2024屆高考英語一輪語法復習課件：15 定語從句（牛津譯林版）
十五、定語從句
名稱 關 系 代 詞 關 系 副 詞 形式 who whom
which that
whose(of whom/which) when where why 指代
范圍
人
人
物 物
……(人)的
……(物)的
時間
地點
原因
在從句中的作用
主語 表語
賓語
賓語
主語
表語
賓語 主語
表語
賓語
定語
狀語
狀語
狀語
(二)關系詞一覽 (三)定語從句的各種形式 名稱 例 句 解 說 限制性定語從句 The boy who talked to me is my classmate. The boy (whom)you saw is my classmate. The boy whose parents are abroad is my classmate. September is the day when school begins. That is the school where I study. This is the reason why he was absent from class. In those days that/which followed, we worked very hard. This is the school that/which we visited last year. Do you know the reason which/that he explained to the boss？
(1)這類從句與先行詞關系密切，對它有限制作用，因此不可缺少，否則會影響全句的意義。 (2)在從句中作賓語的關系代詞可省略。 (3)左邊第四句中的“when”相當于“on which”；第五句中的“where”相當in which；第六句中的“why”相當于for which。 (4)有時，定語從句的先行詞表時間、地點、原因等，但指代它的關系詞卻在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，這時，引導定語從句的仍然只能是關系代詞，而不能用關系副詞。如左邊的最后三個例子。 名稱 例 句 解 說 非限制性定語從句
I like to chat with John, who is a clever fellow.
It had 1，100 students, many of whom later went into the countryside.
That is my room, whose window is open.
He passed the exam, which was expected.
The meeting will be put off till next week, when those fellows will be back.
We then moved to Paris, where we have lived for six years.
(1)這種從句與主句之間用逗號隔開，只對所修飾的詞作進一步的說明，去掉之后不影響整個句子的含義。
(2)不能用關系代詞that引導。
(3)引導從句的關系詞不能省略。
(4)非限制性定語從句的先行詞若是前面一整句話，關系代詞則用which，從句的謂語動詞用單數形式。
名稱 例 句 解 說 特殊句式
I have the same book as you (have). →My book is the same as yours (is).
→I found the same book that you lost yesterday. (1)關系代詞as/that分別引導定語從句修飾先行詞the same.../the same。
(2)the same...as...指“同一類(似)”事物；the same...that...指“同一個”，即該事物本身。
Such books as you bought are useless.
People such as you describe are rare nowadays.
as 引導定語從句修飾先行詞such或such...。
Heat is a form of energy, as is known to all of us.
As our teacher points out, that book is of benefit to everyone.
as引導非限制性定語從句，可置于句末，句中或句首。
I don't like the way (that/in which) you speak to your mother.
表方式的名詞way作先行詞時，引導定語從句，且在從句中充當狀語時，關聯詞可用that或in which(即含“in the way”之意)，亦可省略。
(四)介詞＋關系代詞(prep.＋which / whom) 用 法 例 句 注 釋 介詞的位置 位于從句末 2.位于從句首 He is an easy-going person (whom) all like to make friends with.
The tool (that/which) he is working with is called a hammer.
關系代詞作介詞的賓語，遠離介詞的關系代詞可以省略。
The tool with which he is working is called a hammer.
This is the school in which I study.
緊跟介詞的關系代詞不可省略。
用 法 例 句 注 釋 介詞的選擇 根據先行詞
The place at which the bridge is supposed to be built is very beautiful.
“in”表“在……之處”。 根據謂語動詞
We have several natives advancing towards our party，to whom we gave some gifts.
“to”出自“give sth to sb.”。
根據句子意思
The girl made a hole in the wall, through which she could see what was going on outsides.
“through”含“通過(那堵墻)”之意。
根據所屬關系
The journey took her four months, of which the sailing time was 79 days.
“of”表“其(四個月之)中”。
代替關系副詞
The reason for which he was absent is that he was ill.
“for which”可換成關系副詞“why”。
(五)關系代詞that與which的區別 區別 例句 常用關系代詞 that的情況
當先行詞是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代詞時
Do you have anything that is important to tell me?
當先行詞被all, any, few, little, no, not, every, each等修飾時
I have few books that are very good.
當先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數詞等修飾時 This is the first book that I bought myself.
The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.
當先行詞被the very, the last, the next, the only 等修飾時
This is the very book that I lost yesterday.
區別 例句 常用關系代詞 that的情況
當先行詞一個指人一個指物時
The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children's Palace.
當主句中含有疑問詞which時
Which are the books that you bought for me？
當先行詞在主句中作表語，且關系代詞在從句中也作表語時 China isn't the country that she used to be 50 years ago.
當主句以There be... 結構開頭時
There is a seat in the corner that is still free.
There are two tickets of the film that are for you.
區別 例示 常用關系代詞 which 的情況
在非限制性定語從句中
Mary has a book, which is very precious.
在介詞之后
This is a house in which lives an old man.
當主句中的主語被that修飾時
That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.
當關系代詞后面帶有插入語時
Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
I've bought you some books which, I think, may interest you.
十五、定語從句
名稱 關 系 代 詞 關 系 副 詞 形式 who whom
which that
whose(of whom/which) when where why 指代
范圍
人
人
物 物
……(人)的
……(物)的
時間
地點
原因
在從句中的作用
主語 表語
賓語
賓語
主語
表語
賓語 主語
表語
賓語
定語
狀語
狀語
狀語
(二)關系詞一覽 (三)定語從句的各種形式 名稱 例 句 解 說 限制性定語從句 The boy who talked to me is my classmate. The boy (whom)you saw is my classmate. The boy whose parents are abroad is my classmate. September is the day when school begins. That is the school where I study. This is the reason why he was absent from class. In those days that/which followed, we worked very hard. This is the school that/which we visited last year. Do you know the reason which/that he explained to the boss？
(1)這類從句與先行詞關系密切，對它有限制作用，因此不可缺少，否則會影響全句的意義。 (2)在從句中作賓語的關系代詞可省略。 (3)左邊第四句中的“when”相當于“on which”；第五句中的“where”相當in which；第六句中的“why”相當于for which。 (4)有時，定語從句的先行詞表時間、地點、原因等，但指代它的關系詞卻在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，這時，引導定語從句的仍然只能是關系代詞，而不能用關系副詞。如左邊的最后三個例子。 名稱 例 句 解 說 非限制性定語從句
I like to chat with John, who is a clever fellow.
It had 1，100 students, many of whom later went into the countryside.
That is my room, whose window is open.
He passed the exam, which was expected.
The meeting will be put off till next week, when those fellows will be back.
We then moved to Paris, where we have lived for six years.
(1)這種從句與主句之間用逗號隔開，只對所修飾的詞作進一步的說明，去掉之后不影響整個句子的含義。
(2)不能用關系代詞that引導。
(3)引導從句的關系詞不能省略。
(4)非限制性定語從句的先行詞若是前面一整句話，關系代詞則用which，從句的謂語動詞用單數形式。
名稱 例 句 解 說 特殊句式
I have the same book as you (have). →My book is the same as yours (is).
→I found the same book that you lost yesterday. (1)關系代詞as/that分別引導定語從句修飾先行詞the same.../the same。
(2)the same...as...指“同一類(似)”事物；the same...that...指“同一個”，即該事物本身。
Such books as you bought are useless.
People such as you describe are rare nowadays.
as 引導定語從句修飾先行詞such或such...。
Heat is a form of energy, as is known to all of us.
As our teacher points out, that book is of benefit to everyone.
as引導非限制性定語從句，可置于句末，句中或句首。
I don't like the way (that/in which) you speak to your mother.
表方式的名詞way作先行詞時，引導定語從句，且在從句中充當狀語時，關聯詞可用that或in which(即含“in the way”之意)，亦可省略。
(四)介詞＋關系代詞(prep.＋which / whom) 用 法 例 句 注 釋 介詞的位置 位于從句末 2.位于從句首 He is an easy-going person (whom) all like to make friends with.
The tool (that/which) he is working with is called a hammer.
關系代詞作介詞的賓語，遠離介詞的關系代詞可以省略。
The tool with which he is working is called a hammer.
This is the school in which I study.
緊跟介詞的關系代詞不可省略。
用 法 例 句 注 釋 介詞的選擇 根據先行詞
The place at which the bridge is supposed to be built is very beautiful.
“in”表“在……之處”。 根據謂語動詞
We have several natives advancing towards our party，to whom we gave some gifts.
“to”出自“give sth to sb.”。
根據句子意思
The girl made a hole in the wall, through which she could see what was going on outsides.
“through”含“通過(那堵墻)”之意。
根據所屬關系
The journey took her four months, of which the sailing time was 79 days.
“of”表“其(四個月之)中”。
代替關系副詞
The reason for which he was absent is that he was ill.
“for which”可換成關系副詞“why”。
(五)關系代詞that與which的區別 區別 例句 常用關系代詞 that的情況
當先行詞是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代詞時
Do you have anything that is important to tell me?
當先行詞被all, any, few, little, no, not, every, each等修飾時
I have few books that are very good.
當先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數詞等修飾時 This is the first book that I bought myself.
The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.
當先行詞被the very, the last, the next, the only 等修飾時
This is the very book that I lost yesterday.
區別 例句 常用關系代詞 that的情況
當先行詞一個指人一個指物時
The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children's Palace.
當主句中含有疑問詞which時
Which are the books that you bought for me？
當先行詞在主句中作表語，且關系代詞在從句中也作表語時 China isn't the country that she used to be 50 years ago.
當主句以There be... 結構開頭時
There is a seat in the corner that is still free.
There are two tickets of the film that are for you.
區別 例示 常用關系代詞 which 的情況
在非限制性定語從句中
Mary has a book, which is very precious.
在介詞之后
This is a house in which lives an old man.
當主句中的主語被that修飾時
That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.
當關系代詞后面帶有插入語時
Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.
I've bought you some books which, I think, may interest you.
