牛津?qū)嵱糜⒄Z(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:103 各種時(shí)態(tài)的否定形式
A 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定式:第三人稱單數(shù)為does not/doesnt+動(dòng)詞原形;所有其他人稱為do not/dont+動(dòng)詞原形。一般過去時(shí)的否定式:所有人稱都是did not/didnt+動(dòng)詞原形。
口語(yǔ)中較常用的縮略形式舉例如下:
He does not/doesnt answer letters.
他從不給人回信。
They do not/dont live here.
他們不住在這兒。
I did not/didnt phone her.
我沒打電話給她。
She did not/didnt wait for me.
她沒等我。
其余的時(shí)態(tài)的否定式都用在助動(dòng)詞后加not的方法構(gòu)成。口語(yǔ)中可用縮略形式:He has not/hasnt finished.
他還沒有完成。
He would not/wouldnt come.
他不會(huì)來。
B 否定式的縮略形式
助動(dòng)詞be,have,will,would,shall,should,do的縮略形式如下:
am not m not
is not isnt/s not
are not arent/re not
例句如:
Im not going and Tom isnt/Toms not going.
我不去,湯姆也不去。
We arent going./were not going.
我們不去。
have not和has not的縮略形式是havent和hasnt,但在完成時(shí)態(tài)中ve not和s not也是可以的:
We havent seen him./Weve not seen him.
我們沒見到過他。
He hasnt/Hes not come yet.
他還沒來。
will not的縮略形式是wont,但ll not也是可以的。 shall not的縮略形式是shant:
I wont go/Ill not go till I hear and I shant hear till tomorrow.
沒有聽到音信以前我不去,而我要到明天才能聽到音信。
其他動(dòng)詞的縮略形式是按常規(guī)加上nt。
否定式的縮略式可置于句末:
I saw it but he didnt.
我看見它了,可他沒看見。
C 英語(yǔ)中,一個(gè)否定句只能在句中有一個(gè)否定的表達(dá)方式,而雙重否定就會(huì)使句子具有肯定的含義:Nobody did nothing意指人人都干了點(diǎn)事。
因此,never,no(形容詞),none,nobody,no one,nothing,hard- ly,hardly ever等詞都和肯定動(dòng)詞連用。可以說:
He didnt eat anything./He ate nothing.
他沒吃東西。
He doesnt ever complain./He never complains.
他從來不抱怨。
We havent seen anyone./We have seen no one.
我們誰(shuí)也沒看見。
They didnt speak much./They hardly spoke at all./They hardly ever spoke.
他們沒有說什么。
A 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定式:第三人稱單數(shù)為does not/doesnt+動(dòng)詞原形;所有其他人稱為do not/dont+動(dòng)詞原形。一般過去時(shí)的否定式:所有人稱都是did not/didnt+動(dòng)詞原形。
口語(yǔ)中較常用的縮略形式舉例如下:
He does not/doesnt answer letters.
他從不給人回信。
They do not/dont live here.
他們不住在這兒。
I did not/didnt phone her.
我沒打電話給她。
She did not/didnt wait for me.
她沒等我。
其余的時(shí)態(tài)的否定式都用在助動(dòng)詞后加not的方法構(gòu)成。口語(yǔ)中可用縮略形式:He has not/hasnt finished.
他還沒有完成。
He would not/wouldnt come.
他不會(huì)來。
B 否定式的縮略形式
助動(dòng)詞be,have,will,would,shall,should,do的縮略形式如下:
am not m not
is not isnt/s not
are not arent/re not
例句如:
Im not going and Tom isnt/Toms not going.
我不去,湯姆也不去。
We arent going./were not going.
我們不去。
have not和has not的縮略形式是havent和hasnt,但在完成時(shí)態(tài)中ve not和s not也是可以的:
We havent seen him./Weve not seen him.
我們沒見到過他。
He hasnt/Hes not come yet.
他還沒來。
will not的縮略形式是wont,但ll not也是可以的。 shall not的縮略形式是shant:
I wont go/Ill not go till I hear and I shant hear till tomorrow.
沒有聽到音信以前我不去,而我要到明天才能聽到音信。
其他動(dòng)詞的縮略形式是按常規(guī)加上nt。
否定式的縮略式可置于句末:
I saw it but he didnt.
我看見它了,可他沒看見。
C 英語(yǔ)中,一個(gè)否定句只能在句中有一個(gè)否定的表達(dá)方式,而雙重否定就會(huì)使句子具有肯定的含義:Nobody did nothing意指人人都干了點(diǎn)事。
因此,never,no(形容詞),none,nobody,no one,nothing,hard- ly,hardly ever等詞都和肯定動(dòng)詞連用。可以說:
He didnt eat anything./He ate nothing.
他沒吃東西。
He doesnt ever complain./He never complains.
他從來不抱怨。
We havent seen anyone./We have seen no one.
我們誰(shuí)也沒看見。
They didnt speak much./They hardly spoke at all./They hardly ever spoke.
他們沒有說什么。