2024屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專題課件：第3部分句法篇專題1 定語從句（外研版）

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　　2.從句成分殘缺式 (誤)Those who against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city. (正)Those who are against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city. 第一句定語從句的謂語不完整。介詞against不能單獨作謂語。 3.畫蛇添足式 (誤)As can be seen from the picture，that a sad boy stands between his angry parents. (誤)As can be seen from the picture，a man who is talking happily. (誤)I have many collections of stamps，and some of which are my favorite. 第一句中關(guān)系代詞as代替逗號后面的整個主句，因此主句是不需要連接詞來引導(dǎo)的。所以，應(yīng)去掉that。第二句中同樣as代替逗號后面的整個主句，主句中的who是多余的。第三句中如果要滿足定語從句的話，顯然并列連詞and是多余的。返回模擬強(qiáng)化練 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1.According to Dr. Lance Workman，these people may develop a temporary moral code in their minds

　　justifies their actions：there are rich people who have things I don’t have so it’s right that I take it. 解析　which/that引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作主語。 which/that 解析答案 2.This is the very factory

　　they visited last summer holiday. 解析　先行詞為factory，其前有very修飾，定語從句只能用that引導(dǎo)。 3.When facing hardships，only those

　　are confident will achieve success. 解析　關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾前面的those(那些人)。 4.That evening，

　　I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late. 解析　本題考查定語從句。先行詞為that evening，將先行詞代入定語從句后為：I will tell you more about that evening later，由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作about的賓語，且表示“物”，故用which引導(dǎo)。 that who which

　　解析答案 5.I wish to thank Professor Smith，without

　　help I would never have got this far. 解析　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處為定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞為Professor Smith，將先行詞代入定語從句后為：Without Professor Smith’s help I would never have got this far，由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作help的定語，故答案為whose。 whose 解析答案 6.After the flooding，people were suffering in that area，

　　urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive. 解析　本題考查非限制性定語從句。將先行詞people代入定語從句后為：people urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive，可知先行詞在從句中作主語，所以用who。 7.We live in an age

　　more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 解析　本題考查定語從句。先行詞是age，因為關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作時間狀語，故用when引導(dǎo)。 who when 解析答案 8.The next day，my brother and I went to the beach

　　we watched some people play volleyball. 解析　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作地點狀語。 9.He wrote many children’s books，nearly half of

　　were published in the 1990s. 解析　根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處考查非限制性定語從句，從句中缺少主語，代指前面的先行詞books，故應(yīng)填which。 where which 解析答案 10.We’ll reach the sales targets in a month

　　we set at the beginning of the year. 解析　考查分割式定語從句，先行詞the sales targets與關(guān)系代詞which/that被in a month隔開，先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)動詞set的賓語，故填which/that。 which/that 解析答案 Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題1處錯誤) 1.I’ve never heard of the people and things which you talked about just now. 答案　which→that 2.This is the only question which has been answered. 答案　which→that 3.This is the museum where we visited last Sunday. 答案　where→which/that或去掉where 4.We have made the same mistake which you made last time. 答案　which→as 答案 5.I shall never forget the years I spent in the country with the farmers，that has a great effect on my life. 答案　that→which 6.A young man had a new girlfriend，who he wanted to impress. 答案　who→whom 7.I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together. 答案　when→which/that或去掉when 8.The visitors saw rows of houses，the roofs of whose are red. 答案　whose→which 答案 9.Please tell me the way which you did the job. 答案　which→that或去掉which或which前加in 10.Little has been done what is helpful to our work. 答案　what→that 答案 Ⅲ.語法填空 A(定語從句專練) Yangshuo，China It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours before，I’d been at home in Hong Kong,1.

　　I breathed with its choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain. I’d skipped nearby Guilin,2.

　　is a dream place for tourists 3.

　　seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 4.

　　are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those 5.

　　fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better--known city. where which who/that that/which who 答案 Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers 6.

　　was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 7.

　　are famous in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 8.

　　are in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent,9.

　　is a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 10.

　　live in Shanghai and Hong Kong. that/which that/which that which who/that 答案 B There was a boy who was excellent at his study except for his poor handwriting.One day he made up

　　11.

　　mind to improve it.With the strong will，he made use of old newspapers to write on to reduce his family’s burden.12.

　　time went on，he found that little progress was made 13.

　　he had practised a lot，which made him quite upset. his As although/though 答案

　　14.

　　(disappoint)，he turned to his teacher for help.After hearing his story，the teacher 15.

　　(advise) him to use the best paper rather than the old newspapers.Much to his puzzle as well as delight，by following his teacher’s 16.

　　(suggest)，he did make it.The teacher then explained to him，“the key

　　17.

　　your success is that you couldn’t take it seriously with so many old newspapers.18.

　　you wrote it well or not didn’t matter at all .Instead，while using the paper，you treasure it because it costs you much.Therefore，you devote yourself to 19.

　　(prastise) so as not to waste the best paper and the money.” Disappointed advised suggestion to whether practising 答案

　　So do you treasure everyday by leading 20.

　　meaningful life or do you regard your daily life just as “the old newspapers”？ a 答案返回 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 第三部分

　　句法篇核心考點精析定語從句在高考中的應(yīng)用模擬強(qiáng)化練 1 2 3 核心考點精析 1.功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語。 2.位置：定語從句置于被修飾詞之后。 Those who are for the plan raise your hands，please. 3.先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞。先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如：some-，any-，every-，no- 與 -body，-thing的合成詞；或all，none，any，some，that，those等代詞。數(shù)詞和人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。 4.關(guān)系詞：連接先行詞與從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系代詞：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等。關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why等。 5.確定關(guān)系詞的步驟： (1)先找先行詞，看先行詞指的是什么。 (2)看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?注意：先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。 (1)先行詞在從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. (2)關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充當(dāng)了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。 There are many places we can visit (them) in China. 6.在定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時，下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which： (1)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾時。 (2)先行詞被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few等修飾時。 (3)先行詞為all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代詞時。 (4)先行詞中既有人又有物時。 He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus. (5)先行詞在主句中作表語時。 The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. (6)當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時。 Which are the books that you bought for me? 7.宜用which而不用that的情況： (1)在非限制性定語從句中。 (2)在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時。 (3)當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時。 (4)關(guān)系詞后有插入語時。 8.關(guān)系詞who與that指人時，根據(jù)不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞。 (1)當(dāng)主句是there be句型時，關(guān)系詞用who。 (2)先行詞是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等詞時，關(guān)系詞用who。 (3)當(dāng)主句是who作疑問詞時，關(guān)系詞用that。 Who is that girl that is standing by the window? (4)whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who取代。 9.whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語。 Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving? There is a room，whose window faces the river. 10.關(guān)系代詞as在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。 (1)先行詞被such和the same修飾，或句型as many(much)中，從句都用as 引導(dǎo)。 Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago. 注意：①such...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。如：They are such lovely children that we love them much。②the same...that...引導(dǎo)定語從句。如：I want to use the same tool that you used just now. (2)先行詞為句子的定語從句用as和which引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別：①意義上：as 含有“這點正如……一樣”。②位置上：as 從句可置句首，也可在另處。which引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句只能放在主句之后。 He didn’t pass the exam，as we had expected. There is lots of air in loose snow，which can keep the cold out. As is known，the earth is round. 11.關(guān)系副詞when與where，why，that when 指時間＝in/at/on/during which where指地點＝in/at/from which why指原因＝for which that可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞之后，取代when，where，why和“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾的先行詞常為the way，the time，the day，the place等，在口語中that常被省略。 I don’t like the way (that/in which) he talks. This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French. 12.必須注意的問題： (1)關(guān)系詞作主語時，從句中謂語的數(shù)。 (2)注意區(qū)別定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。 ①定語從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復(fù)合句。 ②強(qiáng)調(diào)句中it無意義，that/who不是引導(dǎo)詞。 ③去掉it is/was和that/who后，如果句子意思講得通則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，講不通則不是。 It is the museum that/which we visited last year.(定語從句) It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句) (3)定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。 ①定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，that充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語，有時可省略。 ②同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞被叫做連接詞，that不充當(dāng)任何成分，不可省。 Word came that their army was defeated.(同位語從句) We expressed to them our wish that was the same as theirs.(定語從句) (4)關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況。 ①關(guān)系詞作賓語，前無介詞時。 ②關(guān)系詞作表語。 (5)關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是which和whom。 (6)幾個特殊的定語從句句型： ①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.(句中one為先行詞) He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中students為先行詞) ②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday? Is this the place (that/which) we visited yesterday? ③He stood at the window，from where he could see what was happening. ④It may rain，in which case the match will be put off. 返回定語從句高考中的應(yīng)用 ◆定語從句與語法填空定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞以及介詞的選用是語法填空題中的考查點。首先判斷是否是定語從句是做題的關(guān)鍵，其次判斷關(guān)系詞充當(dāng)何種成分，確定答案。有些特殊的定語從句，如分割式定語從句和插入式定語從句，一定要先確定先行詞，然后再判斷作何成分，最后確定用何關(guān)系詞。典題試做1 在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞 1.When harvest came around，he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cotton in the market

　　people from the towns met regularly.(2024·廣東) 解析　根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷，在這里應(yīng)填關(guān)系詞來引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，修飾表地點的先行詞the market，故填where。 where 解析答案 2.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit

　　is driving your family crazy.(2024·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ) 解析　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。定語從句的先行詞為前面的habit，而該定語從句缺少主語，因此要用that或which引導(dǎo)。 3.People should not do things

　　will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily.(2024·湖南) 解析　本句中含有定語從句，先行詞是things，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，可以使用which或that引導(dǎo)定語從句。 that/which which/that

　　解析答案 4.Nick’s guests，

　　had heard their conversation，asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.(2024·廣東) 解析　該空需填一個定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞為Nick’s guests，指人，故引導(dǎo)詞用who。 5.Of course whenever they turned to look at him，they had to look at Mary，

　　made her feel like a star.(2024·廣東) 解析　由逗號可知此處是一個非限制性定語從句，修飾前面整個句子所表述的內(nèi)容，故用which引導(dǎo)。 who which

　　解析答案 6.Behind him were other people to

　　he was trying to talk，but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed. (2011·廣東) 解析　此處是一個定語從句，缺少關(guān)系代詞，因為先行詞為other people，指的是人，而且與介詞to連用，所以填whom。 whom 解析答案應(yīng)對策略1 一旦判斷是定語從句，就根據(jù)定語從句的先行詞和代表先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分，來確定關(guān)系詞。若在從句中作主語和賓語，就用關(guān)系代詞；若作狀語，就用關(guān)系副詞。 ◆定語從句與短文改錯短文改錯中對于定語從句的考查主要涉及限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的錯用。典題試做2 單句改錯(每小題1處錯誤) 1.Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.(2024·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ) 答案　that→which 2.Third，we should find ways to reuse the water used in washing，especially bath water for which is quite a lot，and that will save much water.(2024·大綱全國Ⅱ) 解析　此處考查which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，which在從句中作主語，從句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，句子成分齊全，for在此處多余，故去掉。答案　去掉for 解析答案 3.There，Katia will introduce me to some of her friends，one of who has been to China several times.I just can’t wait.(2011·重慶) 解析　非限制性定語從句中“介詞of＋whom”，不能用who。答案　who→whom 4.It turned out to be her own cup，that she’d left on the shelf by mistake.(2010·陜西) 解析　逗號后為非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞 her own cup，故應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)，不能用that。答案　that→which 解析答案 5.One day I saw a second--hand bicycle，that was only one hundred yuan.(2009·遼寧) 解析　逗號后為非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞a second--hand bicycle，故應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)。答案　that→which 解析答案應(yīng)對策略2 確定定語從句中關(guān)系詞的步驟： 1.找出先行詞； 2.看先行詞被代入從句后在句子中的成分(作主語、賓語還是狀語)； 3.選擇合適的關(guān)系詞。 ◆書面表達(dá)中定語從句易錯點聚焦 (一)定語從句意識缺失 1.關(guān)系代詞被普通代詞取代 (誤)I have many collections of stamps，some of them are my favorite. (正)I have many collections of stamps，some of which are my favorite. 2.關(guān)系代詞遺漏 (誤)The last one leaves the classroom please close the windows. (正)The last one who leaves the classroom please close the windows. 第一句從漢語意思角度是對的，但是漢語的干擾破壞了英語句式結(jié)構(gòu)。 (二)假冒偽劣的定語從句 1.有從無主式 (誤)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates. (正)My friend Jane is very friendly to us classmates. (正)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates，has a variety of hobbies. 第一句虎頭蛇尾，屬于有從無主式的句子，即有從句但沒有主句。 * * * * * * * * * * * * *