【人教課標(biāo)版】高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 精品語法（課件）：專題8 正反解讀情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣
19．[2010·浙江卷]
Had I known about this computer program，
a huge amount of time and energy ________.
A．would have been saved
B．had been saved
C．will be saved
D．was saved
【解析】 A 本題考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)Had I known提示，可知此句是虛擬語氣，且與過去事實(shí)相反，故主句謂語用would have done的形式。此外本句還是被動，選A。 專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 20．[2010·湖南卷]
You ________ buy a gift，but you can if you want to.
A．must
B．mustn't
C．have to
D．don't have to
【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動詞。
don’t have to意為“沒有必要”，符合語境。
句意為：你沒有必要買禮物，但如果你想買的話，你也可以買。 專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 21．[2010·陜西卷]
— May I take this book out of the reading room?
— No，you________. You read it in here.
A．mightn't
B．won't
C．needn't
D．mustn't
【解析】 D 本題考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。表示“禁止；千萬別做某事”時(shí)，要用mustn't。 22．[2010·江西卷]
I have told you the truth. ________ I keep repeating it?
A．Must
B．Can
C．May
D．Will
【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。must在此意為“必須……嗎？非得……嗎？” ,句意為：前半句說我告訴你事實(shí)了, 這里用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成了影響, 既然我已經(jīng)說了, 我還必須重復(fù)一遍嗎？ 專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 23．[2010·江蘇卷]
—
I haven’t got the reference book yet， but I'll have a test on the subject next month.
—
Don’t worry. You ________have it by Friday.
A．could
B．shall
C．must
D．may
【解析】 B 本題考查情態(tài)動詞。
當(dāng)主語為第二、三人稱時(shí)，情態(tài)動詞shall表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅，本句表示允諾。 專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 24．[2010·江蘇卷]
George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he ________ more on its culture.
A．focus
B．focused
C．would focus
D．had focused
【解析】 B 本題考查虛擬語氣。
would rather＋從句，從句表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)硖摂M時(shí)應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。 專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 25．[2010·全國卷Ⅰ]
Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon.
A．can't
B．needn't
C．may not
D．will not
【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動詞的用法。
句意：耐心一點(diǎn)兒, 你不能期望世界變化如此快。通過選項(xiàng)此題考查情態(tài)動詞, can’t在否定句中可以表示推測, 譯為不可能,可以表示能力, 譯為不能夠,語氣強(qiáng)烈。也可以表示命令, 不允許, 但是語氣比mustn’t弱, 具有勸慰的意思, 根據(jù)句意此題中選擇A, can’t表示勸慰。 專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 26．[2010·福建卷] Teachers recommend parents ________ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A．not allow
B．do not allow
C．mustn't allow
D．couldn't allow
【解析】 A 考查虛擬語氣。句意為：教師們建議：為了孩子們的安全，父母不應(yīng)讓12歲以下的孩子騎自行車去學(xué)校。recommend意為“建議”，其后接的賓語從句采用虛擬語氣，從句謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”的形式，should可以省略。 專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 27．[2010·天津卷] Mark ________ have hurried. After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.
A．needn't
B．wouldn't
C．mustn't
D．couldn't
【解析】 A needn't have done 本沒有必要做某事，實(shí)際上做了。句意：邁克本來不必要那么忙的。這么高速駕駛之后, 他早半個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá)了。根據(jù)后面的語境, 提前半個(gè)小時(shí)到達(dá), 說明Mark本來不必那么匆忙, 所以用needn’t
have done 結(jié)構(gòu), 表示 “本來不必要做某事的而實(shí)際上做了”。 專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 28．[2010·重慶卷] You ________ park here! It's an emergency exit.
A．wouldn't
B．needn't
C．couldn't
D．mustn't
【解析】 D 考查情態(tài)動詞詞義辨析。由句意“這里是緊急出口”，可知此處不允許停車，所以用mustn't表示“禁止，不許”。 專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 29．[2010·北京卷] —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
—Ah，good morning. You ________be Mrs. Peters.
A．might
B．must
C．would
D．can
【解析】 B 本題考查情態(tài)動詞在語境中的運(yùn)用。 第一個(gè)說話人說和史密斯小姐有約, 那下面的人就回應(yīng)說, "那您一定就是Mrs. Peters了“,用must來表示肯定推測。 30．[2010·山東卷]
I ____________ have watched that movie — it'll give me horrible dreams.
A．shouldn't
B．needn't
C．couldn't
D．mustn't
【解析】 A shouldn't have done意為“本不應(yīng)該做但實(shí)際已經(jīng)做了(表達(dá)后悔的情緒)” . e.g. You should have invited me to your wedding, but you forgot. 專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 (3) 當(dāng)條件從句的行為與主句所表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，主從句中動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所標(biāo)示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整，這就是所謂的“錯綜條件虛擬語氣”。如：
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他們以前努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，現(xiàn)在干得就會容易些了。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.
如果他不聽我的建議，他就不會干得這么好了。 (4) 在條件句中，如果有were, had, should等，則可省略if，但應(yīng)注意把were, had, should等提到從句主語之前。 專題八 │ 正面解讀 如：If he were to come, I would join him in the discussion. ＝ Were he to come, I would join him in the discussion. 如果他來，我將和他一道參加討論。 (5) 有些虛擬條件句沒有從句，虛擬條件句是通過上下文或介詞短語表示出來的。如：
But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. 要是沒有空氣和水，地球上就沒有生命。(介詞短語but for提供了虛擬條件)
With your help, we might finish the plan earlier. 要是有你的幫助，我們就可以早些完成任務(wù)。(介詞短語with your help充當(dāng)虛擬條件句) 專題八 │ 正面解讀 2．虛擬語氣在wish從句中的用法 專題八 │ 正面解讀 賓語從句 愿望 I wish 主語＋動詞過去式 現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 主語＋had＋過去分詞 過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 主語＋would/might＋動詞原形 將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望 I wish I were a doctor. 我希望我是個(gè)醫(yī)生就好了。(現(xiàn)在) I wish that the rain would stop. 我希望雨能停下來。(將來) I wish that he had not made so much fuss about it.
我希望他不要把事情搞大了。(過去) 3． 虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的使用 (1) 在insist；command，order；demand，request，require，desire；advise, propose, suggest，recommend 等表示“命令、要求、建議”的動詞后接的賓語從句中要使用虛擬語氣。如：
He suggests that she (should) leave the house at once. 他要她立刻離開這所房子。 專題八 │ 正面解讀
He proposed that we (should) deal with the problem by the view of development.
他建議我們應(yīng)該用發(fā)展的眼光處理這個(gè)問題。 (2) 與上述動詞相對應(yīng)的名詞suggestion, order, demand , proposal 等后的表語從句、同位語從句中也要使用虛擬語氣(should可省略)。如：
My proposal is that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the plan. 我的建議是為這個(gè)計(jì)劃設(shè)定一個(gè)上交的期限。 專題八 │ 正面解讀 (3) 在It be suggested (ordered, demanded, proposed, … )that… 結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語從句中也要使用虛擬語氣。如：
It's required that every student be on time for school.
要求每個(gè)學(xué)生準(zhǔn)時(shí)到校。 (4) 在do you suggest/recommend用在特殊疑問句中作插入語時(shí)，句子的動詞也使用虛擬語氣，即“should＋動詞原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。如：
What type of computer do you recommend/ suggest we (should) buy?
你建議我們買什么類型的電腦呢？ 專題八 │ 正面解讀 (5) 在It's＋necessary，essential，important, strange, natural等形容詞＋ that從句或It's a pity，a shame等名詞＋ that 從句中，謂語動詞可以使用should do。如：
It is necessary that the badly wounded man should be treated immediately. 這位重傷員必須馬上治療。
It's a pity that you should be so careless.
你竟然如此粗心，真是可惜。 專題八 │ 正面解讀 4． 虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的用法
在as if/though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，謂語動詞用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在相反的情況；用過去完成式，表示與過去相反的情況等。其變化與wish后的賓語從句的變化相同。如：
I've loved you as if you were my relative.
我一直愛你仿佛你是我的親人。 5． 虛擬語氣在其他一些句型中的用法 (1) It's high/above time (that-)從句中，謂語動詞可以使用過去式，也可使用should＋動詞原形；表示“早該……了”，其中should不可省略。如：
It's high/above time we got up/should get up. 我們早該起床了。 專題八 │ 正面解讀 (2) would rather＋從句中，謂語動詞用過去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r相反；用過去完成式，表示與過去的情況相反。如：
I would rather you came tomorrow. 我寧愿你明天來。 (3) if only…要是……多好啊。如：
If only you hadn't offended him. 你當(dāng)時(shí)不惹他就好了。
If only he could come tomorrow. 他明天能來就好了。 (4) 其他一些表示祝愿的句型。如：
May you succeed！祝你成功！
Long live the People's Republic of China.
中華人民共和國萬歲！
專題八 │ 正面解讀 1.
【誤】 The streets are all dry; it mustn't have rained last night.
【正】 The streets are all dry; it can't have rained last night.
【解析】 對某一事實(shí)的否定推測不能用must，而要用can't 或couldn't表示“不可能”。 專題八 │ 反面解讀 反面解讀 2． 【誤】 I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might be ill, I guess.
【正】 I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday. She might have been ill, I guess.
【解析】 猜的事情發(fā)生在昨天，因此要用情態(tài)動詞＋have done形式，當(dāng)動詞是be時(shí)，很容易忽略它的時(shí)態(tài)意義，要特別留意。 3． 【誤】 He must be very friendly at times.
【正】 He can be very friendly at times.
【解析】 句意為：他有時(shí)會很友好。可知此處并非對現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行推測，而是一種理論上的可能性，因此用can。 專題八 │ 反面解讀 4． 【誤】 I can't find my keys. I may/might forget them on the playground yesterday.
【正】 I can't find my keys. I may/might have left them on the playground yesterday.
【解析】 表示對過去情況的推測，通常用must/may/might have done sth. 另外，表示“把……忘記在某地”應(yīng)用動詞leave。 專題八 │ 反面解讀 5． 【誤】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone could get out.
【正】 The fire spread through the hotel quickly, but everyone was able to get out.
【解析】 表示在過去成功地做到了某事，肯定句中通常用was/were able to do sth.。 專題八 │ 反面解讀 6． 【誤】 Will I open the window for you?
【正】 Shall I open the window for you?
【解析】 shall與第一、第三人稱連用，表示征求意見或請求指示，這時(shí)不可用will。will通常與第二人稱連用，即Will you…？ 7． 【誤】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should give more water.
【正】 The plant is dead. Maybe I should have given more water.
【解析】 根據(jù)第一句可知，植物已經(jīng)死亡，所以應(yīng)該是自責(zé)：本應(yīng)該多澆些水的。要用should have done形式表示“本應(yīng)該做……而未做”。 專題八 │ 反面解讀 8． 【誤】 Hadn't they saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
【正】 Had they not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
【正】 If they had not saved us, we would have been drowned in the stormy river.
【解析】 當(dāng)條件中含有were, had, should等時(shí)，可省略if，從而把were, had, should提到主語之前。若條件句為否定句，則只把were, had, should提前，not仍放在主語之后。 專題八 │ 反面解讀 9． 【誤】 If only I saw the film yesterday.
【正】 If only I had seen the film yesterday.
【解析】 if only后句子若表示過去的一種愿望，其謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去完成式，即if only sb. had done sth. 。
專題八 │ 反面解讀 1． — Everyone in my class passed the exam.
— Oh，really？It ________ difficult.
A．can't have been
B．needn't have been
C．must be
D．mightn't be
【解析】 A 考查情態(tài)動詞。
表示否定的推測應(yīng)使用 can‘t /cannot。
對過去進(jìn)行推測，表示“一定不”應(yīng)使用 can‘t have done。
句意為： “我們班上每個(gè)人都通過了考試。”
“哦，真的嗎？那題目一定不難。” 專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 2． [2009·安徽卷]
Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they ________ just be quiet people.
A．must
B．may
C．should
D．Would
【解析】 B
句意為：有些人不喜歡講話不一定是害羞，他們可能是安靜的人。此處用may表示“可能”之意。 專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 3． — Why didn't you answer the phone last night?
— I ________ when you called.
A．had to have slept
B．had to be sleeping
C．must have been sleeping
D．must have slept
【解析】 C 由時(shí)間狀語和結(jié)合語境來看，這是對過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在發(fā)生事情的肯定推測，再結(jié)合題意，應(yīng)該是must have been doing結(jié)構(gòu)，選C。
專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 4．When I lived with my roommates in the university, we ________ often talk into the night.
A．might
B．must
C．should
D．would
【解析】 D 這里描述的是過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作(或過去經(jīng)常做的事情)。
e.g.
After dinner, he would sit around Grandpa, listening to his stories. 專題八 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 5． — This is the first time I ________ my first picture with my own hands.
— It is time that you ________ a picture for me.
A．took; took
B．have taken; took
