陜西省2024屆高三英語二輪復習解題指要：閱讀理解 專題2 詞義猜測（人教版同步）

　　閱讀理解詞義猜測題解題技巧

　　考情分析

　　詞義猜測題主要考查考生根據文章內容和所學知識推測詞義的能力，包括考查生詞詞義和熟詞新義，或是一些短語的引申意義或是一句話的含義。今幾年來的高考閱讀理解題中，詞義猜測類題越來越受到命題者的青睞，如2011年高考試題中，大部分地區的試卷都有詞義猜測題，有的地區的一套試卷上甚至出現了2~3道詞義猜測題，預計2024年各地高考也將會不同 程度地考查考生對詞義的理解能力。

　　要點突破

　　詞義猜測題常見的命題形式有;

　　What does the

　　underlined word “…”mean in the passage?

　　The word“…”refer to/probably means

　　.

　　The underlined word “…”in Paragraph…means

　　.

　　What do you think the expression“

　　”stands for?

　　“

　　”as used in the passage can best be defined as

　　.

　　猜測詞義的方法和技巧

　　根據定義、解釋和復述猜測詞義

　　猜測詞義的方法很多，其中一條是根據定義或解釋來猜測其意義。這種情況下，生詞往往出現在前面，定義或解釋往往跟在生詞的后面，由or或破折號引出。生詞的意義也就清楚了。復述也是一種解釋方法，即用不同的詞語重復表達同一內容。復述部分可以是單詞、短語，也可以是從句或句子。在做這類題時，要注意復述和被復述部分往往構成同位語關系，在句中多用逗號連接，有時也用破折號、冒號或分號來連接。有時他們中間還常常插入一個起解釋作用的標志語如or，or rather，that is to say，that is，namely，in other words 等來強調這種同位關系。

　　例：（2010.福建，B 篇）

　　Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995;by 2005 the number had climbed about 60%.That is some way behind the U.S.,where there are more TVs than people, and where people now easily get access to the internet. Five millions more families in Sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005, after the fall of Taliban, which had outlawed TV,1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2024-pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.

　　60.The underlined word “outlawed攊n Paragraph 2 probably means?

　　?

　　s aA. allowed

　　B. banned

　　C.

　　offered

　　D. refused

　　分析;由文意可知，2005年塔利班垮臺以后，1／5的啊富汗人有了電視，說明在這之前電視是禁止的。故答案選B，ban“禁止”。

　　通過原因或結果關系猜測詞義

　　文章中的上下文常常有因果關系，根據結果可以推測出原因。例如：because，since，as是連接原因狀語從句的連詞；so．．．that與such．．．that中的that是連接結果狀語從句的連詞。當這些信息詞出現在有生詞的句子中時，可以通過因果關系猜測生詞含義。

　　例：（2010.全國Ⅱ，E 篇）

　　I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly

　　relish the long train journey and had brought a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.

　　73.Which of following words can best take the place of the word 搑lelish攊n the second paragraph?

　　A. choose

　　B. enjoy

　　C. prepare for

　　D. carry on

　　.分析;根據語境“我不是特別．．．．．．乘火車長途旅行，于是帶了一些雜志反復地讀，消磨時間。”可推知“relish”意為“喜歡”，與enjoy同義。故答案為B 項。

　　3．根據對比關系猜測詞義

　　這類題的上下文提示不是作者對生詞、難詞所做的解釋和說明，而是需要讀者運用語言知識和分析能力去細心搜尋和領悟相關信息之間存在的種種邏輯關系。根據這種邏輯關系所提供的思路和范圍，來分析判斷有關詞的詞義或相近的意義，從而達到理解全文思想內容的目的。轉折詞but，讓步狀語從句及unlike，in spite of，despite，however等一些介詞和副詞都可以幫助構成意義上的對比關系。

　　例;(2010.湖北，B篇)

　　For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?

　　Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents＇point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents＇complete unreasonableness. And of course,

　　the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. Both feel trapped.

　　56. What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 mean?

　　A．The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.

　　B. The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.

　　C. The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.

　　D. The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents.

　　分析:句意解題。前面的“In part， this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it。”指出，雙方都不愿意為發生沖突承擔責任，接著講述了父母們的看法，畫線句子說到孩子與父母看法相同，只是方向相反，他們認為是父母的“無理”導致沖突。故選A。

　　4．利用常識、自己的經驗、經歷及社會、科技等方面知識猜測詞義

　　有時碰到生詞，也不必驚慌。根據上下文或整句的理解，運用常識或相關的知識，也能猜出該生詞的含義。

　　例：（2010.全國Ⅱ，C 篇）

　　Beijing＇s skiing craze is partly a result of the recent increase in private car. This has led to the growth of a

　　leisure industry in the capital＇s suburbs ,which until the late-1990s were unreachable to ordinary people. According to Mr. Wei, about 40% of the visitors to his resort come in their own car. The rest are bused in by schools, businesses or government offices.

　　52. The underlined words “leisure industry”in paragraph 3 refer to

　　A. transport to ski resorts

　　B. production of family cars

　　C. businesses of providing spare time enjoyments

　　D. part-time work for people living in the suburbs

　　分析：私家車的增加說明人們的生活水平提高了，娛樂活動隨之增加，同時也就促進了滑雪之類行業的發展，由此可推知畫線部分的含義是“休閑也”。故選C。

　　5.構詞法猜測詞義

　　合成法。合成詞是由兩個或兩個以上的單詞構成的。遇到這類生詞時可根據合成法來猜測詞義。

　　英語的合成詞有合成形容詞、合成名詞等。合成形容詞的構成方法如下:

　　形容詞+現在分詞，如 good-looking好看的

　　副詞+現在分詞，如 hard-working辛勤的

　　名詞+過去分詞，如 state-owned國有的

　　名詞+現在分詞，如 peace-loving愛好和平的

　　合成名詞常見的方式有：

　　名詞+名詞，如 silkworm蠶

　　形容詞+名詞，如 shorthand速記

　　現在分詞+名詞，如waiting-room候車室

　　動詞+名詞，如 pickpocket扒手

　　派生法。派生法，即在詞根的基礎上加上前綴、后綴，便可構成另一單詞。只要掌握了詞根和前后綴的含義，就可推測出它們組成新詞的詞義。

　　詞根是的基本含義，前綴改變詞義，后綴改變詞性。如 depend動詞——dependence名詞——independence（獨立）名詞。

　　閱讀理解詞義猜測題解題技巧

　　考情分析

　　詞義猜測題主要考查考生根據文章內容和所學知識推測詞義的能力，包括考查生詞詞義和熟詞新義，或是一些短語的引申意義或是一句話的含義。今幾年來的高考閱讀理解題中，詞義猜測類題越來越受到命題者的青睞，如2011年高考試題中，大部分地區的試卷都有詞義猜測題，有的地區的一套試卷上甚至出現了2~3道詞義猜測題，預計2024年各地高考也將會不同 程度地考查考生對詞義的理解能力。

　　要點突破

　　詞義猜測題常見的命題形式有;

　　What does the

　　underlined word “…”mean in the passage?

　　The word“…”refer to/probably means

　　.

　　The underlined word “…”in Paragraph…means

　　.

　　What do you think the expression“

　　”stands for?

　　“

　　”as used in the passage can best be defined as

　　.

　　猜測詞義的方法和技巧

　　根據定義、解釋和復述猜測詞義

　　猜測詞義的方法很多，其中一條是根據定義或解釋來猜測其意義。這種情況下，生詞往往出現在前面，定義或解釋往往跟在生詞的后面，由or或破折號引出。生詞的意義也就清楚了。復述也是一種解釋方法，即用不同的詞語重復表達同一內容。復述部分可以是單詞、短語，也可以是從句或句子。在做這類題時，要注意復述和被復述部分往往構成同位語關系，在句中多用逗號連接，有時也用破折號、冒號或分號來連接。有時他們中間還常常插入一個起解釋作用的標志語如or，or rather，that is to say，that is，namely，in other words 等來強調這種同位關系。

　　例：（2010.福建，B 篇）

　　Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995;by 2005 the number had climbed about 60%.That is some way behind the U.S.,where there are more TVs than people, and where people now easily get access to the internet. Five millions more families in Sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005, after the fall of Taliban, which had outlawed TV,1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2024-pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.

　　60.The underlined word “outlawed攊n Paragraph 2 probably means?

　　?

　　s aA. allowed

　　B. banned

　　C.

　　offered

　　D. refused

　　分析;由文意可知，2005年塔利班垮臺以后，1／5的啊富汗人有了電視，說明在這之前電視是禁止的。故答案選B，ban“禁止”。

　　通過原因或結果關系猜測詞義

　　文章中的上下文常常有因果關系，根據結果可以推測出原因。例如：because，since，as是連接原因狀語從句的連詞；so．．．that與such．．．that中的that是連接結果狀語從句的連詞。當這些信息詞出現在有生詞的句子中時，可以通過因果關系猜測生詞含義。

　　例：（2010.全國Ⅱ，E 篇）

　　I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly

　　relish the long train journey and had brought a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.

　　73.Which of following words can best take the place of the word 搑lelish攊n the second paragraph?

　　A. choose

　　B. enjoy

　　C. prepare for

　　D. carry on

　　.分析;根據語境“我不是特別．．．．．．乘火車長途旅行，于是帶了一些雜志反復地讀，消磨時間。”可推知“relish”意為“喜歡”，與enjoy同義。故答案為B 項。

　　3．根據對比關系猜測詞義

　　這類題的上下文提示不是作者對生詞、難詞所做的解釋和說明，而是需要讀者運用語言知識和分析能力去細心搜尋和領悟相關信息之間存在的種種邏輯關系。根據這種邏輯關系所提供的思路和范圍，來分析判斷有關詞的詞義或相近的意義，從而達到理解全文思想內容的目的。轉折詞but，讓步狀語從句及unlike，in spite of，despite，however等一些介詞和副詞都可以幫助構成意義上的對比關系。

　　例;(2010.湖北，B篇)

　　For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?

　　Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents＇point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents＇complete unreasonableness. And of course,

　　the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. Both feel trapped.

　　56. What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 mean?

　　A．The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.

　　B. The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.

　　C. The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.

　　D. The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents.

　　分析:句意解題。前面的“In part， this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it。”指出，雙方都不愿意為發生沖突承擔責任，接著講述了父母們的看法，畫線句子說到孩子與父母看法相同，只是方向相反，他們認為是父母的“無理”導致沖突。故選A。

　　4．利用常識、自己的經驗、經歷及社會、科技等方面知識猜測詞義

　　有時碰到生詞，也不必驚慌。根據上下文或整句的理解，運用常識或相關的知識，也能猜出該生詞的含義。

　　例：（2010.全國Ⅱ，C 篇）

　　Beijing＇s skiing craze is partly a result of the recent increase in private car. This has led to the growth of a

　　leisure industry in the capital＇s suburbs ,which until the late-1990s were unreachable to ordinary people. According to Mr. Wei, about 40% of the visitors to his resort come in their own car. The rest are bused in by schools, businesses or government offices.

　　52. The underlined words “leisure industry”in paragraph 3 refer to

　　A. transport to ski resorts

　　B. production of family cars

　　C. businesses of providing spare time enjoyments

　　D. part-time work for people living in the suburbs

　　分析：私家車的增加說明人們的生活水平提高了，娛樂活動隨之增加，同時也就促進了滑雪之類行業的發展，由此可推知畫線部分的含義是“休閑也”。故選C。

　　5.構詞法猜測詞義

　　合成法。合成詞是由兩個或兩個以上的單詞構成的。遇到這類生詞時可根據合成法來猜測詞義。

　　英語的合成詞有合成形容詞、合成名詞等。合成形容詞的構成方法如下:

　　形容詞+現在分詞，如 good-looking好看的

　　副詞+現在分詞，如 hard-working辛勤的

　　名詞+過去分詞，如 state-owned國有的

　　名詞+現在分詞，如 peace-loving愛好和平的

　　合成名詞常見的方式有：

　　名詞+名詞，如 silkworm蠶

　　形容詞+名詞，如 shorthand速記

　　現在分詞+名詞，如waiting-room候車室

　　動詞+名詞，如 pickpocket扒手

　　派生法。派生法，即在詞根的基礎上加上前綴、后綴，便可構成另一單詞。只要掌握了詞根和前后綴的含義，就可推測出它們組成新詞的詞義。

　　詞根是的基本含義，前綴改變詞義，后綴改變詞性。如 depend動詞——dependence名詞——independence（獨立）名詞。