2024屆江蘇宿遷宿豫中學高考英語專題復習精練：閱讀理解（3）

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　　閱讀理解（3）

　　It happened to me recently. I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama's Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President. A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was, in his words,

　　“a brilliantly (精彩地) written

　　book”.

　　However,

　　he then went on to talk about Mr. Obama in a way

　　which suggested

　　he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.

　　And it seems that my friend is not the only one. Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven't.

　　In the World Book Day's “Report on Guilty Secrets”， Dreams From My Father is at number 9.

　　The

　　report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading, and as I'm not one to lie too often (I'd hate to be caught out), I'll admit here and now that I haven't read the entire top ten. But I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwell's 1984.

　　I think it's really brilliant.

　　The World Book Day report also has some other interesting

　　information in it.

　　It says that many people lie about having read

　　Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoevsky (I haven't read him, but haven't lied about it either) and Herman Melville.

　　Asked why they lied, the most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to. This could be tricky if the conversation became more in-depth!

　　But when asked which authors they actually enjoy, people named J．K.

　　Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words). Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story (I'll come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so)．

　　1．How did the author find his friend a book liar?

　　A. By judging his manner of speaking.

　　B. By looking into his background.

　　C. By mentioning a famous name.

　　D. By discussing the book itself.

　　2．Which of the following is a “guilty secret”

　　according to the World Book Day report?

　　A. Charles Dickens is very low on the top-ten list.

　　B. 42% of people pretended to have read 1984.

　　C. The author admitted having read 9 books.

　　D. Dreams From My Father is hardly read.

　　3．By lying about reading, a person hopes to

　　________.

　　control the conversation

　　appear knowledgeable

　　C. learn about the book

　　D. make more friends

　　4．What is the author's attitude to 58% of readers?

　　A. Favorable.

　　B. Uncaring.

　　C. Doubtful.

　　D. Friendly.

　　[文章大意]　世界讀書日的一個調查報告表明：有些人撒謊說他們讀過某本書，其實他們根本沒有讀。他們撒謊主要是想給別人留下深刻的印象。

　　1．D。考查細節理解。根據第一段的倒數第二句可知，作者與朋友進一步交流對奧巴馬所寫的書的看法。根據朋友所說的話，作者斷定他根本沒有讀過這本書。

　　2．B。考查細節理解。根據第二段的倒數第二句并結合上文“The report lists ten books, and various authors, which people have lied about reading”可知，42%的人撒謊說讀過《1984》這本書。

　　3．B。考查推理判斷。根據文章第四段的第一句可知，撒謊說讀過某本書的人是為了給別人留下深刻的印象，由此可推知B項正確。

　　4．C。考查態度推斷。根據文章第五段中的“am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so”可知，作者對58%的人說的話感到吃驚，即他對這些話的真實性表示懷疑。

　　Mom and dad are two of the most important people in your life.

　　And they're likely to influence you more than anyone else.

　　It's parents' job to love and guide kids — and most parents will do this as long as they live, even when the “kids”

　　are grown-ups and have children of their own. That means you have many years ahead to share with your mom and dad. So how to get along with parents?

　　Spend time together. When at home, ask your mom and dad to play with you instead of playing a computer game or watching TV. Go outside together, try a board game, or read a book out loud.

　　Share your feelings and ask for help.

　　Many kids say they'd like their parents to help them when they're upset.

　　But your mom or dad might not know that you're having a problem.Tell a parent if you're sad or struggling with something.

　　Be kind.

　　Little things might mean a lot to your mom or dad.

　　You can brighten a parent's day with a hug，a card, or a joke.

　　It's also lovely when a kid offers to help fold the laundry or cleans up his or her room without being asked.

　　________.Some families are always kissing and huggiing，and saying “I love you”，while other families may not do like that. But it's important to show that you care for each other. In addition to kisses and hugs, kids and parents show their love by respecting each other, and being polite and thoughtful.

　　Do your best at whatever you do. You don't have to be perfect, but when you do your best, you make your parents proud. It makes them happy to see how you're turning into such a great kid.

　　5. The writer wrote this passage________.

　　A. to ask parents to help their kids when they are upset

　　B．to show the importance of building a good relationship between kids and parents

　　C．to give kids advice on how to build a close relationship with parents

　　D．to advise parents to pay attention to their words and deeds

　　6. If you want to make your parents proud, you should________.

　　A. do whatever your parents ask you to do

　　B. respect your parents by showing your love and care

　　C. spend as much time as possible together with them

　　D. try your best to do whatever you do

　　7．Which can be filled into the blank in Paragraph 5?

　　A. Show your respect

　　Show your concern

　　C. Give a hand

　　D. Share your experiences

　　8. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．Your parents may influence you more than anyone else.

　　B．Play with parents when at home rather than play computer games or watch TV.

　　C．Kids are unwilling to share their feelings with parents.

　　D．Little things such as a hug can make your parents happy.

　　[文章大意] 　本文為說明文。父母是我們一生中對我們影響最大的人，我們要和父母共度很長的時間，那么如何和父母建立親近的關系呢？作者就如何與父母相處給出了一些建議。

　　5．C。考查寫作意圖。根據第一段中的“So how to get along with parents？”可知，作者寫作的意圖是：給我們一些與父母相處的建議。

　　6．D。考查細節理解。根據最后一段的內容可知，D項正確。

　　7．B。考查段落大意。本條建議的中心內容是“it's important to show that you care for each other”，也是本段的主旨。

　　8．C。考查細節判斷。根據第三段中的“Many kids say they'd like their parents to help them when they're upset”可知，答案為C。

　　Three people who received a kidney, heart and liver from a donor who had rabies(狂犬病) appear to be in good health, despite going months without treatment for the infection, according to a new report. In March, health officials reported that one man had died from a kidney transplant because the kidney came from a donor infected with rabies.

　　None of the patients had signs of rabies infection, even though 18 months had passed since their transplants. Before these cases, researchers thought that rabies transmission after transplantation would be rapid, occurring within six weeks. People who receive transplants typically take drugs to suppress (抑制) their immune systems,

　　making infections even more likely.

　　The three patients received rabies treatment, and still show no signs of illness. It's possible that the type of rabies virus that infected these patients takes a longer time to make people sick,

　　the researchers said.

　　Patients may also have been exposed to a low dose of the virus. The report raises questions about how rabies viruses spread after transplantation，and where they live in the body when the infection is not active,

　　said the

　　researchers from the

　　Centers

　　for Disease Control and Prevention.

　　Because rabies infections are so rare, screening all organ donors for rabies infections is not practical, the researchers said. However, doctors should develop

　　a plan to help them recognize infectious encephalitis — a brain infection that can be caused by rabies — in donors. Organs from donors with infectious encephalitis should only be used in extreme circumstances, the researchers said.

　　The donor in this case frequently engaged in hunting and animal trapping, and had got many bites from a raccoon(浣熊) before his death.

　　Although the donor's family was asked whether the

　　donor had

　　been

　　exposed

　　rabid(患狂犬病的)animals, they said he had not. More specific questions about risk for exposure to rabid animals — questions such as: whether a donor spent a lot of time interacting with wildlife－may be a more effective way to screen organ donors, the researchers said.

　　1．Before the cases in the passage it was generally believed that________.

　　A. there was a great risk in receiving organ transplant

　　B. rabies transmission spread fast after transplantation

　　C. the organ recipient would have to take a lot of drugs

　　the immune system was easily infected after transplantation

　　2．After the three patients were contacted________.

　　they showed signs of being infected with rabies

　　B. they felt incredibly scared and embarrassed

　　C. they received some related physical examination

　　D. they got treated for rabies from organ transplant

　　3．What does the fourth paragraph imply?

　　A. It is quite easy to find rabies infections in donors.

　　People with encephalitis are safe donors.

　　Donors with encephalitis should be avoided in any case.

　　D. Organ donors should be in a state of good health.

　　[文章大意]　美國一名患狂犬病的男子死后將器官捐贈給3個病人，至今他們仍未顯現任何被傳染的跡象。但近期卻有一個病人死于狂犬病人的器官捐贈，對此研究人員進行了調查。

　　1．B。細節理解題。根據文章第二段的第二句可知，在這種情況發生之前，研究人員認為，器官移植后狂犬病病毒會加速傳播。故選B項。

　　2．C。推理判斷題。根據文章第三段中的“The three patients received

　　rabies treatment，and still show no signs of illness.”可知，相關人員找到這三位受捐者后，給他們做了身體檢查。故選C項。

　　3．C。推理判斷題。根據文章第四段的最后一句可知，患有傳染性腦炎的病人的供體器官可用于極端情況中。故選C項。

　　Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can't make us tired. It sounds absurd. But a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲勞).

　　To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素)

　　and fatigue products. But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.

　　So far as the brain is concerned, it can

　　work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning. The brain is totally tireless. So what makes us tired?

　　Some scientists declare that most of our

　　fatigue comes from our mental and emotional (情感的) attitudes. One of England's most outstanding scientists,

　　J. A.

　　Hadfield, says,

　　“The greater

　　part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.

　　In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.”

　　Dr. Brill,

　　a famous American scientist, goes even further. He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”

　　What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated－those

　　are

　　the emotions that tire sitting workers. Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue. We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.

　　1．What surprised the scientists a few years ago?

　　A. Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer's

　　blood.

　　B. Albert Einstein didn't feel worn out after a day's work.

　　C. The brain could work for many hours without fatigue.

　　D. A mental worker's blood was filled with fatigue toxins.

　　2．According to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired?

　　A. Challenging mental work. B. Unpleasant emotions.

　　C. Endless tasks. D. Physical labor.

　　3．What's the author's attitude towards the scientists' ideas?

　　A. He agrees with them.B. He doubts them.

　　C. He argues against them. D. He hesitates to accept them.

　　4．We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic, sitting workers need to

　　________.

　　A. have some good food

　　B. enjoy their work

　　C. exercise regularly

　　D. discover fatigue toxins

　　[文章大意]　與常人的認識截然相反，有研究表明人的大腦不會疲勞，造成疲勞感的是人的情緒和情感，而不是大腦的反應。

　　1．C。考查細節理解。根據第一段中的“But a few years ago，scientists tried to find out how long...”和后面的“To the amazement of these scientists...no fatigue at all”可知，許多年前，科學家們驚訝地發現人的大腦是不知疲倦的。

　　2．B。考查細節理解。根據文章倒數第二段第一句中的“...comes from our mental and emotional(情感的)attitudes”和該段最后的“due to emotional problems”可知，導致sitting workers疲勞的是情感問題。

　　3．A。考查作者態度。作者雖然沒有直接表達個人的態度，但是通過文章的措辭和語氣不難看出，作者是支持科學家的觀點的。文章第一句開篇就點明“an astonishing and significant fact”，另外，全文以第一人稱復數形式進行陳述，并且穿插了有關科學家的例子和觀點，這些都能幫助我們把握作者的弦外之音。