初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：since從句的翻譯問(wèn)題

　　一、正面翻譯

　　在一般情況下，since用作連詞表示自從時(shí)，它所引導(dǎo)從句的謂語(yǔ)通常應(yīng)是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：

　　He has grown an inch since I saw him. 我上次見(jiàn)到他以后他已長(zhǎng)高了一英寸。

　　She has had another baby since I saw her last. 從上次我見(jiàn)到她以來(lái)，她又生了一個(gè)孩子。

　　Weve been friends ever since we met at school. 自從我們?cè)趯W(xué)校遇見(jiàn)以來(lái)一直是朋友。

　　Hes been in bed since he broke his leg. 自從他摔傷了腿，他一直躺在床上。

　　He has worked for us ever since he left school. 他離開(kāi)學(xué)校以后就一直為我們工作。

　　He hasnt stopped complaining since he got back from his holidays. 自從他休假回來(lái)，就不停地抱怨。

　　二、反面翻譯

　　但有時(shí)也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，不過(guò)此時(shí)應(yīng)注意：延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞所表示的通常是動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的完成或結(jié)束 (而不是其開(kāi)始)。試體會(huì)下列句子及其相應(yīng)的翻譯：

　　I havent heard from him since he lived in Beijing. 自從他離開(kāi)北京以來(lái)，我一直未收到他的信 (住在北京的結(jié)束，即離開(kāi)北京)。

　　He has never come to see me since I was ill. 我病愈之后他還沒(méi)來(lái)看過(guò)我 (生病的結(jié)束，即病愈)。

　　It has been so long since we were all together. 好久我們沒(méi)有在一起團(tuán)聚了。(在一起的結(jié)束就是沒(méi)有在一起)

　　注意：

　　如果要表示從句中的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)至今，就應(yīng)該用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而不是用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：

　　I havent seen you since I have been back. 我回來(lái)后一直未見(jiàn)到你。

　　I havent had a good meal (ever) since Ive been here. 我自從來(lái)到這里后還沒(méi)吃過(guò)一頓好的。

　　I havent seen you since I have been back. 我回來(lái)后就一直沒(méi)見(jiàn)到你。

　　He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 我生病以來(lái)他從未來(lái)看過(guò)我。

　　Nothing has happened here since youve been away. 自你離開(kāi)后，這里沒(méi)有發(fā)生什么事。

　　I have met him often since I have lived here. 自從我在這里住下之后，我?？匆?jiàn)他。

　　I have learned a lot from him since I have known him. 自從我認(rèn)識(shí)了他，我向他學(xué)到許多東西。

　　This is the first storm since youve been here. 自從你來(lái)到這里，這才是第一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨哩。

　　三、值得注意的特例

　　有個(gè)別時(shí)候(尤其是用于since I was a child, since we were young之類的表達(dá))，持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)也可以表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 (多半有ever修飾)。如：

　　Ive known her ever since I was a child. 自孩提時(shí)代起我就已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)她了。

　　We have known each other since we were children. 我們從小認(rèn)識(shí)。

　　I have lived here since I was a child. 我從小就在這里住。

　　Shes been playing tennis since she was eight. 她從八歲起就打網(wǎng)球了。

　　Tom hasnt been home since he was a boy. 湯姆從小離家就沒(méi)回去過(guò)。

　　We have lived in England since I was a child. 從我小時(shí)起我們就住在英國(guó)。

　　一、正面翻譯

　　在一般情況下，since用作連詞表示自從時(shí)，它所引導(dǎo)從句的謂語(yǔ)通常應(yīng)是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：

　　He has grown an inch since I saw him. 我上次見(jiàn)到他以后他已長(zhǎng)高了一英寸。

　　She has had another baby since I saw her last. 從上次我見(jiàn)到她以來(lái)，她又生了一個(gè)孩子。

　　Weve been friends ever since we met at school. 自從我們?cè)趯W(xué)校遇見(jiàn)以來(lái)一直是朋友。

　　Hes been in bed since he broke his leg. 自從他摔傷了腿，他一直躺在床上。

　　He has worked for us ever since he left school. 他離開(kāi)學(xué)校以后就一直為我們工作。

　　He hasnt stopped complaining since he got back from his holidays. 自從他休假回來(lái)，就不停地抱怨。

　　二、反面翻譯

　　但有時(shí)也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，不過(guò)此時(shí)應(yīng)注意：延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞所表示的通常是動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的完成或結(jié)束 (而不是其開(kāi)始)。試體會(huì)下列句子及其相應(yīng)的翻譯：

　　I havent heard from him since he lived in Beijing. 自從他離開(kāi)北京以來(lái)，我一直未收到他的信 (住在北京的結(jié)束，即離開(kāi)北京)。

　　He has never come to see me since I was ill. 我病愈之后他還沒(méi)來(lái)看過(guò)我 (生病的結(jié)束，即病愈)。

　　It has been so long since we were all together. 好久我們沒(méi)有在一起團(tuán)聚了。(在一起的結(jié)束就是沒(méi)有在一起)

　　注意：

　　如果要表示從句中的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)至今，就應(yīng)該用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而不是用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：

　　I havent seen you since I have been back. 我回來(lái)后一直未見(jiàn)到你。

　　I havent had a good meal (ever) since Ive been here. 我自從來(lái)到這里后還沒(méi)吃過(guò)一頓好的。

　　I havent seen you since I have been back. 我回來(lái)后就一直沒(méi)見(jiàn)到你。

　　He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 我生病以來(lái)他從未來(lái)看過(guò)我。

　　Nothing has happened here since youve been away. 自你離開(kāi)后，這里沒(méi)有發(fā)生什么事。

　　I have met him often since I have lived here. 自從我在這里住下之后，我常看見(jiàn)他。

　　I have learned a lot from him since I have known him. 自從我認(rèn)識(shí)了他，我向他學(xué)到許多東西。

　　This is the first storm since youve been here. 自從你來(lái)到這里，這才是第一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨哩。

　　三、值得注意的特例

　　有個(gè)別時(shí)候(尤其是用于since I was a child, since we were young之類的表達(dá))，持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)也可以表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 (多半有ever修飾)。如：

　　Ive known her ever since I was a child. 自孩提時(shí)代起我就已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)她了。

　　We have known each other since we were children. 我們從小認(rèn)識(shí)。

　　I have lived here since I was a child. 我從小就在這里住。

　　Shes been playing tennis since she was eight. 她從八歲起就打網(wǎng)球了。

　　Tom hasnt been home since he was a boy. 湯姆從小離家就沒(méi)回去過(guò)。

　　We have lived in England since I was a child. 從我小時(shí)起我們就住在英國(guó)。