高考英語配套教學課件《Unit 2 The Environment》專題語法攻略(十四) 虛擬語氣 譯林版必修5
一、虛擬語氣在條件句中的使用 三種 情況 if從句 主句 例句 與現在 事實相 反 主語+動詞的過去式(be的過去式用were) 主語+would/could/might/should+do If I were a bird,I could fly.如果我是一只鳥,我就能飛了。 三種 情況 if從句 主句 例句 與過去 事實相 反 主語+had+過去分詞 主語+would/ could/might/should+have
done If we had started earlier,we should not have missed the train.如果我們早點出發,就不會錯過這列火車了。 三種 情況 if從句 主句 例句 與將來 事實相 反 主語+動詞的過去式 主語+were to do 主語+should+do 主語+would/could/might/should+do If he should not arrive on time,we would call off the meeting.萬一他不能按時到,我們就取消會議。 [注意] (1)用介詞with,without,but for等替代條件句。 But for your advice,I could not have done it so successfully.要是沒有你的建議,我就不會那么成功。 The changes could not have taken place without the open door policy.要是沒有開放政策,就沒有這些變化。 (2)省略if的虛擬條件句。 if引導的虛擬條件句的謂語動詞中含有had,should,were時,可將if省略。而將had,should,were置于句首,采用倒裝語序,而句意不變。 Had he worked harder,he would have got through the exams.如果他學習刻苦些,他就會通過考試了。 Were she younger,she would do it. 如果她再年輕點,她會做這件事的。 Should it rain next week, the farmers would have a good harvest.倘若下周下雨,農民就會有好收成。 二、混合(時間)錯綜型虛擬條件句 通常情況下,在非真實條件句中主句和從句的謂語動詞所指的時間是一致的,但有時也可能指不同的時間,這時要根據上下文的意思采用不同的謂語動詞形式。即:從句和主句根據各自謂語動作發生的時間不同,采用相應的謂語動詞形式。 1.從句表示過去,主句表示現在
If they had started the early morning yesterday,they would
be here now.
如果他們昨天一大早出發的話,他們現在該到這里了。 2.從句表示將來,主句表示過去
If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this
afternoon,I would have gone to see the film with you last
night.如果不是準備今天下午的實驗,我昨晚就和你一塊
去看電影了。 3.從句表示過去,主句表示將來
If we hadn't made adequate preparations,we shouldn't
dare to do the experiment next week.
如果我們沒有做好充分準備,下周我們就不敢做此實驗。 4.從句表示將來,主句表示現在
If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon,I would go
shopping now.如果今天下午我們不考試,我現在就去購
物了。 5.從句表示現在,主句表示過去
If I were you,I would have gone to her birthday party.
如果我是你,我就去參加她的生日聚會了。 6.從句表示過去,主句表示過去和現在
If you hadn‘t lent me some money,I couldn’t have bought
the new house and most likely I would be still living in the
dangerous house now.如果你不借給我錢的話,我就不能
買新房子了,而且很可能我現在仍然住在危房里。
三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中的使用 1.wish的賓語從句的虛擬語氣有三種情況: (1)表示現在不能實現的愿望,從句謂語動詞用過去時; (2)表示過去不能實現的愿望,從句謂語動詞用過去完成時; (3)表示將來不能實現的愿望,從句謂語動詞用
“would/could/might+動詞原形”。
How I wish I were you!我多么希望我就是你!
I wish that I had never met her.我要是沒見過她就好了。 2.hope/expect/think等動詞的過去完成時后的賓語從句中,從
句謂語動詞用“would+動詞原形”,表示過去未實現的愿
望或未做成的事。
I had hoped that I would stay here for about a month,but I
changed my mind.我本希望在這里要呆上大約一個月,但后
來改變了想法。 3.would rather/would prefer的賓語從句中,表示現在或將來
的情況用一般過去時;表示過去的情況,用過去完成時。
He would rather he was the person who found the spot.
他希望他就是發現現場的那個人。
She would prefer that we had the discussion right after the
lecture.她愿意我們一聽完課就討論。 4.suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,
desire,insist等動詞后的賓語從句謂語用“(should+)動詞
原形”形式。
由上述動詞派生或轉化來的名詞的同位語從句或表語從句
中,也要用“(should+)動詞原形”的形式。這類詞有:
suggestion,proposal,plan,demand,order,desire,
request,requirement,advice,decision,insistence等。
I propose that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the
plan.我提議我們應該確定一個交計劃的最終期限。 They demanded that the company (should) make compensation for the loss.他們要求該公司賠償損失。 Reluctantly she accepted their proposal that she (should) be operated.她勉強地接受他們要她去做手術的建議。 The people expressed their desire that the war (should) come to an end soon.人民表達了早日結束戰爭的愿望。 [注意] 當insist作“堅持要求”解,suggest作“建議”解時, 賓語從句才用虛擬語氣。當insist作“堅持認為”解,sugg- est作“暗示,表明”解時,賓語從句通常不用虛擬語氣。 She insisted that he was wrong.她堅持(說)他錯了。 His remarks suggested that he misunderstood my position on the question. 他的話表明他誤解了我在這一問題上的立場。
5.as if/though引導的狀語從句或表語從句的虛擬語氣與wish
賓語從句的虛擬形式相同。
She looks as if she were ten years younger than me.
她看起來好像比我年輕10歲。
She looks after the wounded monkey as if it were her baby.
她照料這只受傷的猴子,就像它是自己的孩子一樣。 6.在由in case/so that/lest/for fear+that引導的狀語從句中,
謂語動詞要用虛擬形式,即should/might/would+動詞原
形。
She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch
cold.她在那個嬰兒身上蓋上了毯子以免他著涼。
He ran away lest he should be caught.
他逃走了以免被抓住。 7.It's (high/about) time+that從句
從句的謂語動詞要用過去式或should+動詞原形,表示虛
擬語氣。
You‘re lazy-it’s high time that you started working hard.你
太懶了——你該開始努力工作了。 8.It is+adj./done+that從句
在該結構中,如果形容詞或過去分詞是下面一些詞語,從句
謂語常用“(should+)動詞原形”,如advisable,decided,
appropriate,determined,commanded,arranged,insistent,
natural,insisted,necessary,suggested,urgent,ordered,
strange,preferable,proposed,requested,required等。
It is necessary that older people (should) understand what the
young think.
年長的人有必要了解年輕人在想些什么。
It is suggested that he often go out for a walk.
有人建議他應該經常出去走走。 9.if only引導的感嘆句中,謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣,用一般
過去時表示現在沒有實現的愿望,用過去完成時表示過去
沒有實現的愿望。
If only the driver hadn‘t driven so fast!
要是那位司機沒開那么快就好了!
一、虛擬語氣在條件句中的使用 三種 情況 if從句 主句 例句 與現在 事實相 反 主語+動詞的過去式(be的過去式用were) 主語+would/could/might/should+do If I were a bird,I could fly.如果我是一只鳥,我就能飛了。 三種 情況 if從句 主句 例句 與過去 事實相 反 主語+had+過去分詞 主語+would/ could/might/should+have
done If we had started earlier,we should not have missed the train.如果我們早點出發,就不會錯過這列火車了。 三種 情況 if從句 主句 例句 與將來 事實相 反 主語+動詞的過去式 主語+were to do 主語+should+do 主語+would/could/might/should+do If he should not arrive on time,we would call off the meeting.萬一他不能按時到,我們就取消會議。 [注意] (1)用介詞with,without,but for等替代條件句。 But for your advice,I could not have done it so successfully.要是沒有你的建議,我就不會那么成功。 The changes could not have taken place without the open door policy.要是沒有開放政策,就沒有這些變化。 (2)省略if的虛擬條件句。 if引導的虛擬條件句的謂語動詞中含有had,should,were時,可將if省略。而將had,should,were置于句首,采用倒裝語序,而句意不變。 Had he worked harder,he would have got through the exams.如果他學習刻苦些,他就會通過考試了。 Were she younger,she would do it. 如果她再年輕點,她會做這件事的。 Should it rain next week, the farmers would have a good harvest.倘若下周下雨,農民就會有好收成。 二、混合(時間)錯綜型虛擬條件句 通常情況下,在非真實條件句中主句和從句的謂語動詞所指的時間是一致的,但有時也可能指不同的時間,這時要根據上下文的意思采用不同的謂語動詞形式。即:從句和主句根據各自謂語動作發生的時間不同,采用相應的謂語動詞形式。 1.從句表示過去,主句表示現在
If they had started the early morning yesterday,they would
be here now.
如果他們昨天一大早出發的話,他們現在該到這里了。 2.從句表示將來,主句表示過去
If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this
afternoon,I would have gone to see the film with you last
night.如果不是準備今天下午的實驗,我昨晚就和你一塊
去看電影了。 3.從句表示過去,主句表示將來
If we hadn't made adequate preparations,we shouldn't
dare to do the experiment next week.
如果我們沒有做好充分準備,下周我們就不敢做此實驗。 4.從句表示將來,主句表示現在
If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon,I would go
shopping now.如果今天下午我們不考試,我現在就去購
物了。 5.從句表示現在,主句表示過去
If I were you,I would have gone to her birthday party.
如果我是你,我就去參加她的生日聚會了。 6.從句表示過去,主句表示過去和現在
If you hadn‘t lent me some money,I couldn’t have bought
the new house and most likely I would be still living in the
dangerous house now.如果你不借給我錢的話,我就不能
買新房子了,而且很可能我現在仍然住在危房里。
三、虛擬語氣在其他從句中的使用 1.wish的賓語從句的虛擬語氣有三種情況: (1)表示現在不能實現的愿望,從句謂語動詞用過去時; (2)表示過去不能實現的愿望,從句謂語動詞用過去完成時; (3)表示將來不能實現的愿望,從句謂語動詞用
“would/could/might+動詞原形”。
How I wish I were you!我多么希望我就是你!
I wish that I had never met her.我要是沒見過她就好了。 2.hope/expect/think等動詞的過去完成時后的賓語從句中,從
句謂語動詞用“would+動詞原形”,表示過去未實現的愿
望或未做成的事。
I had hoped that I would stay here for about a month,but I
changed my mind.我本希望在這里要呆上大約一個月,但后
來改變了想法。 3.would rather/would prefer的賓語從句中,表示現在或將來
的情況用一般過去時;表示過去的情況,用過去完成時。
He would rather he was the person who found the spot.
他希望他就是發現現場的那個人。
She would prefer that we had the discussion right after the
lecture.她愿意我們一聽完課就討論。 4.suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,
desire,insist等動詞后的賓語從句謂語用“(should+)動詞
原形”形式。
由上述動詞派生或轉化來的名詞的同位語從句或表語從句
中,也要用“(should+)動詞原形”的形式。這類詞有:
suggestion,proposal,plan,demand,order,desire,
request,requirement,advice,decision,insistence等。
I propose that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the
plan.我提議我們應該確定一個交計劃的最終期限。 They demanded that the company (should) make compensation for the loss.他們要求該公司賠償損失。 Reluctantly she accepted their proposal that she (should) be operated.她勉強地接受他們要她去做手術的建議。 The people expressed their desire that the war (should) come to an end soon.人民表達了早日結束戰爭的愿望。 [注意] 當insist作“堅持要求”解,suggest作“建議”解時, 賓語從句才用虛擬語氣。當insist作“堅持認為”解,sugg- est作“暗示,表明”解時,賓語從句通常不用虛擬語氣。 She insisted that he was wrong.她堅持(說)他錯了。 His remarks suggested that he misunderstood my position on the question. 他的話表明他誤解了我在這一問題上的立場。
5.as if/though引導的狀語從句或表語從句的虛擬語氣與wish
賓語從句的虛擬形式相同。
She looks as if she were ten years younger than me.
她看起來好像比我年輕10歲。
She looks after the wounded monkey as if it were her baby.
她照料這只受傷的猴子,就像它是自己的孩子一樣。 6.在由in case/so that/lest/for fear+that引導的狀語從句中,
謂語動詞要用虛擬形式,即should/might/would+動詞原
形。
She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch
cold.她在那個嬰兒身上蓋上了毯子以免他著涼。
He ran away lest he should be caught.
他逃走了以免被抓住。 7.It's (high/about) time+that從句
從句的謂語動詞要用過去式或should+動詞原形,表示虛
擬語氣。
You‘re lazy-it’s high time that you started working hard.你
太懶了——你該開始努力工作了。 8.It is+adj./done+that從句
在該結構中,如果形容詞或過去分詞是下面一些詞語,從句
謂語常用“(should+)動詞原形”,如advisable,decided,
appropriate,determined,commanded,arranged,insistent,
natural,insisted,necessary,suggested,urgent,ordered,
strange,preferable,proposed,requested,required等。
It is necessary that older people (should) understand what the
young think.
年長的人有必要了解年輕人在想些什么。
It is suggested that he often go out for a walk.
有人建議他應該經常出去走走。 9.if only引導的感嘆句中,謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣,用一般
過去時表示現在沒有實現的愿望,用過去完成時表示過去
沒有實現的愿望。
If only the driver hadn‘t driven so fast!
要是那位司機沒開那么快就好了!