牛津?qū)嵱糜⒄Z(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:317 間接引語(yǔ)中的問(wèn)句
直接問(wèn)句：
He said，Where is she going?
他說(shuō)：她要上哪兒去?
間接問(wèn)句：
He asked where she was going.
他問(wèn)她要上哪兒去。
A 把直接問(wèn)句變?yōu)殚g接問(wèn)句時(shí)，需作下列改變：
時(shí)態(tài)、代詞、所有格形容詞、時(shí)間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞的變化與陳述句中的變化相同。
動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)式變成陳述式;在間接問(wèn)句中不加問(wèn)號(hào)(?)：
He said，Where does she live?
他說(shuō)：她住在什么地方?相當(dāng)于：
He asked where she lived.
他問(wèn)她住在什么地方。
如直接問(wèn)句針對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)，則此種變化顯然是沒(méi)有必要的(參見(jiàn)第55節(jié))：
Who lives next door?he said.
他說(shuō)：誰(shuí)住在隔壁?相當(dāng)于：
He asked who lived next door.
他問(wèn)誰(shuí)住在隔壁。
What happened?she said.
她說(shuō)：發(fā)生了什么事?相當(dāng)于：
She asked what had happened.
她問(wèn)發(fā)生了什么事。
B 如果引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞是say，則必須換為表示詢問(wèn)的動(dòng)詞，如ask，in- quire，wonder，want to know等：
He saidWhere is the station?
他說(shuō)：車(chē)站在哪里?相當(dāng)于：
He asked where the station was.
他問(wèn)車(chē)站在什么地方。
ask，inquire，wonder也可用在直接引語(yǔ)中，但這時(shí)通常位于句尾：
Where is the station?he inquired.
車(chē)站在什么地方?他問(wèn)道。
C ask之后可以接說(shuō)話的對(duì)方(間接賓語(yǔ))：
He asked，What have you got in your bag?
他說(shuō)：你的包里裝的是什么?相當(dāng)于：
He asked(me) what I had got in my bag.
他問(wèn)(我)我的包里裝的是什么。
但在inquire，wonder，want to know之后不能有間接賓語(yǔ)。因此，如想要轉(zhuǎn)述提及說(shuō)話對(duì)方的問(wèn)句時(shí)就必須用ask：
He said，Mary，when is the next train?
他說(shuō)：瑪麗，下一班火車(chē)是幾點(diǎn)的?
He asked Mary when the next train was.
他問(wèn)瑪麗下一班火車(chē)是幾點(diǎn)的。
如果我們用inquire，wonder或want to know，就必須省去間接賓語(yǔ)Mary。
D 如果直接問(wèn)句是由(when，where，who，how，why等)疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭的，則必須在間接引語(yǔ)中重復(fù)這些疑問(wèn)詞：
He said，Why didnt you put on the brake?
他說(shuō)：你怎么沒(méi)剎車(chē)呢?相當(dāng)于：
He asked(her)why she hadnt put on the brake.
他問(wèn)(她)怎么沒(méi)剎車(chē)。
She said，What do you want?
她說(shuō)：你們想要什么?相當(dāng)于：
She asked(them)what they wanted.
她問(wèn)他們想要什么。
E 如果沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)詞，則必須用if或whether：
Is anyone there?he asked.
他問(wèn)道：那兒有人嗎?相當(dāng)于：
He asked if/whether anyone was there.
他問(wèn)那兒是否有人。
1 通常這兩個(gè)詞都可以用，但if要比whether更普遍些：
Do you know Bill?he said.
他說(shuō)：你認(rèn)識(shí)比爾嗎?相當(dāng)于：
He asked if/whether I knew Bill.
他問(wèn)我是否認(rèn)識(shí)比爾。
Did you see the accident?the policeman asked.
警察問(wèn)：你看到那起事故了嗎?相當(dāng)于：
The policeman asked if/whether I had seen the accident.
警察問(wèn)我是否看到那起事故了。
2 whether可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)某事必須做出選擇：
Do you want to go by air or sea?the travel agent asked.
旅游商問(wèn)：你想乘飛機(jī)走，還是想乘船走?相當(dāng)于：
The travel agent asked whether I wanted to go by air or by sea.
旅游商問(wèn)我是想乘飛機(jī)走，還是想乘船走。
請(qǐng)注意whether or not的用法：
Do you want to insure your luggage or not?he asked.
他問(wèn)：你的行李要保險(xiǎn)嗎?相當(dāng)于：
He asked whether or not I wanted to insure my luggage./He asked if I wanted to insure my luggage or not.
他問(wèn)我是否要給行李保險(xiǎn)。
3 whether+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可位于wonder，want to know之后：
Shall/Should I wait for them or go on?he wondered.
他問(wèn)自己：我是等等他們呢還是繼續(xù)往前走呢?相當(dāng)于：
He wondered whether to wait for them or go on./He wondered whether
he should wait for them or go on.
他問(wèn)自己是要等等他們還是繼續(xù)往前走。
inquire+whether+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)是可以的，但不常見(jiàn)。
4 如果問(wèn)句含有條件從句時(shí)，用whether就比較清楚，否則就會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)if：
If you get the job will you move to York?Bill asked.
比爾問(wèn)：如果你得到那份工作，你會(huì)遷到約克去嗎?相當(dāng)于：
Bill asked whether，if I got the job，Id move to York.
比爾問(wèn)如果我得到那份工作我是否會(huì)遷到約克去。
直接問(wèn)句：
He said，Where is she going?
他說(shuō)：她要上哪兒去?
間接問(wèn)句：
He asked where she was going.
他問(wèn)她要上哪兒去。
A 把直接問(wèn)句變?yōu)殚g接問(wèn)句時(shí)，需作下列改變：
時(shí)態(tài)、代詞、所有格形容詞、時(shí)間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞的變化與陳述句中的變化相同。
動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)式變成陳述式;在間接問(wèn)句中不加問(wèn)號(hào)(?)：
He said，Where does she live?
他說(shuō)：她住在什么地方?相當(dāng)于：
He asked where she lived.
他問(wèn)她住在什么地方。
如直接問(wèn)句針對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)，則此種變化顯然是沒(méi)有必要的(參見(jiàn)第55節(jié))：
Who lives next door?he said.
他說(shuō)：誰(shuí)住在隔壁?相當(dāng)于：
He asked who lived next door.
他問(wèn)誰(shuí)住在隔壁。
What happened?she said.
她說(shuō)：發(fā)生了什么事?相當(dāng)于：
She asked what had happened.
她問(wèn)發(fā)生了什么事。
B 如果引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞是say，則必須換為表示詢問(wèn)的動(dòng)詞，如ask，in- quire，wonder，want to know等：
He saidWhere is the station?
他說(shuō)：車(chē)站在哪里?相當(dāng)于：
He asked where the station was.
他問(wèn)車(chē)站在什么地方。
ask，inquire，wonder也可用在直接引語(yǔ)中，但這時(shí)通常位于句尾：
Where is the station?he inquired.
車(chē)站在什么地方?他問(wèn)道。
C ask之后可以接說(shuō)話的對(duì)方(間接賓語(yǔ))：
He asked，What have you got in your bag?
他說(shuō)：你的包里裝的是什么?相當(dāng)于：
He asked(me) what I had got in my bag.
他問(wèn)(我)我的包里裝的是什么。
但在inquire，wonder，want to know之后不能有間接賓語(yǔ)。因此，如想要轉(zhuǎn)述提及說(shuō)話對(duì)方的問(wèn)句時(shí)就必須用ask：
He said，Mary，when is the next train?
他說(shuō)：瑪麗，下一班火車(chē)是幾點(diǎn)的?
He asked Mary when the next train was.
他問(wèn)瑪麗下一班火車(chē)是幾點(diǎn)的。
如果我們用inquire，wonder或want to know，就必須省去間接賓語(yǔ)Mary。
D 如果直接問(wèn)句是由(when，where，who，how，why等)疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭的，則必須在間接引語(yǔ)中重復(fù)這些疑問(wèn)詞：
He said，Why didnt you put on the brake?
他說(shuō)：你怎么沒(méi)剎車(chē)呢?相當(dāng)于：
He asked(her)why she hadnt put on the brake.
他問(wèn)(她)怎么沒(méi)剎車(chē)。
She said，What do you want?
她說(shuō)：你們想要什么?相當(dāng)于：
She asked(them)what they wanted.
她問(wèn)他們想要什么。
E 如果沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)詞，則必須用if或whether：
Is anyone there?he asked.
他問(wèn)道：那兒有人嗎?相當(dāng)于：
He asked if/whether anyone was there.
他問(wèn)那兒是否有人。
1 通常這兩個(gè)詞都可以用，但if要比whether更普遍些：
Do you know Bill?he said.
他說(shuō)：你認(rèn)識(shí)比爾嗎?相當(dāng)于：
He asked if/whether I knew Bill.
他問(wèn)我是否認(rèn)識(shí)比爾。
Did you see the accident?the policeman asked.
警察問(wèn)：你看到那起事故了嗎?相當(dāng)于：
The policeman asked if/whether I had seen the accident.
警察問(wèn)我是否看到那起事故了。
2 whether可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)某事必須做出選擇：
Do you want to go by air or sea?the travel agent asked.
旅游商問(wèn)：你想乘飛機(jī)走，還是想乘船走?相當(dāng)于：
The travel agent asked whether I wanted to go by air or by sea.
旅游商問(wèn)我是想乘飛機(jī)走，還是想乘船走。
請(qǐng)注意whether or not的用法：
Do you want to insure your luggage or not?he asked.
他問(wèn)：你的行李要保險(xiǎn)嗎?相當(dāng)于：
He asked whether or not I wanted to insure my luggage./He asked if I wanted to insure my luggage or not.
他問(wèn)我是否要給行李保險(xiǎn)。
3 whether+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可位于wonder，want to know之后：
Shall/Should I wait for them or go on?he wondered.
他問(wèn)自己：我是等等他們呢還是繼續(xù)往前走呢?相當(dāng)于：
He wondered whether to wait for them or go on./He wondered whether
he should wait for them or go on.
他問(wèn)自己是要等等他們還是繼續(xù)往前走。
inquire+whether+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)是可以的，但不常見(jiàn)。
4 如果問(wèn)句含有條件從句時(shí)，用whether就比較清楚，否則就會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)if：
If you get the job will you move to York?Bill asked.
比爾問(wèn)：如果你得到那份工作，你會(huì)遷到約克去嗎?相當(dāng)于：
Bill asked whether，if I got the job，Id move to York.
比爾問(wèn)如果我得到那份工作我是否會(huì)遷到約克去。
