高考英語復(fù)習(xí)完形填空：考點解析議論文7
議論文型完形填空
專題導(dǎo)讀
議論文是高考完形填空中較難的一種文體，一般由三個要素組成：論點、論據(jù)、結(jié)論。要做好議論文類的完形填空最重要的是抓住作者的論點。不同的議論文論點的提出方式往往不同，大體有以下三種情況：(1)開門見山地提出論點。有些議論文在文章的一開始就提出論點。然后再通過具體的論據(jù)去說明論點，論據(jù)有時候既有正面的論據(jù)，也有反面的論據(jù)，最后總結(jié)全文。(2)導(dǎo)入式提出論點。有些議論文會先通過敘述生活中的一件具體的事情或描述生活中的現(xiàn)象，然后根據(jù)事情或現(xiàn)象所反映的問題提出自己的論點，再用具體的論據(jù)去說明自己的論點。(3)最后提出論點。有些議論文一開始作者僅僅是列舉生活中的現(xiàn)象，不表明自己的觀點，而是通過對具體現(xiàn)象的分析，自然得出一種結(jié)論，這種結(jié)論往往就是作者的論點。對于純議論形式的完形填空，要在掌握全文主旨的情況下，抓好每段的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就是把握了文章的脈絡(luò)，理解文意就容易多了。
真題典例
[2011·廣東卷] It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes.The__1__is based on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by__2__situations that are designed for the__3__children.
There can be little doubt that__4__classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner.However, to take these__5__out of the regular classes may create serious problems.
I observed a number of__6__children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a__7__class.In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment,
relying__8__on their teachers’ directions.In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they began to reflect__9__on many problems, some of which were not on the school program.
Many are concerned that gifted children become__10__and lose interest in learning.However，this__11__is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these__12__simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are__13__.Some top students do feel bored in class, but why they__14__so goes far beyond the work they have in school.Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious.The gifted child who is bored is an__15__child.
()1.A.principle
B．theory
C．a(chǎn)rguments
D．classification
()2.A.designing
B．grouping C．learning
D．living
()3.A.smart
B．curious C．mature
D．a(chǎn)verage
()4.A.regular
B．special C．small
D．creative
()5.A.children
B．programs
C．graduates
D．designs
()6.A.intelligent
B．competent
C．ordinary
D．independent
()7.A.separate
B．regular C．new
D．boring
()8.A.specially
B．slightly C．wrongly
D．heavily
()9.A.directly
B．cleverly C．voluntarily
D．quickly
()10.A.doubted
B．bored C．worried
D．tired
()11.A.concern
B．conclusion
C．reflection
D．interest
()12.A.students
B．a(chǎn)dults C．scholars
D．teachers
()13.A.talented
B．worried
C．learned
D．interested
()14.A.believe
B．think
C．say
D．feel
()15.A.outstanding
B．intelligent
C．a(chǎn)nxious
D．ordinary
【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章就有天賦的學(xué)生是不是應(yīng)該進(jìn)特殊班的問題進(jìn)行了討論：調(diào)查表明被分在特殊班的學(xué)生并沒有表現(xiàn)出人們預(yù)料的好效果，因為特殊班里的學(xué)生過分依賴?yán)蠋煹囊龑?dǎo)，反而對學(xué)習(xí)失去了興趣。
1．C 考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)文意可知分班的爭論是基于一種觀念，即普通班會阻礙有天賦的學(xué)生的發(fā)展。
2．C 考查非謂語動詞的用法。這里指為普通學(xué)生設(shè)計的普通班的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。
3．D 考查形容詞詞義辨析。下文指為普通學(xué)生設(shè)計的普通班；average(普通的，一般的)與前面的gifted相對。故選D。
4．B 考查形容詞的詞義辨析。特殊班能幫助學(xué)生早畢業(yè)，盡早地走進(jìn)生活。
5．A 考查語境理解。根據(jù)上文可知此處指有天賦的孩子。句意為：然而把有天賦的孩子從普通班分出來可能會產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的問題。
6．A 考查形容詞詞義辨析。此處intelligent意為“聰明的，有天賦的”，與gifted同義。
7．B 考查形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)語境可知選regular，意為“普通的”。[
8．D 考查副詞詞義辨析。在特殊班里的學(xué)生沒怎么表現(xiàn)出運用自己的判斷力的能力，相反，他們過分依賴?yán)蠋煹囊龑?dǎo)。
9．C 考查副詞詞義辨析。由having no worry about keeping up可知在普通班有天賦的學(xué)生不必?fù)?dān)心跟不上課程的問題，所以他們就會自動地思考許多問題。此處voluntarily意為“自愿地，主動地”。
10．B 考查形容詞詞義辨析。許多人擔(dān)心有天賦的孩子會感到厭煩從而對學(xué)習(xí)失去興趣。
11．A 考查名詞詞義辨析。這種擔(dān)心更多來自于老師和家長而不是學(xué)生。
12．B 考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)上文的parents and teachers可知，一些老師和家長有了應(yīng)該為那些有天賦的學(xué)生設(shè)立特殊班的想法。
13．A 考查形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)上文可知此處應(yīng)為“有天賦的”學(xué)生。
14．D 考查動詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)語境可知選feel，意為“感覺”，feel so與前面的feel bored意義一致。
15．C 考查形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)上文Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious.可知此處選C。
新題預(yù)測
(一)
We convince ourselves that life will be better once we are married, have a baby, then another.Then we get frustrated because our children are not old enough, and that __1__ will be well when they are older.Then we are frustrated __2__ they reach adolescence and we must deal with them.Surely we’ll be __3__ when they grow out of the teen years.
We tell ourselves our __4__ will be better when our spouse(配偶)gets his/her act together, when we have a nicer car, when we can take a __5__， when we finally retire.The truth is that there is no better time to be happy than __6__.If not, then when? Your life will always be full of challenges.It is better to admit as much and to decide to be happy __7__it all.For the longest time, it seemed that life was about to start—real life.
But there were always some obstacles along the way, an ordeal(苦難) to __8__， some work to be finished, some time to be given, a bill to be __9__.Then life would start.It finally dawned on me that those __10__ were part of life.Little by little, that point of __11__ also helped me see that there isn’t any road to happiness.
Happiness is the road. So, enjoy every moment. And bear in mind that __12__ waits for no one. So stop __13__ school to end, for a return to school, to lose ten pounds, to __14__ ten pounds, for work to begin, to get married，...before deciding to be happy.
Happiness is a voyage, not a destination. There is no __15__ time to be happy than...NOW! Live and enjoy the moment.
()1.A.we
B．they C．a(chǎn)ll
D．nothing
()2.A.because
B．but C．so
D．a(chǎn)nd
()3.A.luckier
B．happier C．older
D．healthier
()4.A.life
B．study C．children
D．condition
()5.A.rest
B．bath C．breath
D．vacation
()6.A.before
B．ever C．just then
D．right now
()7.A.instead of
B．in addition to
C．in spite of
D．up to
()8.A.meet with
B．go ahead
C．turn to
D．get through
()9.A.paid
B．got
C．a(chǎn)sked
D．printed
()10.A.achievements
B．obstacles
C．duties
D．opinions
()11.A.view
B．life C．position
D．condition
()12.A.happiness
B．time C．a(chǎn)ge
D．road
()13.A.asking for
B．supposing
C．waiting for
D．hoping for
()14.A.gain
B．reduce C．weigh
D．enjoy
()15.A.worse
B．better C．more
D．less
【解析】本文論述了在享受幸福時不要期待將來，要把握現(xiàn)在。
1．C 本句的意思是“當(dāng)他們大了以后，一切會好起來。” 本題中A項干擾性最大。但根據(jù)句意可排除。
2．A 前后為因果關(guān)系，因此選because。
3．B 聯(lián)系空后的when they grow out of the teen years我們知道，有時我們認(rèn)為“孩子長大了我們就會更幸福”。
4．A 聯(lián)系第一段第一句我們可以得此答案。本題中D項干擾性最大，全文講述的是生活中的幸福，因此可排除。
5．D 聯(lián)系前文的a nicer car 及空后的retire我們知道，人們常盼望有一個假期。
6．D 現(xiàn)在就是幸福的時刻。本題中A、B均有一定干擾性。聯(lián)系全文我們知道，作者認(rèn)為要想幸福，就要把握現(xiàn)在。
7．C 盡管有這一切，但是要決定享受幸福。本題中A項干擾性最大。instead of 意為“代替”，可排除。
8．D 我們要經(jīng)歷苦難，因此選D項。
9．A 聯(lián)系空前的a bill可得出此答案。
10．B 聯(lián)系前文But there were always some obstacles...我們可以得此答案。
11．A point of view為固定搭配，意思是“觀點”。
12．B 聯(lián)系后文so stop … school to end …可知，作者認(rèn)為時間不等人。
13．C 聯(lián)系空后的to end我們可得此答案。本題中D項有較大干擾性。聯(lián)系前句 … waits for no one我們可排除。
14．A 聯(lián)系空前的to lose ten pounds可以得此答案。本題中B項有較大干擾性。to reduce與前文的to lose 重復(fù)，因此可排除。
15．B 聯(lián)系后文Live and enjoy the moment.我們知道，沒有哪個時間比現(xiàn)在更能讓你享受幸福。
(二)
Most people believe they don’t have much imagination.They are __1__.Everyone has imagination, but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to __2__it.Creativity isn’t always __3__ with great works
of art or ideas.People at work and in their free time __4__ think of creative ways to solve problems.Maybe you have a goal to achieve, a tricky question to answer or you just want to expand your mind! Here are three techniques to help you.
Making connections.This technique involves taking __5__ ideas and trying to find links between them.First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you
need to do. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle. Write down all the ideas/words__6__ with candles: light, fire, matches, wax, night, silence, etc. Think of as many as you can. The next stage is to relate the __7__to the job you have to do. So imagine you want to buy a friend an original __8__；you could buy him tickets to a match or take him out for the night.
No limits! Imagine that normal limitations don’t__9__. You have as much time/space/money, etc.as you want.Think about your goal and the new __10__.If your goal is to learn to ski, __11__， you can now practise
skiing every day of your life(because you have the time and the money). Now __12__ this to reality. Maybe you can practise skiing every day in December, or every Monday in January.
Be someone else! Look at the situation from a __13__point of view. Good businessmen use this technique in trade, and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the __14__in their books. They ask questions: What does this character want? Why can’t she get it? What changes must she make to get what she wants? If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their __15__. The best fishermen think like fish!
()1.A.wrong
B．unbelievable
C．reasonable
D．realistic
()2.A.put up with
B．catch up with
C．make use of
D．keep track of
()3.A.equipped
B．compared
C．covered
D．connected
()4.A.skillfully
B．routinely
C．vividly
D．deeply
()5.A.familiar
B．unrelated
C．creative
D．imaginary
()6.A.presented
B．marked
C．lit
D．a(chǎn)ssociated
()7.A.ideas
B．a(chǎn)mbitions
C．a(chǎn)chievement
D．technique
()8.A.experience
B．service C．present
D．object
()9.A.work
B．last C．exist
D．change
()10.A.possibilities
B．limitations
C．tendency
D．practice
()11.A.in fact
B．in particular
C．a(chǎn)s a whole
D．for example
()12.A.devote
B．a(chǎn)dapt
C．lead
D．keep
()13.A.private
B．global C．different
D．practical
()14.A.features
B．themes
C．creatures
D．characters
()15.A.positions
B．dreams
C．images
D．directions
【解析】1．A 很多人都認(rèn)為他們沒有太多的想象力，其實他們是錯的。wrong意為“錯誤的”，符合句意。
2．C 我們每個人都有想象力，但是當(dāng)我們變成成年人之后，我們忘記了如何使用我們的想象力。put up with意為“容忍，忍受”；catch up with意為“趕上”；make use of意為“使用”； keep track of意為“跟蹤”。所以答案為C。
3．D 該句話的意思是“創(chuàng)造力并非總是和偉大的藝術(shù)品或思想相聯(lián)系。”be connected with意為“與某物有聯(lián)系”。
4．B routinely意為“通常地”，符合句意。
5．B 該技巧的中心是創(chuàng)造聯(lián)系，那么就要求我們把不相關(guān)的理念聯(lián)系起來，并且找出他們之間的聯(lián)系。
6．D be associated with意為“與某物有關(guān)系”。
7．A 與上文的ideas一致，指的是把理念和你要做的事情聯(lián)系起來。
8．C 給朋友買一個有創(chuàng)意的禮物，你可以……present符合句意。
