:那兒有人嗎?相當于:
He asked if/whether anyone was there.
他問那兒是否有人。
1 通常這兩個詞都可以用,但if要比whether更普遍些:
Do you know Bill?he said.
他說:你認識比爾嗎?相當于:
He asked if/whether I knew Bill.
他問我是否認識比爾。
Did you see the accident?the policeman asked.
警察問:你看到那起事故了嗎?相當于:
The policeman asked if/whether I had seen the accident.
警察問我是否看到那起事故了。
2 whether可用于強調對某事必須做出選擇:
Do you want to go by air or sea?the travel agent asked.
旅游商問:你想乘飛機走,還是想乘船走?相當于:
The travel agent asked whether I wanted to go by air or by sea.
旅游商問我是想乘飛機走,還是想乘船走。
請注意whether or not的用法:
Do you want to insure your luggage or not?he asked.
他問:你的行李要保險嗎?相當于:
He asked whether or not I wanted to insure my luggage./He asked if I wanted to insure my luggage or not.
他問我是否要給行李保險。
3 whether+不定式結構可位于wonder,want to know之后:
Shall/Should I wait for them or go on?he wondered.
他問自己:我是等等他們呢還是繼續往前走呢?相當于:
He wondered whether to wait for them or go on./He wondered whether
he should wait for them or go on.
他問自己是要等等他們還是繼續往前走。
inquire+whether+不定式結構是可以的,但不常見。
4 如果問句含有條件從句時,用whether就比較清楚,否則就會出現兩個if:
If you get the job will you move to York?Bill asked.
比爾問:如果你得到那份工作,你會遷到約克去嗎?相當于:
Bill asked whether,if I got the job,Id move to York.
比爾問如果我得到那份工作我是否會遷到約克去。
直接問句:
He said,Where is she going?
他說:她要上哪兒去?
間接問句:
He asked where she was going.
他問她要上哪兒去。
A 把直接問句變為間接問句時,需作下列改變:
時態、代詞、所有格形容詞、時間副詞和地點副詞的變化與陳述句中的變化相同。
動詞的疑問式變成陳述式;在間接問句中不加問號(?):
He said,Where does she live?
他說:她住在什么地方?相當于:
He asked where she lived.
他問她住在什么地方。
如直接問句針對主語提問,則此種變化顯然是沒有必要的(參見第55節):
Who lives next door?he said.
他說:誰住在隔壁?相當于:
He asked who lived next door.
他問誰住在隔壁。
What happened?she said.
她說:發生了什么事?相當于:
She asked what had happened.
她問發生了什么事。
B 如果引導動詞是say,則必須換為表示詢問的動詞,如ask,in- quire,wonder,want to know等:
He saidWhere is the station?
他說:車站在哪里?相當于:
He asked where the station was.
他問車站在什么地方。
ask,inquire,wonder也可用在直接引語中,但這時通常位于句尾:
Where is the station?he inquired.
車站在什么地方?他問道。
C ask之后可以接說話的對方(間接賓語):
He asked,What have you got in your bag?
他說:你的包里裝的是什么?相當于:
He asked(me) what I had got in my bag.
他問(我)我的包里裝的是什么。
但在inquire,wonder,want to know之后不能有間接賓語。因此,如想要轉述提及說話對方的問句時就必須用ask:
He said,Mary,when is the next train?
他說:瑪麗,下一班火車是幾點的?
He asked Mary when the next train was.
他問瑪麗下一班火車是幾點的。
如果我們用inquire,wonder或want to know,就必須省去間接賓語Mary。
D 如果直接問句是由(when,where,who,how,why等)疑問詞開頭的,則必須在間接引語中重復這些疑問詞:
He said,Why didnt you put on the brake?
他說:你怎么沒剎車呢?相當于:
He asked(her)why she hadnt put on the brake.
他問(她)怎么沒剎車。
She said,What do you want?
她說:你們想要什么?相當于:
She asked(them)what they wanted.
她問他們想要什么。
E 如果沒有疑問詞,則必須用if或whether:
Is anyone there?he asked.
他問道:那兒有人嗎?相當于:
He asked if/whether anyone was there.
他問那兒是否有人。
1 通常這兩個詞都可以用,但if要比whether更普遍些:
Do you know Bill?he said.
他說:你認識比爾嗎?相當于:
He asked if/whether I knew Bill.
他問我是否認識比爾。
Did you see the accident?the policeman asked.
警察問:你看到那起事故了嗎?相當于:
The policeman asked if/whether I had seen the accident.
警察問我是否看到那起事故了。
2 whether可用于強調對某事必須做出選擇:
Do you want to go by air or sea?the travel agent asked.
旅游商問:你想乘飛機走,還是想乘船走?相當于:
The travel agent asked whether I wanted to go by air or by sea.
旅游商問我是想乘飛機走,還是想乘船走。
請注意whether or not的用法:
Do you want to insure your luggage or not?he asked.
他問:你的行李要保險嗎?相當于:
He asked whether or not I wanted to insure my luggage./He asked if I wanted to insure my luggage or not.
他問我是否要給行李保險。
3 whether+不定式結構可位于wonder,want to know之后:
Shall/Should I wait for them or go on?he wondered.
他問自己:我是等等他們呢還是繼續往前走呢?相當于:
He wondered whether to wait for them or go on./He wondered whether
he should wait for them or go on.
他問自己是要等等他們還是繼續往前走。
inquire+whether+不定式結構是可以的,但不常見。
4 如果問句含有條件從句時,用whether就比較清楚,否則就會出現兩個if:
If you get the job will you move to York?Bill asked.
比爾問:如果你得到那份工作,你會遷到約克去嗎?相當于:
Bill asked whether,if I got the job,Id move to York.
比爾問如果我得到那份工作我是否會遷到約克去。