2024屆高考英語考前沖刺:強化形容詞及副詞
2024屆高考英語考前沖刺專題強化形容詞及副詞
一、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級
形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級是近幾年高考的熱點,其中句型“倍數+as+形容詞/副詞原級+as”和“倍數+more than...”更是常考項目。
1.表示倍數的5個句型:
(1)...times as+形容詞/副詞原級+as...
(2)...times
the+性質名詞+of...
(3)...times+形容詞/副詞比較級+than...
(4)...times that of...
(5)...times what it was...
2.同級的比較,用as...as,the same...as結構。
3.“the+比較級……,the+比較級……”表示“越……,越……”。
4.“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越……”。
5.“the+比較級+of the two+名詞復數”表示“兩者中較……的一個”。
6.用介詞by表示相差的程度。
7.一個人的兩種品性的比較,用“more...than...”結構。
8.“否定詞+比較級”相當于最高級。
9.比較的對象不能相互包容,注意:
any other+單數名詞
all(the)other+復數名詞
比較級+than+anyone else
any of the other+復數名詞
the rest of+復數名詞或不可數名詞
[典例1] (2011年高考江西卷)—The film is,I have to say,not a bit interesting.
—Why? It's________than the films I have ever seen.A.far more interesting
B.much less interesting
C.no more interesting
D.any less interesting
[解析] 句意:“我不得不說,這部電影一點兒也沒意思。”“為什么?它比我曾看過的電影有趣多了。”根據Why?可知第二句應與第一句持相反觀點,即“認為電影有趣”。而選項中只有A項表示有趣。far 用在比較級前表示程度較大的差異。
[答案] A
[典例2] Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's,but it cost ________his.
A.as much twice as
B.twice as much as
C.much as twice as
D.as twice much as
[解析] 本題句意應為:彼得的夾克看上去與杰克的相同,但價格卻是他的兩倍。表達倍數可用“倍數詞+as+adj./adv.+as”結構。
[答案] B
二、形容詞作狀語
形容詞用作狀語在中學課本中出現過。
He stood there,full of fear.他站在那兒,充滿了恐懼。
He returned home,safe and sound.他安然無恙地回到了家。
He went to bed,cold and hungry.他又冷又餓地去睡覺了。
形容詞作狀語和副詞作狀語的區別:
形容詞作狀語是補充說明句中主語的狀態,實際相當于一個“主+系+表”句子的省略,該形容詞實際上是句中的表語;副詞則是修飾句中動詞或整個句子的。
He told us the good news,excited.
他把那個好消息告訴了我們,他非常興奮。
比較:He told us the good news excitedly.
他非常興奮地把那個好消息告訴了我們。
三、形容詞、副詞的辨析
1.詞形相近的形容詞或副詞的詞義辨析
[典例3] Lots of families once suffering poverty are now living in ________comfort and some of them are even wealthy now.
A.competitive
B.conservative
C.comparative
D.comprehensive
[解析] 本題考查形容詞辨析。根據語境判斷,此處表示人們生活在“相對的”安逸中。comparative相對的;competitive競爭的;conservative保守的;comprehensive廣泛的,綜合的。
[答案] C
2.詞義相近的形容詞或副詞的詞義辨析
[典例4] Mistakes don't just happen;they occur for a reason.Find out the reason,and then making the mistake becomes ________.
A.favourable
B.precious
C.essential
D.worthwhile
[解析] worthwhile意為“值得做的,有價值的”,符合題意。此處意為“犯錯誤是值得的”。favourable有利的,贊同的;precious珍貴的;essential本質的。
[答案] D
3.形式上易混淆的形容詞和副詞
有些詞尾加ly的詞是形容詞而不是副詞,如friendly,lovely等。有些副詞詞尾加不加ly意義不同,如:deep“深”,指具體概念,deeply“深深地”,指抽象概念;high“高”,指具體概念,highly“高度地”,指抽象概念;wide寬闊地,widely廣泛地;free免費地,freely自由地等。
四、特殊比較結構所表示的意義
1.more的幾個短語
more than多于,不僅僅,不只;no more than“僅僅,只是(=only)”,后面接名詞或數詞;more...than...與其說……倒不如說……。
—Tom is wise enough to achieve his success.
—But in my opinion,he is more lucky than wise.
[典例5] —Do you need any help,Lucy?
—Yes.The job is ________I could do myself.
A.less than
B.more than
C.no more than
D.not more than
[解析] 根據語境判斷,Lucy需要對方的幫助,這說明以她一個人的能力不能完成這份工作。因此用more than表示工作難度大。
[答案] B
2.would rather do sth.than do sth./prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.表示“寧愿……不愿……”。
He would rather beg in the street than get money in such a dishonest way.
3.the+比較級,the+比較級表示“越……越……”。
The more the fans watched the football game,the more excited they became.
4.比較級+and+比較級表示“越來越……”;多音節則用“more and more+原級”。
As we were watching the football game,we were becoming more and more excited.
高分秘笈
識別特殊的形容詞
1.以a開頭的形容詞多作表語,若作定語,須后置。此類形容詞不用very修飾,但可用其他副詞修飾。
The fish is alive.
He is a great man alive.
2.某些表示健康狀況或感覺反應的形容詞只作表語。如:faint,ill,glad,pleased,sorry,well,content等。
3.下列以ly結尾的詞是形容詞,不是副詞:lively活潑的;lonely孤獨的;lovely可愛的;deadly致命的;friendly友好的;ugly丑陋的;silly傻的;motherly慈母般的;brotherly兄弟般的;sickly多病的;likely可能的;kindly關懷的。如:a sickly child一個多病的孩子;be likely of success有可能成功;an ugly wound一個丑陋的傷口;a friendly match一場友誼賽。
1.(2011年高考江西卷)She has already tried her best.Please don't be too ________about her job.
A.special B.responsible
C.unusual
D.particular
解析:句意:她已經盡力了,請不要過分挑剔她的工作。be particular about...“對……苛求、挑剔”,是固定結構。
答案:D
2.(2011年高考陜西卷)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ________ the present one.
A.as three times big as
B.three times as big as
C.as big as three times
D.as big three times as
解析:句意:正在建的下一屆亞運會的新體育館是現在的體育館的3倍大。本題考查倍數表達法的句型,該題中體現的倍數表達法的句型是:倍數+as...as...。
答案:B
3.(2011年高考福建卷)Nowadays, there is a________increase in children's creativity,for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.
A.sharp
B.slight
C.natural
D.modest
解析:句意:現在,孩子的創造力劇增,因為我們都非常鼓勵他們發展自己的天賦。sharp 急劇的;slight 稍微的,極小的;natural 自然的;modest 謙遜的。由語境greatly encouraged (極力鼓勵)可知a sharp increase in children's creativity(孩子的創造力的劇增),故A項正確。
答案:A
4.(2011年高考浙江卷)The professor could tell by the ________ look in Maria's eyes that she didn't understand a single word of his lecture.
A.cold
B.blank
C.innocent
D.fresh
解析:cold冷的;blank空白的,茫然的;innocent 無罪的,天真的;fresh 新鮮的。句意:教授能夠從瑪麗亞眼里的茫然表情看出她對于他的演講一點兒都不懂。表示“茫然的”用blank。
答案:B
5.(2011年高考浙江卷)I've been writing this report ________ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
A.finally
B.immediately
C.occasionally
D.certainly
解析:finally 最后,終于;immediately 立即,馬上;occasionally 偶爾;certainly 當然。句意:在過去的兩周里,我偶爾在寫這份報告,但是明天就必須要上交了。根據句意和邏輯,此處應表示沒完成之意,所以空格處用occasionally。
答案:C
2024屆高考英語考前沖刺專題強化形容詞及副詞
一、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級
形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級是近幾年高考的熱點,其中句型“倍數+as+形容詞/副詞原級+as”和“倍數+more than...”更是常考項目。
1.表示倍數的5個句型:
(1)...times as+形容詞/副詞原級+as...
(2)...times
the+性質名詞+of...
(3)...times+形容詞/副詞比較級+than...
(4)...times that of...
(5)...times what it was...
2.同級的比較,用as...as,the same...as結構。
3.“the+比較級……,the+比較級……”表示“越……,越……”。
4.“比較級+and+比較級”表示“越來越……”。
5.“the+比較級+of the two+名詞復數”表示“兩者中較……的一個”。
6.用介詞by表示相差的程度。
7.一個人的兩種品性的比較,用“more...than...”結構。
8.“否定詞+比較級”相當于最高級。
9.比較的對象不能相互包容,注意:
any other+單數名詞
all(the)other+復數名詞
比較級+than+anyone else
any of the other+復數名詞
the rest of+復數名詞或不可數名詞
[典例1] (2011年高考江西卷)—The film is,I have to say,not a bit interesting.
—Why? It's________than the films I have ever seen.A.far more interesting
B.much less interesting
C.no more interesting
D.any less interesting
[解析] 句意:“我不得不說,這部電影一點兒也沒意思。”“為什么?它比我曾看過的電影有趣多了。”根據Why?可知第二句應與第一句持相反觀點,即“認為電影有趣”。而選項中只有A項表示有趣。far 用在比較級前表示程度較大的差異。
[答案] A
[典例2] Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's,but it cost ________his.
A.as much twice as
B.twice as much as
C.much as twice as
D.as twice much as
[解析] 本題句意應為:彼得的夾克看上去與杰克的相同,但價格卻是他的兩倍。表達倍數可用“倍數詞+as+adj./adv.+as”結構。
[答案] B
二、形容詞作狀語
形容詞用作狀語在中學課本中出現過。
He stood there,full of fear.他站在那兒,充滿了恐懼。
He returned home,safe and sound.他安然無恙地回到了家。
He went to bed,cold and hungry.他又冷又餓地去睡覺了。
形容詞作狀語和副詞作狀語的區別:
形容詞作狀語是補充說明句中主語的狀態,實際相當于一個“主+系+表”句子的省略,該形容詞實際上是句中的表語;副詞則是修飾句中動詞或整個句子的。
He told us the good news,excited.
他把那個好消息告訴了我們,他非常興奮。
比較:He told us the good news excitedly.
他非常興奮地把那個好消息告訴了我們。
三、形容詞、副詞的辨析
1.詞形相近的形容詞或副詞的詞義辨析
[典例3] Lots of families once suffering poverty are now living in ________comfort and some of them are even wealthy now.
A.competitive
B.conservative
C.comparative
D.comprehensive
[解析] 本題考查形容詞辨析。根據語境判斷,此處表示人們生活在“相對的”安逸中。comparative相對的;competitive競爭的;conservative保守的;comprehensive廣泛的,綜合的。
[答案] C
2.詞義相近的形容詞或副詞的詞義辨析
[典例4] Mistakes don't just happen;they occur for a reason.Find out the reason,and then making the mistake becomes ________.
A.favourable
B.precious
C.essential
D.worthwhile
[解析] worthwhile意為“值得做的,有價值的”,符合題意。此處意為“犯錯誤是值得的”。favourable有利的,贊同的;precious珍貴的;essential本質的。
[答案] D
3.形式上易混淆的形容詞和副詞
有些詞尾加ly的詞是形容詞而不是副詞,如friendly,lovely等。有些副詞詞尾加不加ly意義不同,如:deep“深”,指具體概念,deeply“深深地”,指抽象概念;high“高”,指具體概念,highly“高度地”,指抽象概念;wide寬闊地,widely廣泛地;free免費地,freely自由地等。
四、特殊比較結構所表示的意義
1.more的幾個短語
more than多于,不僅僅,不只;no more than“僅僅,只是(=only)”,后面接名詞或數詞;more...than...與其說……倒不如說……。
—Tom is wise enough to achieve his success.
—But in my opinion,he is more lucky than wise.
[典例5] —Do you need any help,Lucy?
—Yes.The job is ________I could do myself.
A.less than
B.more than
C.no more than
D.not more than
[解析] 根據語境判斷,Lucy需要對方的幫助,這說明以她一個人的能力不能完成這份工作。因此用more than表示工作難度大。
[答案] B
2.would rather do sth.than do sth./prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.表示“寧愿……不愿……”。
He would rather beg in the street than get money in such a dishonest way.
3.the+比較級,the+比較級表示“越……越……”。
The more the fans watched the football game,the more excited they became.
4.比較級+and+比較級表示“越來越……”;多音節則用“more and more+原級”。
As we were watching the football game,we were becoming more and more excited.
高分秘笈
識別特殊的形容詞
1.以a開頭的形容詞多作表語,若作定語,須后置。此類形容詞不用very修飾,但可用其他副詞修飾。
The fish is alive.
He is a great man alive.
2.某些表示健康狀況或感覺反應的形容詞只作表語。如:faint,ill,glad,pleased,sorry,well,content等。
3.下列以ly結尾的詞是形容詞,不是副詞:lively活潑的;lonely孤獨的;lovely可愛的;deadly致命的;friendly友好的;ugly丑陋的;silly傻的;motherly慈母般的;brotherly兄弟般的;sickly多病的;likely可能的;kindly關懷的。如:a sickly child一個多病的孩子;be likely of success有可能成功;an ugly wound一個丑陋的傷口;a friendly match一場友誼賽。
1.(2011年高考江西卷)She has already tried her best.Please don't be too ________about her job.
A.special B.responsible
C.unusual
D.particular
解析:句意:她已經盡力了,請不要過分挑剔她的工作。be particular about...“對……苛求、挑剔”,是固定結構。
答案:D
2.(2011年高考陜西卷)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ________ the present one.
A.as three times big as
B.three times as big as
C.as big as three times
D.as big three times as
解析:句意:正在建的下一屆亞運會的新體育館是現在的體育館的3倍大。本題考查倍數表達法的句型,該題中體現的倍數表達法的句型是:倍數+as...as...。
答案:B
3.(2011年高考福建卷)Nowadays, there is a________increase in children's creativity,for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.
A.sharp
B.slight
C.natural
D.modest
解析:句意:現在,孩子的創造力劇增,因為我們都非常鼓勵他們發展自己的天賦。sharp 急劇的;slight 稍微的,極小的;natural 自然的;modest 謙遜的。由語境greatly encouraged (極力鼓勵)可知a sharp increase in children's creativity(孩子的創造力的劇增),故A項正確。
答案:A
4.(2011年高考浙江卷)The professor could tell by the ________ look in Maria's eyes that she didn't understand a single word of his lecture.
A.cold
B.blank
C.innocent
D.fresh
解析:cold冷的;blank空白的,茫然的;innocent 無罪的,天真的;fresh 新鮮的。句意:教授能夠從瑪麗亞眼里的茫然表情看出她對于他的演講一點兒都不懂。表示“茫然的”用blank。
答案:B
5.(2011年高考浙江卷)I've been writing this report ________ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
A.finally
B.immediately
C.occasionally
D.certainly
解析:finally 最后,終于;immediately 立即,馬上;occasionally 偶爾;certainly 當然。句意:在過去的兩周里,我偶爾在寫這份報告,但是明天就必須要上交了。根據句意和邏輯,此處應表示沒完成之意,所以空格處用occasionally。
答案:C