高三英語一輪單元復習精品教案:Module 2《No Drugs》(外研版必修2)

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高三英語一輪單元復習精品教案:Module 2《No Drugs》(外研版必修2)

  知識詳解

  ① reduce  vt. 減少;縮減;約束,限制;使降低,降職;

   使……變為(某個狀態)(回歸課本P12)

  reduce...to...把……減少到……,reduce...by...把……減少了……,reduce sb.to doing sth.迫使某人做某事;使某人不得不做某事,reduction n.縮小,減少;縮版,make a reduction減價

  【歸納總結】

  【例句探源】

  ①The expenses have been reduced to

  1,000 yuan one month.

  每月的費用已降到1,000元。

  ②The expenses have been reduced by 200 yuan one month.

  每月的費用已降了200元。

  ③Eventually Charlotte was reduced to begging on the streets.

  最后夏洛特被迫淪落到沿街乞討。

  ④We can make a reduction if you buy in bulk.

  如果你大批購買,我們可以降低價格。

  1.Many students have dropped out of school and now the number of our class has ________50.

  A.reduced by 

  B.reduced toC.increased to

  D.increased by

  解析:選B。reduce...to后面數字指減少后的總量,reduce...by后面數字指純減少的量或比率。由上面說到drop,故排除C、D。

  【即境活用】

  2. Since then the number of people stopping smoking ________10%.

  A.has reduced to

  B.reduces byC.has reduced by

  D.reduces to

  解析:選C。由since then可判斷主句應用現在完成時,排除B、D兩項;再根據句意“自從那時戒煙人數減少了10%”,強調差額用介語by,故選C。

  ② likely  adj. 很可能的,看來要發生的;(像是)可靠的,可信的;似乎有理的 

  adv. 很可能

  (回歸課本P9) Drug users are more likely to get into trouble at school.

  吸毒者更有可能在學校遇到麻煩。

  【歸納總結】

  ①

  It is likely that he will be late.

  =He is likely to be late.他可能會遲到。

  ②“He said you’d be giving them a lift.” “Not likely!”

  “他說你會讓他們搭便車。”“絕不可能!”

  ③It is likely that you could suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.

  如果繼續吸煙,你很可能會健康狀況不佳。

  ④That means the price is likely to go down because of the competition.這意味著價格有可能因為競爭而下降。

  【例句探源】

  likely,possible,probable

  三者都有“可能的”之意,區別如下:

  (1)likely是形容詞,表示某事很可能發生,與probable 意思相近,但主語可以是人也可以是物。常用于“It is likely that...或sb./sth.be likely to do...”句型中,但不能說“It is likely for sb.to do sth.”。

  (2)possible可能性相對小,作表語時,主語不能是人,常用句式為“It is possible for sb. to do sth.”或“It is possible that...”。

  【易混辨析】

  (3)probable 帶有“很可能”的意味,語氣比possible強,作表語時不能用人或不定式作主語,常用句式為“It is probable that...”。

  ①It isn’t

  likely that I should accept such an offer as that.

  ②It’s possible_to break with old habits.

  ③It is _probable that he will succeed.

  3.Young Americans who don’t go to university ________get jobs which bring low income.

  A.are likely toB.are possible to

  C.were able to

  D.liked to

  解析:選A。句意是:沒有上大學的美國年輕人可能做一些低收入的工作。likely可用于sb./sth.is likely to do而possible不能。

  【即境活用】

  4.(山東青島質檢)A senior firefighter said it was__________that the fire,which broke out at midnight,was caused by someone on purpose.

  A.possibly

  B.likely

  C.probably

  D.obviously

  解析:選B。根據It is likely that……句型得出答案,其它三個詞都是副詞,不能用于該句型。

  ③ affect  vt. 影響,對……有壞影響;(疾病)侵襲;假裝;喜歡

  (回歸課本P9) Smoking in a park doesn’t

  affect other people in the same way.

  在公園吸煙不會以同樣的方式影響別人。

  【歸納總結】

  【例句探源】

  ①Peter Taylor finds out how computers and the Internet are going to

  affect our lives.

  彼得·泰勒試圖弄清計算機和互聯網將如何影響我們的生活。

  ②(牛津P31)They were deeply affected by the news of her death.

  她死亡的消息使他們唏噓不已。

  ③(高考遼寧卷)The experiment showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature.

  這項實驗表明我們的生物鐘受光線和溫度的影響。

  ④She was affected with high fever.

  她發高燒。

  affect,effect,influence

  三個詞都有“影響”的意思。

  (1)affect指“產生的影響之大足以引起反應”,著重“影響”的動作,有時含有“對……產生不利影響”的意思。

  (2)effect作“影響”講時,通常用作名詞,構成have an effect on“對……有影響”。effect作動詞時,指“使(某事物)產生;使發生;引起”,著重“造成”一種特殊的效果。

  (3)influence指“通過說服、舉例等對行動、思想、性格等產生不易覺察到的、潛移默化的影響”。

  【易混辨析】

  ①The games don’t have a(n) _effect on grownups but affect students a great deal.

  ②Influenced by a high school biology teacher,he took up the study of medicine.

  ③This book effected a change in my opinion.

  5.Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has ________the quality of the programs.

  A.lessened 

  B.declined

  C.affected

  D.effected

  解析:選C。句意為:批評家認為電視被大量的廣告所控制,這影響了節目的質量。affect常指不好的影響;lessen“減少”;decline“降低”,指力量、權力、數量等的削減;effect“引起;產生”,只有affect符合句意。

  【即境活用】

  ④ recognise  vt. 辨認出;認出;認識到;認知

  (回歸課本P19)Participants learn to recognise smoking triggers...

  參與者學會分辨吸煙的誘因……

  【歸納總結】

  recognise sb./sth.as/to be承認某人/物是……;認出某人/物是……

  It’s recognised that...人們意識到……

  ①Salera came home so thin and weak that her own children hardly recognised her.

  賽莉婭回家時又瘦又弱,連她自己的孩子都幾乎認不出她來了。

  ②He is recognised as the head of the company.

  他被認為是公司的領導。

  ③It was recognised that he was not qualified for the work.

  人們認識到他做這項工作不合格。

  【例句探源】

  recognise,know

  (1)recognise 指把原來認識的人/物再次“辨認出”,是非延續性動詞。

  (2)know“認識并熟悉某人/物”,是延續性動詞。

  ①Sometimes we can’t recognise,_one’s voice on the phone even though we know him/her.

  ②I know him so well that I can recognise his steps.

  【易混辨析】

  6.(高考遼寧卷)Alexander tried to get his work________in the medical circles.

  A.to recognizeB.recognizing

  C.recognize

  D.recognized

  解析:選D。句意:Alexander試圖使自己的工作在醫學界得到認可。本題考查非謂語動詞作賓補。get sth.done表示使某事物被做,如get my hair cut表示理發;get her finger burnt表示她的手指被燒傷。

  【即境活用】

  7.—Oh,it’s you,Alice.I________you.You look much thinner than before.

  —Not surprising.I’m on a diet.

  A.didn’t recognize

  B.hadn’t recognized

  C.haven’t recognized

  D.don’t recognize

  解析:選A。本題強調是剛才沒認出,故用一般過去時態。

  ⑤ break into 闖入,破門而入;突然……起來

  (回歸課本P13) The next day,I broke into a house and stole a television and a video recorder.

  第二天,我闖入一戶人家,偷了一臺電視機和一臺錄像機。

  break out突然爆發

  break up打碎;拆散;分解

  結束,break in打斷(談話); 突然闖入(in是副詞) break through突破

  break down瓦解,損壞,分解;機器壞了;失敗;身體垮了

  break away from擺脫(束縛);克服(習慣)

  break off中斷,折斷,突然停止

  【歸納總結】

  ①Thieves broke into our house while we were away on holiday.

  我們外出度假時,小偷闖入了我們家。

  ②On hearing the news that the war was over ,the old woman broke into tears.

  聽到戰爭結束的消息,老人突然哭了起來。

  ③Don’t

  break into their conversation;they are discussing something important.

  不要打斷他們的談話,他們正在討論重要的事情。

  【例句探源】

  break into,break in

  兩者都有“闖入”之意。break into中,into是介詞,后需接賓語;break in 是不及物動詞短語,其中in是副詞,不接賓語。另外,break into還有“突然……起來”之意,相當于burst into;break in還可以表示“插嘴”等。

  ①We had to break_into the house as we had lost the key.

  ②Never break_in while others are talking.

  【易混辨析】

  8.(海南三亞模擬)You’ll________sooner or later if you keep working like that.

  A.break off B.break down

  C.break into

  D.break out

  解析:選B。句意:如果你繼續那樣工作,身體遲早會垮掉的。break down“垮掉”,符合題意。

  【即境活用】

  9. Scientists hope to________soon in their fight against the H1N1 flu virus.

  A.break up

  B.break out

  C.break through

  D.break in

  解析:選C。句意為:科學家們希望能盡快在應對甲型H1N1流感病毒方面有所突破。break up“分解,打破”;break out“發生,爆發”;break through“突破”;break in“闖入,打斷(談話)”,據句意可知答案為C。

  ⑥ give up 放棄;交出,讓出;認輸

  (回歸課本P13)And here are some ideas to help people to give up smoking.

  這兒有一些幫助人們戒煙的方法。

  give away分發;放棄;泄露

  give back歸還;恢復

  give forth發出(氣味、聲音等);發表

  give in屈服;讓步;同意

  give off發出(蒸汽、光等)

  give out分發,發出(氣味、熱等);發表,用完,耗盡;精疲力竭

  【歸納總結】

  ①When Ed left ,she gave up hope of ever marrying.

  埃德離開時,她徹底放棄了結婚的希望。

  ②In the crowded bus ,the young people

  gave up their seats to the old people.

  在擁擠的公共汽車上,年輕人把座位讓給老年人。

  ③The doctor told him to give up

  smoking and drinking.

  醫生要他戒煙戒酒。

  ④She has never given up her secrets to others.

  她從不把秘密透露給別人。

  【例句探源】

  10.We haven’t heard from her for long,so we give her________for dead.

  A.out

  B.in

  C.up

  D.away

  解析:選C。give out“用完,用盡”;give in“讓步,投降”;give up“放棄,不抱希望”;give away“泄露,分發”。由句意可知,此處指“對她不抱任何希望”,故答案為C。

  【即境活用】

  11.He pretended to be a German,but his Swedish accent gave himself________.

  A.away

  B.up

  C.off

  D.out

  解析:選A。考查give的固定短語。句意:他假裝是德國人,但他的瑞典口音使他暴露了。“暴露”應用give away。give up指“放棄”;give off 指“放出,發出”;give out指“發出,分發”。

  句型梳理

  ①【教材原句】 Now I work in a centre for drug addicts,helping others to stop taking drugs.(P13)

  現在,我在一個戒毒中心工作,幫助其他吸毒者戒毒。

  【句法分析】 本句中的helping others to stop taking drugs是v.ing形式在句子中作狀語,表示方式或伴隨情況。

  ①The little girl stood there,crying for milk.

  這個小女孩站在那兒,哭著要牛奶喝。

  ②He worked late into the night,preparing an important report.

  他工作到深夜,在準備一個重要的報告。

  ③The teacher stood at the entrance,blocking the children’s way.

  老師站在入口處,擋住了孩子們的路。

  12.(高考四川卷)The lawyer listened with full attention,________to miss any point.

  A.not tryingB.trying not

  C.to try not

  D.not to try

  解析:選B。句意:這名律師全神貫注地聽,盡力不錯過任何要點。本題考查非謂語動詞作伴隨狀語。不定式作狀語時和前面的部分如用逗號隔開,表示意想不到的或事與愿違的結果,不定式前通常加only或never,所以動詞不定式在結構和題意上都不符合本題的要求,D項被排除;A、C兩項結構錯誤,也被排除。

  【即境活用】

  13.(高考重慶卷) The news shocked the public,________to great concern about students’ safety at school.

  A.having ledB.led

  C.leading

  D.to lead

  解析:選C。句意:這條資訊使廣大民眾感到很震驚,引起了人們對在校學生安全的擔憂。考查非謂語動詞作結果狀語。首先排除B和D兩項; having done指動作先于謂語動詞發生,在此不符合語境,故只能選擇C。

  ② 【教材原句】 Whatever you’re doing when you want to smoke—do something else!(P19)

  無論你在做什么,當你想抽煙時,做點別的事吧!

  【句法分析】 考查whatever的用法。(1)引導讓步狀語從句,在從句中作主語或賓語,其含義相當于no matter what,意為“無論,不管”,其位置可在主句前,也可在主句后。

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