2024屆高考英語一輪復習語法訓練：第一講 冠詞（北師大版）
集釋(一) “語境考查類”語法項目
第一講冠__詞
單句語法填空
1．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ語法填空)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.
2．(2024·廣東高考語法填空)Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned a farm, which looked almost abandoned.
3．(2024·浙江高考改編)Jane's grandmother had wanted to write a children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in the way.
4．(2024·陜西高考改編)The more learned a man is, the more modest he usually becomes.
5．(2024·重慶高考改編)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.
一、不定冠詞
(一)不定冠詞的基本用法
1．表示泛指某個人或事物。
I met a friend of yours today as I hurried off to work.
今天我在趕著去上班的路上遇到了你的一位朋友。
2．用在第一次提到的單數可數名詞前，表示泛指。
My friend John is a handsome young man, a young man everyone likes to work with.
我的朋友約翰是一個英俊的年輕人，一個人人都喜歡與他共事的年輕人。
3．表示“某一個”，相當于a certain。
I remember he came here on a Sunday and left soon.
我記得他在某個星期天來過，并且很快就離開了。
4．用在序數詞前，表示“再一，又一”。
He missed the gold medal in the high jump, but he will get a second chance in the long jump.
他在跳高比賽中錯失了金牌，但是在跳遠比賽中他還有機會。
5．用在形容詞的比較等級前，表示“一個更……的”。
If we sit near the front of the bus, we'll have a better view.
如果我們坐在公共汽車的前部，視野就會更好些。
6．用于物質名詞或抽象名詞具體化時。
物質名詞或抽象名詞僅表示概念時，是不可數名詞，前面不加不定冠詞。但如果表示具體的人或事，特別是前面有形容詞修飾時，就變成了可數名詞，前面可加不定冠詞。
Tony is a famous pianist. I'm absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will be a success.
托尼是一位著名的鋼琴家，我十分確信這個星期天他的音樂會一定成功。
(二)固定搭配中的不定冠詞
不定冠詞常用于某些固定搭配中，常見的有：
have a gift for有……的天賦 have a holiday度假
get a lift/ride搭便車
pay a visit to參觀
lend sb. a hand幫助某人
as a result因此
as a rule通常，照例
in a hurry匆忙地
at a distance離一段距離
a waste of……的浪費
What a pity！真遺憾！
be/go on a diet節食
a collection of一批……
a knowledge of知道
have a good time玩得高興
make a living謀生
as a matter of fact事實上
have a history of有……歷史
in a sense/way在某種意義上
for a while暫時，一時
all of a sudden突然
a matter of……的問題
have a population of有……人口
cover an area of占……的面積
You can ask anyone for help. Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.(2024·安徽高考單選)
你可以向任何人求助，這里的每個人都樂意幫助你。
二、定冠詞
(一)定冠詞的基本用法
1．特指雙方都知道的或上文提到過的人或物。
I went to a university in New Zealand. The university was founded in the early twentieth century.
我在新西蘭的一所大學就讀，這所大學建立于20世紀初。
2．用于單數可數名詞或形容詞前，表示一類人或物。
①As we all know, the brain is the centre of thought.
眾所周知，大腦是思維的中心。
②As a matter of fact, the rich aren't always happy.
事實上富人并非總是快樂的。
———————————————————————————————————————
“the＋adj.”表示一類人的常用短語：
the rich富人the dead死者
the poor窮人
the aged老人
the old老人
the living活著的人
the young年輕人
the injured/wounded受傷的人
—————————————————————————————————————
3．用于序數詞和形容詞或副詞最高級以及形容詞only, very, same等之前。
①Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.
在中國楊利偉是第一個登上太空的人。
②Now, years later, this river is one of the most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ語法填空)
在數年之后的現在，這條河成為了環境治理的最突出的范例之一。
4．用于被限制性修飾語加以限制的人或物前。
The village where I was born has grown into a town.(2024·陜西高考單選)
我出生的村莊已變成了一個城鎮。
5．用于表示朝代、年代的名詞前，或用于整十的數詞復數前，表示某個年代。
As is well known to us all, the Second World War broke out in the thirties.
眾所周知，二戰爆發于30年代。
6．用于表示姓氏的復數名詞前，表示一家人或夫婦倆。
The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours.
史密斯夫婦住在我們樓上的公寓里。
7．用于世界上獨一無二的事物前。
No one knows exactly how the moon came into existence, as it happened so long ago.
沒有人確切知道月球是怎樣形成的，因為這發生在很久之前。
8．用于被演奏的西洋樂器前。
As far as I know, he likes playing the piano.
據我所知，他喜歡彈鋼琴。
(二)固定結構及固定短語中的定冠詞
1．固定結構中的定冠詞
(1)用于“by＋the＋表示計量單位的名詞”結構中，表示“按……計算”。
—It's said that John will be in a job paying over D|S60,000 a year.
—Right, he will also get paid by the week.
——據說，約翰將獲得一個年薪超過6萬美元的工作。
——是的，他的工資還將按周支付。
(2)用于“動詞＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋身體某一部位”結構中。
His nose bled when the thief hit him in the face.
那個賊打到了他的臉，他鼻子出血了。
(3)用于the more ... the more ...(越……越……)結構中。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
你越小心，就會越少犯錯誤。
2．固定短語中的定冠詞
at the moment此刻；目前in the end 最后，最終
to tell the truth說實話
on the other hand另一方面
by the way順便說一下
in the middle of在……中間
at the same time同時
on the contrary相反
on the whole總的來說
in the distance在遠處
to the point 中肯；切題
make the most/best of充分利用
go to the cinema/theater去看電影/戲劇
Now that you have such a good chance, you'd better make the best of every minute to achieve your goal.
既然你有這么好的一次機會，你最好充分利用每一分鐘去實現你的目標。
三、零冠詞
(一)零冠詞的基本用法
下列情況下不用冠詞。
1．表示泛指的不可數名詞或復數名詞前。
①Keeping a diary is a good habit, by which you'll make great progress.
記日記是一個可以讓你取得巨大進步的好習慣。
②Telephones are still playing an important role in people's life.
電話在人們的生活中仍然起著重要的作用。
2．表示月、季、星期、節假日、洲、三餐、球類、學科、棋類名詞前。
A year can be divided into four seasons — spring, summer, autumn and winter.
一年可以分為四季——春、夏、秋、冬。
3．與by連用的表示交通工具、通訊工具的名詞前。
Are you going there by plane or by ship?
你是乘飛機還是乘船去那里？
4．系動詞turn后的單數名詞作表語時。
After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.
多年的努力之后，湯姆成了工程師而瑪麗成了一位好經理。
5．表示頭銜和職務的名詞作表語、同位語或補足語時。
Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
這所學校的校長彼得·斯彭斯博士告訴我們說：“這里五分之一的學生都會到牛津大學或者劍橋大學繼續學習。”
(二)固定結構及固定短語中的零冠詞
1．固定結構中的零冠詞
“零冠詞＋單數名詞＋as/though＋主語＋謂語，主句”，意為“雖然……但是……”。
Young man as he is, he has seen much of the world.
盡管他很年輕，但他閱歷很豐富。
2．固定短語中的零冠詞
on purpose故意地by chance碰巧
catch fire著火
at dawn在黎明
face to face面對面
out of date過時的
make room for讓位
in debt負債
in shape健康
on foot步行
in danger在危險中
side by side并排
from time to time不時地
hand in hand手拉手
day after day日復一日地
heart and soul全心全意地
Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay in shape.(2024·江蘇高考單選)
湯姆總是在早上慢跑，他通常也做俯臥撐來保持健康。
[典題精選] [我來改正] [常設誤點]
(2024·陜西高考)That day I didn't learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!
(2024·邢臺市高三摸底考試)But he had only an 100-yuan note.
(2024·嘉峪關市一中三模)He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted. a→an
②an→a
③an→a (1)不定冠詞a和an的錯用
①在元音音素前應用不定冠詞an；
②在輔音音素前應用不定冠詞a；
③有些單詞以元音字母開頭但卻是以輔音音素開頭，前面應用冠詞a而不用an；還有一些單詞以輔音字母開頭但卻是以元音音素開頭，前面應用冠詞an而不用a。
①(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parents ... A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.
②(2024·鄭州二模)Most of us feel nervous whenever we're taking the important exam. ①shop前的a→the
②the→an (2)不定冠詞a(n)和定冠詞the的錯用
①表示特指時用定冠詞the；
②表示泛指時用不定冠詞a(n)。
①(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)This custom soon became another meal of day.
②(2024·江西九校聯考)Forrest Gump was born in small village. ①在day前加the
②在in和small之間加a (3)單數可數名詞前冠詞的缺失
一般情況下，單數可數名詞前應有適當的冠詞a(n)或the。 a(n)表示類指或泛指，the 表示特指。
①(2024·浙江高考)Tomorrow is first day of school.
②(2024·衡水一中模擬)In order to realize his dream, Bill Gates, richest man in the world, gave up studying in Harvard University. ①在first前加the
②在richest前加the (4)定冠詞the的缺失
①在序數詞前常用定冠詞the；
②在形容詞最高級前也常用定冠詞the。
①(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.
②(2024·南昌市一模)I think it's a great fun and I can make more friends. ①去掉flowers前的the
②去掉great前的a (5)冠詞的多余
可數名詞復數或不可數名詞表示泛指時不用冠詞。
①(2024·浙江高考)I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.
②(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)As result, the plants are growing everywhere. ①在hurry前加a
②在result前加a (6)常見固定搭配中冠詞的缺失與多余
在固定搭配中，有的用不定冠詞a(n)，有的用定冠詞the，而有的不帶任何冠詞，如：in a hurry, on the right, in fact, as a result, as a result等。
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．(2024·濟南外國語學校模擬)Nowadays, how we can take good care of the old is becoming a hot and serious topic.
2．(2024·大慶質量檢測二)If I were ever short of cash and couldn't afford to do anything much, which in those days was usually the case, I could always go outside and take a look around.
3．(2024·泰安二模)It was a burning-hot, summer's day and I was longing to go swimming at the local pool. Instead, I was riding in the back seat of the car as my parents drove to a friend's house.
4．(2024·江西八校一模)He tapped her on the shoulder, “Hi! I have been looking for you for such a long time！”
5．(2024·長春調研考試)Today the Internet is playing an important and essential role in our life.
6．(2024·棗莊模擬)First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you can never get a second chance to make first impressions.
7．(2024·石家莊二模)Our destination was Orewa, a seaside town.
8．(2024·青島自主診斷)After a short silence, the man told the doctor that he seized all the money that his father gave to his brother, who was abroad.
9．(2024·鄭州高三二模)It's a pleasure for me to be here to speak to such a distinguished group from all over the world.
10．(2024·南陽一中三模)Imagine falling towards the planet Earth at an awesome speed of 300 kilometers per hour.
