雅思閱讀:詞匯考點(diǎn)分析
很多考生都認(rèn)為閱讀是雅思中最不需要詞匯的一門(mén)單項(xiàng),依靠技巧就萬(wàn)事大吉。這種想法是完全錯(cuò)誤的。事實(shí)上,不管是雅思、托福抑或是高考,閱讀準(zhǔn)確性首先需基于對(duì)題目的正確理解。雅思閱讀考試的考核目的之一正是為了檢驗(yàn)考生是否具有一定的詞匯量,以順利完成國(guó)外學(xué)業(yè)和生活。所以,了解閱讀中詞匯考查重點(diǎn)是尤為關(guān)鍵的。俗話(huà)說(shuō),知己知彼,方可百戰(zhàn)百勝。總結(jié)下來(lái),雅思閱讀考試對(duì)詞匯的檢驗(yàn)可分為三部分,將在此文中做一詳述。
對(duì)詞義的理解
即是否理解該單詞的正確含義。
比如:The growing importance of themiddle classes leds to an increased demandfor dictionaries。
Johnson set up an academy to helpwith thewriting of hisDictionary。
這兩道題為判斷題,同時(shí)都是考察對(duì)關(guān)鍵詞的正確理解程度。首先academy 解釋為學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì),middle class為中產(chǎn)階級(jí)。如果認(rèn)識(shí)這兩個(gè)詞,那么解這道題就會(huì)變得簡(jiǎn)單許多,可以直接將該兩個(gè)詞作為定位詞,回原文快速定位。
又如:The expected statistical outcome。
這道題是段與句搭配題,一直是雅思閱讀難讀系數(shù)最高的題型之一。但若能正確分析statistical的含義,問(wèn)題自然能迎刃而解。這里的statistical解釋為數(shù)據(jù),通過(guò)字義應(yīng)該回原文找數(shù)字最集中的一個(gè)段落。
再如:What is thewritersmain pointabout lobby groups in paragraph 6?
A.Some aremore active than others。
B.Some are better organised than others。
C.Some receive more criticism thanothers。
D.Some supportmore important issuesthan others。
根據(jù)題目指示,回第6段定位That would matter less if people applied the same degree of scepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields。這題的解題關(guān)鍵就是對(duì)原文這句話(huà)中scepticism的理解。其詞義為懷疑,對(duì)應(yīng)的是C選項(xiàng)中的criticism,因此答案應(yīng)為C。
同義替換
即是否同時(shí)掌握具備相同含義的多個(gè)近義詞。
如 :It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the pure science that they study at school。
該題為判斷題,回原文定位Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about pure, curriculum science.,這句話(huà)中curriculum對(duì)應(yīng)的即為題目中的at school,因此為T(mén)rue。
又如:Which species swims upside down while eating?
該題為簡(jiǎn)答題,原文中...freshwater dolphins,which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding... 該句中feeding即為題目中的eating,所以可以完全肯定答案為freshwater dolphins。
感情色彩
即判斷單詞的正面/負(fù)面色彩。
如:Australians have been turning to al-ternative therapies in increasing numbersover the past 20 years。
該題為判斷題,在原文中可以找到相對(duì)應(yīng)的句子為 Disenchantment with orthodox medicine has seen the popularity of alternative therapies in Australia climb steadily during the past 20 years。大多數(shù)考生普遍不認(rèn)識(shí)disenchantment,但通過(guò)該詞前綴dis-,可以推斷出其感情色彩應(yīng)為負(fù)面;相對(duì)應(yīng)的是popularity為正面感情色彩,因此可以推斷出原文該句理解為在過(guò)去20年澳大利亞alternative therapies越來(lái)越受歡迎,而orthodox medicine越來(lái)越受冷落,所以該題為T(mén)rue。并且,從中可以推測(cè)出 alternative therapies與 orthodox medicine為一對(duì)相反詞,alternative為選擇性,借助整句句義,可以推測(cè)出orthodox為傳統(tǒng)性,這對(duì)之后其他題型的解題幫助甚大。考試大的美女編輯們
又如:In the past,Australians had a high-er opinion of doctors than they do today。
該題同樣為判斷題,原文相對(duì)應(yīng)句子為T(mén)he high standing of professionals, including doctors, has been eroded as a consequence. 這句中consequence意為不好的結(jié)果,是負(fù)面單詞,因此推斷出erode也為負(fù)面單詞,那么這句句義就可以理解為醫(yī)生的地位現(xiàn)在結(jié)果不好。所以,答案為T(mén)rue。
從雅思閱讀中詞匯的考點(diǎn)分析中可以發(fā)現(xiàn),單詞在閱讀中的重要性不容忽視。因此,建議大家一定要高度重視詞匯量的積累,在強(qiáng)調(diào)題量的同時(shí),可以借助分析題目和文章,記錄一定的同義詞替換;并且在背誦單詞時(shí),做一個(gè)有心人,了解學(xué)習(xí)單詞的相關(guān)構(gòu)詞法。只要努力堅(jiān)持一段時(shí)間,學(xué)生就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的詞匯量不但上去了,背單詞也變得簡(jiǎn)單了,當(dāng)然閱讀的速度和準(zhǔn)確率也相應(yīng)地得到了。
很多考生都認(rèn)為閱讀是雅思中最不需要詞匯的一門(mén)單項(xiàng),依靠技巧就萬(wàn)事大吉。這種想法是完全錯(cuò)誤的。事實(shí)上,不管是雅思、托福抑或是高考,閱讀準(zhǔn)確性首先需基于對(duì)題目的正確理解。雅思閱讀考試的考核目的之一正是為了檢驗(yàn)考生是否具有一定的詞匯量,以順利完成國(guó)外學(xué)業(yè)和生活。所以,了解閱讀中詞匯考查重點(diǎn)是尤為關(guān)鍵的。俗話(huà)說(shuō),知己知彼,方可百戰(zhàn)百勝。總結(jié)下來(lái),雅思閱讀考試對(duì)詞匯的檢驗(yàn)可分為三部分,將在此文中做一詳述。
對(duì)詞義的理解
即是否理解該單詞的正確含義。
比如:The growing importance of themiddle classes leds to an increased demandfor dictionaries。
Johnson set up an academy to helpwith thewriting of hisDictionary。
這兩道題為判斷題,同時(shí)都是考察對(duì)關(guān)鍵詞的正確理解程度。首先academy 解釋為學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)隊(duì),middle class為中產(chǎn)階級(jí)。如果認(rèn)識(shí)這兩個(gè)詞,那么解這道題就會(huì)變得簡(jiǎn)單許多,可以直接將該兩個(gè)詞作為定位詞,回原文快速定位。
又如:The expected statistical outcome。
這道題是段與句搭配題,一直是雅思閱讀難讀系數(shù)最高的題型之一。但若能正確分析statistical的含義,問(wèn)題自然能迎刃而解。這里的statistical解釋為數(shù)據(jù),通過(guò)字義應(yīng)該回原文找數(shù)字最集中的一個(gè)段落。
再如:What is thewritersmain pointabout lobby groups in paragraph 6?
A.Some aremore active than others。
B.Some are better organised than others。
C.Some receive more criticism thanothers。
D.Some supportmore important issuesthan others。
根據(jù)題目指示,回第6段定位That would matter less if people applied the same degree of scepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields。這題的解題關(guān)鍵就是對(duì)原文這句話(huà)中scepticism的理解。其詞義為懷疑,對(duì)應(yīng)的是C選項(xiàng)中的criticism,因此答案應(yīng)為C。
同義替換
即是否同時(shí)掌握具備相同含義的多個(gè)近義詞。
如 :It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the pure science that they study at school。
該題為判斷題,回原文定位Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about pure, curriculum science.,這句話(huà)中curriculum對(duì)應(yīng)的即為題目中的at school,因此為T(mén)rue。
又如:Which species swims upside down while eating?
該題為簡(jiǎn)答題,原文中...freshwater dolphins,which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding... 該句中feeding即為題目中的eating,所以可以完全肯定答案為freshwater dolphins。
感情色彩
即判斷單詞的正面/負(fù)面色彩。
如:Australians have been turning to al-ternative therapies in increasing numbersover the past 20 years。
該題為判斷題,在原文中可以找到相對(duì)應(yīng)的句子為 Disenchantment with orthodox medicine has seen the popularity of alternative therapies in Australia climb steadily during the past 20 years。大多數(shù)考生普遍不認(rèn)識(shí)disenchantment,但通過(guò)該詞前綴dis-,可以推斷出其感情色彩應(yīng)為負(fù)面;相對(duì)應(yīng)的是popularity為正面感情色彩,因此可以推斷出原文該句理解為在過(guò)去20年澳大利亞alternative therapies越來(lái)越受歡迎,而orthodox medicine越來(lái)越受冷落,所以該題為T(mén)rue。并且,從中可以推測(cè)出 alternative therapies與 orthodox medicine為一對(duì)相反詞,alternative為選擇性,借助整句句義,可以推測(cè)出orthodox為傳統(tǒng)性,這對(duì)之后其他題型的解題幫助甚大。考試大的美女編輯們
又如:In the past,Australians had a high-er opinion of doctors than they do today。
該題同樣為判斷題,原文相對(duì)應(yīng)句子為T(mén)he high standing of professionals, including doctors, has been eroded as a consequence. 這句中consequence意為不好的結(jié)果,是負(fù)面單詞,因此推斷出erode也為負(fù)面單詞,那么這句句義就可以理解為醫(yī)生的地位現(xiàn)在結(jié)果不好。所以,答案為T(mén)rue。
從雅思閱讀中詞匯的考點(diǎn)分析中可以發(fā)現(xiàn),單詞在閱讀中的重要性不容忽視。因此,建議大家一定要高度重視詞匯量的積累,在強(qiáng)調(diào)題量的同時(shí),可以借助分析題目和文章,記錄一定的同義詞替換;并且在背誦單詞時(shí),做一個(gè)有心人,了解學(xué)習(xí)單詞的相關(guān)構(gòu)詞法。只要努力堅(jiān)持一段時(shí)間,學(xué)生就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的詞匯量不但上去了,背單詞也變得簡(jiǎn)單了,當(dāng)然閱讀的速度和準(zhǔn)確率也相應(yīng)地得到了。