習近平訪美49項成果清單
From September 22 to 25, 2023, at the invitation of President Barack Obama of the United States of America, President Xi Jinping of the People's Republic of China paid a state visit to the United States. During the visit, President Xi Jinping and President Obama had in-depth, candid and constructive talks. The two sides reached extensive consensus and arrived at a series of important outcomes. According to the briefing given by officials from the Foreign Ministry, the main consensus and outcomes reached by the two sides are as follows:
2023年9月22日至25日，應美利堅合眾國總統貝拉克·奧巴馬邀請，中華人民共和國國家主席習近平對美國進行國事訪問。訪問期間，習近平主席與奧巴馬總統舉行了深入、坦誠、建設性的會談。雙方達成廣泛共識，取得了一系列重要成果。據外交部官員介紹，雙方達成的主要共識和成果如下：
I. The New Model of Major-country Relationship Between China and the United States
一、中美新型大國關系
1. The two sides commended the important outcomes of the meeting at Sunnylands in 2023, the meeting in Beijing in 2023 and the meeting in Washington in 2023 between the two presidents, and agreed to continue the endeavor to build a new model of major-country relationship between China and the United States based on mutual respect and win-win cooperation. The two sides agreed to maintain close communication and exchanges at high and other levels, further expand practical cooperation at bilateral, regional and global levels, manage differences in a constructive way to achieve new concrete results in China-U.S. relations to the greater benefit of people of the two countries and the world.
1、雙方積極評價兩國元首2023年安納伯格莊園會晤、2023年北京會晤和這次華盛頓會晤取得的重要成果;同意繼續努力構建基于相互尊重、合作共贏的中美新型大國關系，保持密切高層及各級別交往，進一步拓展雙邊、地區、全球層面的務實合作，以建設性方式管控分歧，使中美關系不斷取得新的具體成果，更多更好地造福兩國人民和世界人民。
2. The two sides agreed that, as permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and countries with important global influence, China and the United States should remain committed to maintaining a strong China-U.S. relationship to contribute to the peace, stability and prosperity of the world and the region. The United States welcomes a strong, prosperous and stable China that plays a greater role in international and regional affairs. The United States supports China's stability and reform. China respects the traditional influence and practical interests of the United States in the Asia-Pacific and welcomes the United States to continue to play a positive and constructive role in regional affairs.
2、雙方一致認為，中美作為聯合國安理會常任理事國和在全球具有重要影響的國家，應共同致力于維護一個強有力的中美關系，使之為全球及地區和平、穩定和繁榮作出貢獻。美方歡迎一個強大、繁榮、穩定、在國際和地區事務中發揮更大作用的中國，支持中國的穩定和改革。中方尊重美國在亞太地區的傳統影響和現實利益，歡迎美方在地區事務中繼續發揮積極、建設性作用。
II. Bilateral Practical Cooperation
二、雙邊務實合作
3. China and the United States recognize their shared interest in promoting a strong and open global economy, inclusive growth and sustainable development, and a stable international financial system, supported by the multilateral economic institutions founded at the end of World War II that have benefited the peoples of both nations. Both countries recognize and value the substantial contributions that the international financial institutions have made to global growth, higher incomes, the alleviation of poverty, and the maintenance of financial stability since their establishment. The rules-based international economic system has helped to propel China's unprecedented economic growth over the past 35 years, lifting hundreds of millions of people out of poverty. The United States has also benefited from the emergence of a global middle class that, by 2030, is projected to include more than 3 billion consumers in Asia alone. U.S. exports of goods and services supported approximately 12 million jobs in the United States in 2023. China has a strong stake in the maintenance and further strengthening and modernization of global financial institutions, and the United States welcomes China's growing contributions to financing development and infrastructure in Asia and beyond. The international financial architecture has evolved over time to meet the changing scale, scope, and diversity of challenges and to include new institutions as they incorporate its core principles of high standards and good governance. Both countries are committed to supporting this international architecture and welcome the greater role of the G20 in global economic governance to ensure an inclusive, resilient, and constantly improving international economic architecture to meet challenges now and in the future. In light of China's increased share of global economic activity and increased capacity, the United States welcomes China playing a more active role in and taking on due responsibility for the international financial architecture, as well as expanded bilateral cooperation to address global economic challenges. To this end:
3、中美雙方確認在促進強勁和開放的全球經濟、包容性增長和可持續發展，以及穩定的國際金融體系方面擁有共同利益，上述目標的實現由第二次世界大戰后成立的多邊經濟機構所支撐，這些機構使兩國人民受益。中美雙方確認并重視國際金融機構自建立以來對促進全球增長、提高收入、減少貧困和維護金融穩定所做的重大貢獻。以規則為基礎的國際經濟體系在過去35年中助推中國實現了前所未有的經濟增長，使億萬人民擺脫了貧困。美國也同樣受益于全球中產階級的出現，預計到2030年僅在亞洲就將有30億消費者。2023年，美國商品和服務的出口在美國內支持了大約1200萬人的就業。中方在維護、進一步加強并推動國際金融機構現代化方面有重大利益，美方歡迎中方不斷增加對亞洲及域外地區發展事業和基礎設施的融資支持。國際金融框架正不斷演進，以應對在規模、范圍和多樣性方面都在發生變化的挑戰，并將包括將高標準和良好治理作為其核心原則的新機構。雙方承諾支持這一國際框架，并歡迎二十國集團(G20)在全球經濟治理中發揮更大作用，確保國際經濟體系具有包容性、韌性且不斷得到完善，以應對當前和未來的挑戰。鑒于中國在全球經濟事務中的參與度和參與能力不斷增加，美方歡迎中方在國際金融框架和拓展的雙邊合作中發揮更加積極的作用并承擔相應的責任，以應對全球經濟挑戰。為此：
(1) China and the United States commit to strengthening and modernizing the multilateral development financing system. Both countries resolve to further strengthen the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, African Development Bank and Inter-American Development Bank by enhancing their financial capacity, reforming their governance, and improving their effectiveness and efficiency. Consistent with its development, in addition to being a shareholder and borrower, China intends to meaningfully increase its role as a donor in all these institutions. Both sides acknowledge that for new and future institutions to be significant contributors to the international financial architecture, these institutions, like the existing international financial institutions, are to be properly structured and operated in line with the principles of professionalism, transparency, efficiency, and effectiveness, and with the existing high environmental and governance standards, recognizing that these standards continuously evolve and improve.
(1)中美雙方承諾強化多邊開發融資體系并使其現代化。雙方決心通過提高其資金能力、改革其治理和提升其有效性和效率，繼續強化世界銀行、亞洲開發銀行、非洲發展銀行、泛美開發銀行。與發展階段相適應，中方不僅將作為股東國和借款國，還有意愿有意義地在所有上述機構中提升作為捐款國的作用。雙方認識到新機構以及未來將成立的機構，要成為國際金融框架的重要貢獻者，這些機構將像現有國際金融機構一樣，與專業性、透明度、高效率和有效性的原則以及現有環境和治理高標準相一致，進行恰當的設計和運營，同時認識到上述標準是在持續演進和改進的。
(2) China and the United States reaffirm the importance of the MDBs in meeting the needs of the poorest countries through robust financial contributions to the International Development Association, Asian Development Fund, and African Development Fund. China is to meaningfully increase its contributions to the MDB concessional windows, consistent with its capacity. Both countries commit that the MDBs should continue to explore options to increase their lending capacity, including through using existing resources, and regularly reviewing their capital with an assessment of whether a capital increase is warranted. Both countries commit to continued efforts on MDB balance sheet optimization. China and the United States commit to collaborate on the World Bank shareholding review roadmap, including development of a shareholding formula and review of the World Bank's capital needs in 2023. Both sides also recognize that the middle income countries still face challenges in alleviating poverty and that the MDBs have a role in addressing those specific needs.
(2)中美雙方再次確認，通過對多邊開發銀行下設的國際開發協會、亞洲開發基金和非洲發展基金的強有力的捐款以滿足最貧困國家的需求，是十分重要的。中方將按照其自身能力有意義地增加其對多邊開發銀行軟貸款窗口的捐資。雙方承諾多邊開發銀行應繼續探索增強其貸款能力的選擇，包括通過使用現有資源，并定期審議其資本金以評估是否需要增資。雙方承諾繼續在優化多邊開發銀行資產負債表方面做出努力。雙方承諾就世界銀行的股權分配改革路線圖進行合作，包括股權分配公式的設計和在2023年審議世界銀行的資本需求。同時，雙方認識到中等收入國家在減貧方面依舊面臨挑戰，并且多邊開發銀行在應對上述特定需求方面發揮重要作用。
(3) China and the United States commit to strengthen their cooperation in the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and continue to improve the IMF's quota and governance structure. The United States commits to implement the 2010 IMF quota and governance reforms as soon as possible and reaffirms that the distribution of quotas should continue to shift toward dynamic emerging markets and developing countries to better reflect the relative weight of IMF members in the world economy. China and the United States affirm the efforts of the IMF Executive Board to pursue an interim solution, which aims to converge quota shares to the extent possible to the levels decided under the 14th Review. However, the interim solution should not constitute or be seen in any way as a substitute for the 2010 reforms. China and the United States are to support the Executive Board's work on the 15th Review of Quotas, including a new quota formula, using the 14th Review as a basis.
(3)中美雙方承諾在國際貨幣基金組織(IMF)機制下加強合作，并繼續完善IMF的份額和治理結構。美方承諾盡快落實2010年IMF份額和治理改革方案，并再次確認份額的分配應繼續向具有活力的新興市場和發展中國家轉移，以更好地反映IMF成員國在世界經濟中的相對權重。雙方認可IMF執董會為尋求過渡方案所做的努力，過渡方案旨在使份額比例盡可能地趨近于第14次份額總審查確定的水平。但是，過渡方案不能構成或被視為代替2010年改革方案。雙方支持IMF執董會在推動第15次份額總審查方面所做的工作，包括以第14次份額總檢查為基礎制定一個新的份額公式。
(4) China and the United States commit to development finance cooperation in a third country through the multilateral development banks, respecting the ownership of the recipient countries.
(4)中美雙方承諾在尊重受援國所有權的前提下，通過多邊開發銀行在第三國開展發展融資合作。
(5) The United States welcomes China's commitment to release economic data following the IMF's Special Data Dissemination Standards (SDDS) by the end of the year and welcomes China's continued efforts to enhance transparency. China recognizes the importance to successful RMB internationalization of meeting the transparency standards of other major reserve currencies. The United States supports China's commitment to implement further financial and capital market reforms, and accordingly the United States reiterates its support for the inclusion of the RMB in the SDR basket provided the currency meets the IMF's existing criteria in its SDR review. Both countries commit to respect the IMF's procedures and process in the SDR review, and to enhance their communication on this issue.
(5)美方歡迎中方承諾年底之前根據IMF特殊數據發布標準(SDDS)披露經濟數據，也歡迎中方在提高透明度方面所做的持續努力。中方認識到，滿足其他主要儲備貨幣透明度標準對成功實施人民幣國際化具有重要意義。美方支持中方關于進一步推動金融改革和資本市場改革的承諾，相應地，美國重申在人民幣符合IMF現有標準的前提下支持人民幣在特別提款權(SDR)審查中納入SDR籃子。雙方承諾尊重IMF在SDR審查中的程序和流程，并將在人民幣加入SDR事宜上加強溝通。
(6) China and the United States look forward to continuing to discuss mechanisms to facilitate renminbi trading and clearing in the United States.
(6)中美雙方期待繼續就便利在美人民幣交易和清算的機制問題進行討論。
(7) China and the United States welcome the important progress that has been made in the negotiation of new international guidelines on officially supported export credits since the establishment of the International Working Group on Export Credits (IWG) through a joint high level commitment in 2023. China and the United States reaffirm their support for IWG guideline coverage of official export credit support provided by or on behalf of a government, including, but not limited to, official export credit support provided by official export credit policy financial institutions, and look forward to further discussing the scope of the guideline coverage at the next IWG meetings in October. China and the United States reaffirm that the guidelines should help ensure that governments complement commercial export financing, while promoting international trade.
(7)中美雙方歡迎根據2023年達成的高層聯合聲明成立出口信貸國際工作組以來，在官方支持出口信貸新的國際指導原則談判工作中取得的重要進展。中美雙方重申支持國際工作組指導原則涵蓋由政府或代表政府提供的官方支持的出口信貸，包括但不限于政策性官方出口信貸金融機構提供的官方支持的出口信貸，并期待繼續在將于10月舉行的下一次國際工作組會議上就指導原則覆蓋范圍等問題進行討論。中美雙方進一步重申，新的國際指導原則應在促進國際貿易的同時，有助于確保政府對商業出口融資的補充。
4. China and the United States recognize the positive progress of the ongoing bilateral investment treaty (BIT) negotiation. The Leaders reaffirm as a top economic priority the negotiation of a high standard BIT that reflects a shared commitment to the objectives of non-discrimination, fairness, and transparency, that effectively facilitates and enables market access and market operation, and that represents on each side an open and liberalized investment regime. In light of the progress made in the BIT negotiations and both sides' improved negative list proposals in September, China and the United States commit to intensify the negotiations and to work expeditiously to conclude the negotiation of a mutually beneficial treaty that meets these high standards.
4、中美兩國領導人積極評價正在進行中的中美投資協定(BIT)談判業已取得的進展。兩國領導人重申達成一項高水平投資協定的談判是兩國之間最重要的經濟事項。高水平的投資協定將反映雙方對于非歧視、公平、透明度的共同成果，有效促進和確保市場準入和運營，并體現雙方開放和自由的投資體制。鑒于談判取得的進展和雙方于九月改進了各自的負面清單出價，中美兩國同意強力推進談判，加快工作節奏，以達成一項互利共贏的高水平投資協定。
5. The U.S. side reiterated its commitment to encourage and facilitate exports of commercial high technology items to China for civilian-end users and for civilian-end uses. Both sides commit to continue detailed and in-depth discussion of the export control issues of mutual interest within the China-U.S. High Technology and Strategic Trade Working Group.
5、美方重申，承諾促進和便利商用高技術物項對華民用最終用戶和民用最終用途出口。雙方承諾，繼續通過中美高技術與戰略貿易工作組深入并詳細討論共同關心的出口管制問題。
6. China and the United States commit to limit the scope of their respective national security reviews of foreign investments (for the United States, the CFIUS process) solely to issues that constitute national security concerns, and not to generalize the scope of such reviews to include other broader public interest or economic issues. China and the United States commit that their respective national security reviews apply the same rules and standards under the law to each investment reviewed, regardless of country of origin. When an investment poses a national security risk, China and the United States are to use their respective processes to address the risk as expeditiously as possible, including through targeted mitigation rather than prohibition whenever reasonably possible. The national security review of each country is applicable only to investments completed after such review process is established. Once an investment has completed the national security review process of either country, the investment generally should not be subject to review again if the parties close the investment as reviewed under the respective national security review process. In their respective national security reviews, China and the United States commit not to use information, provided by entities not party to an investment, for the purpose, unrelated to national security, of promoting the commercial interests of a competitor of a party to that investment. China and the United States commit to continue exchanging views on issues regarding their respective national security reviews in the future, including the scope of each country's national security review process and the role in each country's national security review process for entities not party to an investment.
