英文最基本的五個時態

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英文最基本的五個時態

  二、 現在進行時

  現在進行時用助動詞be的人稱形式加現在分詞構成,它的肯定、否定、疑問形式如下:

  I am working。

  I am not working。

  Am I working?

  現在進行時主要表示現在或現在這一階段正在進行的動作。

  where are they having the basket-ball match?

  they are putting up the scaffolding。

  hes showing a foreign guest round the city。

  在不少情況下,表示正在進行的動作的漢語句子,并沒有正在這樣的字,在譯為英語時卻必須用進行時態:

  how are you getting on with the work?

  the work is going fairly smoothly。

  you are making rapid progress。

  It is blowing hard。

  who are you waiting for?

  whenever I see her,she is working in the garden。我每次看到她時,她總是在花園里干活。

  在一般現在時所列的表示狀態和感覺的動詞,一般不能用于進行時態,因為他們不能表示正在進行的動作。但如果詞義轉變,能表示一個正在進行的動作,就能夠用于進行時態,試比較下面的句子:

  do you see anyone over there?你看到那里有什么人嗎?

  are you seeing someone off?你在給誰送行嗎?

  I hear someone singing。我聽見有人唱歌。

  they are hearing an english talk?他們在聽一個英語報告。

  what do you think of it?你覺得這怎么樣?

  what are you thinking about?你在想什么?

  另外,表示無法持續動作的動詞,一般不宜用于進行時態,但有些可以用于這個時態表示重復、即將等:

  he is jumping up and down。她一上一下地跳著。

  the train is arriving。火車就要進站了。

  the old man is dying。老頭病危了。

  現在進行時有時可用來表示一個在最近按計劃或安安排要進行的動作(這是多有一個表示未來時間的狀語):

  we are leaving on friday。

  are you going anywhere tomorrow?

  a foreign guest is giving a lecture in english this afternoon。

  xiao hong!coming。

  who is interpreting for you?

  we are having a holiday next monday。

  但這僅限于少量動詞,如go,come,leave,start,arrive,lunch,return,dine,work,sleep,stay,play,do,have,wear等。

  另外,be going+不定式這個結構經常用來表示即將發生的事或打算(準備)做的事:

  I am afraid it is going to rain。

  It is going to be rather cold tomorrow。

  she is not going to speak at the meeting。

  在這個結構中過去有許多人不贊成用go和come這兩個動詞,感到很別扭,主張不說are you going to go anywhere tomorrow?而說are you going anywhere tomorrow?不說is she going to come?而說is she coming?但現在在這種結構中用兩個動詞的人越來越多,這種用法基本上被大家接受了。

  此外,在時間和條件狀語從句中,間或也可用現在進行時表示將來的情況或一般情況:

  do not mention this when you are talking with him。

  remember that when you are taking a rest,some else is always working。

  if she is still sleeping,do not wake her up。

  現在進行時有時用來代替一般現在時,表示一個經常性動作或狀態,這是或是為了表示一種感情(a)如贊嘆、厭煩等,或是為了強調情況的暫時性(b)。

  a. how are you feeling today?(比how do you feel today?更顯親切)

  xiao hua is doing fine work at school。(比xiao hua does fine work at school。更富贊美)

  he is always thinking of his work。表贊許

  he is constantly leaving his thing about。她老是亂扔東西。(表不滿)

  he is always boasting。他老愛說大話。(表厭煩)

  b.he is sleeping in the next room now。他現在現在是在隔壁房間睡了(不再原來房間睡了)。

  the professor is typing his own letters while his secretary is ill。

  where is he working?他現在在那里工作?(可能剛換工作)

  for this week we are starting work at 7:30。

  he is walking to work because his bicycle is being repaired。

  be間或可用于進行時態,表示一時的表現:

  you are not being modest。

  he is being silly。

  she is being friendly。

  xiao hong is being a good girl today。

  do not talk rot。i am being serious。

  注: 在there和here引起的句子中,常可用一般現在時代替現在進行時:

  here comes the bus。(=the bus is coming.)

  there goes the bell.

  在某些情況下兩種情況都可以用,沒有多少差別:

  i wonder how i should answer then.

  does your leg hurt?

  it itches terribly.

  my back aches .

  i write to inform you.

  

  二、 現在進行時

  現在進行時用助動詞be的人稱形式加現在分詞構成,它的肯定、否定、疑問形式如下:

  I am working。

  I am not working。

  Am I working?

  現在進行時主要表示現在或現在這一階段正在進行的動作。

  where are they having the basket-ball match?

  they are putting up the scaffolding。

  hes showing a foreign guest round the city。

  在不少情況下,表示正在進行的動作的漢語句子,并沒有正在這樣的字,在譯為英語時卻必須用進行時態:

  how are you getting on with the work?

  the work is going fairly smoothly。

  you are making rapid progress。

  It is blowing hard。

  who are you waiting for?

  whenever I see her,she is working in the garden。我每次看到她時,她總是在花園里干活。

  在一般現在時所列的表示狀態和感覺的動詞,一般不能用于進行時態,因為他們不能表示正在進行的動作。但如果詞義轉變,能表示一個正在進行的動作,就能夠用于進行時態,試比較下面的句子:

  do you see anyone over there?你看到那里有什么人嗎?

  are you seeing someone off?你在給誰送行嗎?

  I hear someone singing。我聽見有人唱歌。

  they are hearing an english talk?他們在聽一個英語報告。

  what do you think of it?你覺得這怎么樣?

  what are you thinking about?你在想什么?

  另外,表示無法持續動作的動詞,一般不宜用于進行時態,但有些可以用于這個時態表示重復、即將等:

  he is jumping up and down。她一上一下地跳著。

  the train is arriving。火車就要進站了。

  the old man is dying。老頭病危了。

  現在進行時有時可用來表示一個在最近按計劃或安安排要進行的動作(這是多有一個表示未來時間的狀語):

  we are leaving on friday。

  are you going anywhere tomorrow?

  a foreign guest is giving a lecture in english this afternoon。

  xiao hong!coming。

  who is interpreting for you?

  we are having a holiday next monday。

  但這僅限于少量動詞,如go,come,leave,start,arrive,lunch,return,dine,work,sleep,stay,play,do,have,wear等。

  另外,be going+不定式這個結構經常用來表示即將發生的事或打算(準備)做的事:

  I am afraid it is going to rain。

  It is going to be rather cold tomorrow。

  she is not going to speak at the meeting。

  在這個結構中過去有許多人不贊成用go和come這兩個動詞,感到很別扭,主張不說are you going to go anywhere tomorrow?而說are you going anywhere tomorrow?不說is she going to come?而說is she coming?但現在在這種結構中用兩個動詞的人越來越多,這種用法基本上被大家接受了。

  此外,在時間和條件狀語從句中,間或也可用現在進行時表示將來的情況或一般情況:

  do not mention this when you are talking with him。

  remember that when you are taking a rest,some else is always working。

  if she is still sleeping,do not wake her up。

  現在進行時有時用來代替一般現在時,表示一個經常性動作或狀態,這是或是為了表示一種感情(a)如贊嘆、厭煩等,或是為了強調情況的暫時性(b)。

  a. how are you feeling today?(比how do you feel today?更顯親切)

  xiao hua is doing fine work at school。(比xiao hua does fine work at school。更富贊美)

  he is always thinking of his work。表贊許

  he is constantly leaving his thing about。她老是亂扔東西。(表不滿)

  he is always boasting。他老愛說大話。(表厭煩)

  b.he is sleeping in the next room now。他現在現在是在隔壁房間睡了(不再原來房間睡了)。

  the professor is typing his own letters while his secretary is ill。

  where is he working?他現在在那里工作?(可能剛換工作)

  for this week we are starting work at 7:30。

  he is walking to work because his bicycle is being repaired。

  be間或可用于進行時態,表示一時的表現:

  you are not being modest。

  he is being silly。

  she is being friendly。

  xiao hong is being a good girl today。

  do not talk rot。i am being serious。

  注: 在there和here引起的句子中,常可用一般現在時代替現在進行時:

  here comes the bus。(=the bus is coming.)

  there goes the bell.

  在某些情況下兩種情況都可以用,沒有多少差別:

  i wonder how i should answer then.

  does your leg hurt?

  it itches terribly.

  my back aches .

  i write to inform you.

  

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