高三英語二輪三輪總復習 重點突破專題一 第六講 動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)課件(人教版)
解析:考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:(他們)在澳大利亞發(fā)現(xiàn)了金子,這使成千上萬的人相信他們就要發(fā)財了。主句的謂語動詞為一般過去時,因此believe后的賓語從句中謂語動詞用過去將來時表示過去即將發(fā)生的動作;短語make a fortune意為“賺大錢”,make和fortune為動賓關系,此處應用被動語態(tài),因此答案為C。 答案:C 2.(2010·北京高考)In the spoken English of some areas in
the US,the “r” sounds at the end of the words ________. A.are dropped
B.drop C.are being dropped
D.have dropped 解析:此題考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。此句的主語與動詞drop之間是被動關系,故可排除B、D兩項;C項是進行時的被動語態(tài),不符合題意。 答案:A 3.(2010·陜西高考)It is reported that many a new house
________ at present in the disaster area. A.are being built
B.were being built C.was being built
D.is being built 解析:此題考查語態(tài)和主謂一致。“many a+名詞”作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù),根據(jù)at present可知,時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時。句意:據(jù)報道,目前災區(qū)人們正在建設大量新房屋。 答案:D 4.(2010·福建高考)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in
Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ________ before leaving their hometowns. A.promised
B.were promised C.have promised
D.have been promised 解析:考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。本題說的是目前的一種現(xiàn)象,故用現(xiàn)在時,排除A、B兩項;又因they與promise之間為被動關系,故應該用被動語態(tài),排除C項。故選D項。 答案:D 5.(2010·四川高考)You've failed to do what you ________ to
and I'm afraid the teacher will blame you. A.will expect
B.will be expected C.expected
D.were expected 解析:考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。由語意“你沒能按照你被期望的那樣去做……”可知,賓語從句中用一般過去時;從句中的主語you是動詞expect的承受者,故謂語動詞用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。 答案:D 做有關被動語態(tài)的題目可以分兩步走:第一步確定正確的時態(tài),第二步確定正確的語態(tài)。判斷用主動語態(tài)還是用被動語態(tài)的根據(jù)是看主語與謂語動詞之間的關系:如果是主謂關系則用主動語態(tài),如果是動賓關系則用被動語態(tài)。 1.get+過去分詞表被動 They got married last week.他們上周結婚了。 He fell and got hurt.他摔倒受傷了。 2.主動形式表被動意義 (1)系動詞look,feel,sound,smell,taste,seem,appear, go,prove,turn等+形容詞/名詞。 Ice feels cold.冰摸上去涼。 His plan proved (to be) practical. 他的計劃被證明符合實際。 (2)表示主語的某種屬性的詞:read,write,act,cut,draw, drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,look,shut等。 The books sell well.這些書暢銷。 The door won't lock.門鎖不上。 This coat dries easily.這種外衣容易干。 The plan worked out wonderfully. 這計劃進行得很順利。 The engine won't start.引擎發(fā)動不起來。 The pen writes smoothly.這只鋼筆寫起來流利。 過去進行時的用法 1.過去某一時刻正在進行的動作或某動作在某一階段內發(fā) 生或頻繁發(fā)生。常常與at that time,at this time yesterday 等時間狀語連用。 I was reading an interesting book at this time yesterday. 昨天的這個時候我正在讀一本有趣的書。 2.某一動作發(fā)生時另一動作正在發(fā)生,其中一個在由when 或while引導的時間狀語從句中。持續(xù)性動作用過去進行時,短暫性動作用一般過去時。 Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. 當沒人注意的時候,湯姆溜進屋來。 As she was reading the newspaper,Granny fell asleep. 奶奶讀著報就睡著了。 The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it.那位記者說,當他看到時,不明飛行物正在自東向西飛行。 1.(2010·北京高考)—I'm not finished with my dinner yet. —But our friends ________ for us. A.will wait
B.wait C.have waited
D.are waiting 解析:考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:“我還沒吃完飯呢。” “但我們的朋友在等我們。”表示此刻動作正在進行,故選D。 答案:D 2.(2010·上海高考)The church tower which ________ will
be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished. A.has restored
B.has been restored C.is restoring
D.is being restored 解析:考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:教堂的鐘塔正在修復,不久就會對游客開放。修復工作差不多完成了。根據(jù)語境,主語tower和動詞restore之間是被動關系,A、C兩項被排除;又由句意可知修復工作還未完成,而是正在進行中,所以不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時,要用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)。 答案:D 3.(2008·重慶高考)Teenagers ________ their health because
they play computer games too much. A.have damaged
B.are damaging C.damaged
D.will damage 解析:句意:青少年們正在損害自己的健康,因為他們玩的電腦游戲太多了。根據(jù)句意,青少年損害健康這一現(xiàn)象尚未完成,符合“進行體具有未完性”的特點。故選B。 答案:B 高考題對現(xiàn)在進行時的考查往往是在具體的語境中進行的,不給出具體的時間狀語,要求考生能夠通過語境判斷出該動作正在進行。 1.表示說話時正在發(fā)生著的一個動作;表示現(xiàn)階段但不一 定是發(fā)生在講話時的一個動作;表近期特定的安排或計劃;go,come等表示起止動作的動詞可用進行時代替將來時。 He is teaching English and learning Chinese. 他正教英語和學習漢語。 The girl is always talking loud in public.(與always,often等頻度副詞連用,表示某種感情色彩) 這個小女孩總是在公眾場合下大聲談話。 2.下面四類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進行時。表示感官的動詞:see, hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞:like,love,hate,care,believe,want,mind,wish。表示存在的狀態(tài)的動詞:appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belong to,have,own。表示一時性動作的動詞:allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。 1.(2010·天津高考)We ________ on this project for four hours.
Let's have a rest. A.are working
B.have been working C.worked
D.had worked 解析:此題考查時態(tài)。由句子語境可知,工作已持續(xù)了四個小時,且說話時仍在工作,故用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。 答案:B 2.(2010·江蘇高考)—Why,Jack,you look so tired! —Well,I ________ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. A.was painting
B.will be painting C.have painted
D.have been painting 解析:考查時態(tài)。答話人敘述的是現(xiàn)在的事實,再結合答語中的時間狀語可知答話人從過去到現(xiàn)在一直在粉刷房子,而且還要持續(xù)下去,所以用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。 答案:D 3.(2010·陜西高考)I have to see the doctor because I ______ a
lot lately. A.have been coughing
B.had coughed C.coughed
D.cough 解析:此題考查時態(tài)。由lately可知,該句表示目前一直存在的狀態(tài)。句意:因為我最近一直咳嗽的厲害所以我必須去看醫(yī)生。 答案:A 4.(2010·江西高考)Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she ________ since her marriage to Father. A.shoulders
B.shouldered C.is shouldering
D.has been shouldering 解析:考查時態(tài)。由since介詞短語可知,shoulder所表示的動作自兩人結婚起一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,且現(xiàn)在仍在進行。故用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。注意選擇不要受wanted的影響。 答案:D 用題干中給出的時間狀語判斷動作是否一直在持續(xù),并且是否持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,如果是就用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。 現(xiàn)在完成進行時有以下幾種用法 1.表示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作,并且現(xiàn)在 還在進行。 I have been learning English since three years ago. 三年以來我一直在學英語。(現(xiàn)在還在學) The workers have been building the bridge for five months. 工人們建造這座橋已經5個月了。(現(xiàn)在還在修建) 2.表示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作,在說話時 剛剛結束。 Where have you been?We have been looking for you everywhere. 你剛才去了哪里?我們一直在到處找你。 1.(2010·福建高考)—Guess what,we've got our visas for a
short-term visit to the UK this summer. —How nice! You ________ a different culture then. A.will be experiencing
B.have experienced C.have been experiencing
D.will have experienced 解析:考查時態(tài)。由then可知,此處表示將來的某個時候在做某事,故用將來進行時,故選A項。 答案:A 2.(2010·浙江高考)If you plant watermelon seeds in the
spring,you ________ fresh watermelon in the fall. A.eat
B.would eat C.have eaten
D.will be eating 解析:考查動詞的時態(tài)。從if條件句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)可以知道,主句應該用將來時態(tài),故排除A、B和C項。D項是將來進行時態(tài),強調“將來某個時刻正在進行的動作”,符合語意和語法。 答案:D 3.(2009·安徽高考)Daniel's family ________ their holiday in
Huangshan this time next week. A.are enjoying
B.are to enjoy C.will enjoy
D.will be enjoying 解析:由時間狀語“this time next week”可知這里表示的動作是將來某一個時刻正在進行的動作,故用將來進行時,選D。 答案:D 命題人在考查將來進行時的時候往往在題干中給出具體的時間狀語,考生可以根據(jù)所給的時間狀語來判斷動作發(fā)生的時間。 將來進行時的用法 將來進行時可用于表示將來某個時刻正在發(fā)生的動作或者將來某一段時間內正在進行的動作。將來進行時常與一些標志性的時間狀語連用。這些常見的標志性狀語有:at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow,from 1∶30 to 4∶30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow。 I will be having a gathering party with my friends at this time tomorrow. 明天這時我將與朋友一起正在聚會。 I will be having a meeting from 2∶30 to 5∶30 tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午2∶30到5∶30我們將正在開會。 1.(全國卷Ⅰ)The discovery of gold in Australia led
thousands to believe that a fortune ________. A.is made
B.would make C.was to be made
D.had made 解析:考查時態(tài)的判斷。句意:當你到家時,給我打個電話好讓我知道你已經安全到達。根據(jù)意思,可知現(xiàn)在完成時符合語言環(huán)境。 答案:B 2.(2010·山東高考)Up to now,the program ________
thousands of children who would otherwise have died. A.would save
B.saves C.had saved
D.has saved 解析:考查現(xiàn)在完成時。句意:到現(xiàn)在為止,該項目已救助了上千名不然就會面臨死亡的孩子。up to now通常和現(xiàn)在完成時連用。 答案:D 3.(2010·北京高考)—I'm sorry,but I don't quite follow you.
Did you say you wanted to return on September 20? —Sorry,I ________ myself clear. We want to return on October 20. A.hadn't made
B.wouldn't make C.don't make
D.haven't made 解析:此題考查時態(tài)。答語為:對不起,我自己還沒弄清楚。因自己沒弄清楚而造成對方誤解,即這一動作對現(xiàn)在造成了影響,故用現(xiàn)在完成時。A項是指過去的過去;B項是指過去將來;C項表示經常性、習慣性的動作。 答案:D 4.(2010?浙江高考)For many years,people ________
electric cars. However,making them has been more difficult than predicted. A.had dreamed of
B.have dreamed of C.dreamed of
D.dream of 解析:考查時態(tài)。從for many years可知,此處謂語動詞用完成時態(tài),排除C項和D項;又因后一句用的是現(xiàn)在時態(tài),故排除A項。據(jù)此答案應該選B項“現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)”。 答案:B 5.(2010·四川高考)—When shall we restart our business? —Not until we ________ our plan. A.will finish
B.are finishing C.are to finish
D.have finished 解析:考查動詞時態(tài)。在時間狀語從句中,當表示將來完成的意義時,用現(xiàn)在完成時代替將來完成時。 答案:D 考生要善于通過已經給出的時間狀語、固定句型以及上下文的暗示準確判斷應該使用哪種時態(tài)。如果句中出現(xiàn)了“for/over+一段時間”“since+過去時間”或時態(tài)為一般過去時的從句等或句中出現(xiàn)了already,never,yet等副詞,往往要用現(xiàn)在完成時。 現(xiàn)在完成時的用法 現(xiàn)在完成時除可以和for或since引導的狀語連用外,還可以和下面的介詞短語連用:during/in/over the last (past) few years (months,weeks),in recent years等。 下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時: 1.It is (has been)+一段時間+since從句 This (That/It)is the first(second...) time that+完成時 (2009·陜西高考)This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 這是我們全家第一次到電影院看電影。 2.在條件、時間、讓步狀語從句中,表示將來某時以前已 完成的動作。 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.只有我親自看到,我才會相信你的話。(強調“看 完”) I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. 我干完了工作就和你一起去。(強調“干完”) 1.(2010·北京高考)It took me a long time before I was able to
fully appreciate what they ________ for me. A.had done
B.did C.would do
D.were doing 解析:此題考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:我花了很長時間才能夠完全理解他們?yōu)槲宜龅囊磺小S烧Z境可知,do這一動作發(fā)生在took動作之前,表示過去的過去,故選A。 答案:A 2.(2010·安徽高考)—Were you surprised by the ending of
the film? —No,I ______ the book,so I already knew the story. A.was reading
B.had read C.am reading
D.have read 解析:考查時態(tài)。問句用的是一般過去時,答語的意思是在此之前已經讀過了這本書,所以用過去完成時。 答案:B 3.(2010·湖南高考)I was just going to cut my rose bushes but
someone ________ it.Was it you? A.has done
B.had done C.would do
D.will do 解析:考查時態(tài)。do表示的動作發(fā)生在was just going to cut my rose bushes之前,即“過去的過去”,故用過去完成時。 答案:B 4.(2009·重慶高考)She stared at the painting,wondering
where she ________it. A.saw
B.has seen C.sees
D.had seen 解析:句意:她盯著那幅畫看,琢磨她是在哪里見過它。由stared可知后面空格處的動作發(fā)生在stared這一過去動作之前,因此要用過去完成時表示,故選D。 答案:D 因為過去完成時是一個相對的時態(tài),考生做題時關鍵看該動作是否發(fā)生在題干中所給的過去的動作或過去的時間之前,如果是就用過去完成時,如果不是就用一般過去時。 過去完成時表示發(fā)生在“過去的過去”的動作,常用于以下幾種情況中: 1.by,by the end,by the time,until,before,since后接 表示過去某一時間的短語或從句,主句用過去完成時。 By the end of last year,another new cinema had been built in our city. 到去年年末,我們城市又建了一座新電影院。 I had learnt 5,000 words before I entered the university. 在我上大學前就學了5,000個單詞。 2.表示“一……就……”的幾個固定句型:Hardly/No
sooner/Scarcely had+主語+過去分詞+when/than/before+從句(一般過去時)。 Hardly(No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down.我剛到家大雨就傾盆而下。 Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tyre. 我們才剛剛動身,汽車的輪胎就漏氣了。 3.intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect, think等動詞的過去完成時可用來表示一個本來打算做而實際上沒有做的事。這種用法也可表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的設想意圖或希望,含有某種惋惜。 I had intended to call on you yesterday,but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave. 我昨天本來要去看你的,但是剛要出門就有人來訪。 I had meant to help you,but I was too busy at the moment.我本想去幫你的,但當時確實太忙了。 1.(2010·湖南高考)I walked slowly through the market,where
people ________ all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. A.sell
B.were selling C.had sold
D.have sold 解析:考查時態(tài)。此處為“我”在市場慢走時所看到的那幅情景,即過去某個時候正在發(fā)生的動作,故用過去進行時。 答案:B 2.(2010·全國卷Ⅰ)—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre? —No,I ________ my homework all day yesterday. A.was doing
B.would do C.had done
D.do 解析:考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語all day yesterday可知“昨天我一整天都在寫作業(yè)”。表示在過去某個時間段正在進行的動作,應用過去進行時,因此答案為A。 答案:A 3.(2009·山東高考)I was out of town at the time,so I don't
know exactly how it ________. A.was happening
B.happened C.happens
D.has happened 解析:句意:那時我不在鎮(zhèn)上,因此我不知道那時候究竟發(fā)生了什么事情。由時間狀語at the time以及exactly可知這里強調“當時”正在發(fā)生的動作,要用過去進行時表示,故選A。 答案:A 命題人在考查過去進行時時往往會在題干中給出一些具體的時間狀語或者給出一定的語境,讓考生能夠判斷出該動作在過去某一時候正在進行。 1.(2010·全國卷Ⅱ)Excuse me.I ________ I was blocking
your way. A.didn't realize
B.don't realize C.haven't realized
D.wasn't realizing 解析:考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)第二句后半部分的內容可知敘述的是過去的情況,此處表示的是說話之前沒有意識到擋住了對方的路,所以用一般過去時。 答案:A 2.(2010·重慶高考)The book has been translated into thirty
languages since it ________ on the market in 1973. A.had come
B.has come C.came
D.comes 解析:考查時態(tài)。since所引導的從句通常用一般過去時。 答案:C 3.(2010·安徽高考)Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he ________. A.was busy B.is busy C.had been busy
D.will be busy 解析:考查時態(tài)。would have done表示本來要做某事,可是實際上并沒有做,是對過去事情的虛擬。此處but說明實際情況。故用一般過去時。 答案:A 4.(2009·四川高考)—You speak very good French! —Thanks.I ________ French in Sichuan University for four years. A.studied
B.study C.was studying
D.had studied 解析:句意:“你的法語說得真好!”“謝謝。我在四川大學學過四年的法語。”由語境可知“學習法語”的動作發(fā)生在過去,要用一般過去時表示。 答案:A 5.(2009?重慶高考)—I've got to go now. —Must you?I ________ you could stay for dinner with us. A.think
B.thought C.have thought
D.am thinking 解析:由語境可知這里的“我原以為你要留下來和我們一起吃飯”是發(fā)生在過去,強調動作本身,只表示發(fā)生過這件事,并不強調動作對現(xiàn)在的影響,因此用一般過去時而不用現(xiàn)在完成時。故選B。 答案:B 1.解答考查一般過去時這類題目的關鍵是根據(jù)語境判斷動 作是否發(fā)生在過去。 2.一般過去時的基本用法:表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài), 常與表示過去的時間狀語連用(或上下文語境有暗示); 用于表示過去的習慣;表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到 的事。 —If the traffic hadn't been so heavy,I could have been back by 6 o'clock.要是交通不那么擁擠的話,六點之前我本來能夠回來的。 —What a pity!Tina was here to see you. 太可惜了!Tina來這里看望你了。 3.在過去某一具體時間的前提下發(fā)生了某件事情要用一般 過去時表示。 —Have you ever seen that movie? 你曾看過那部電影嗎? —Yes.When I was in Tokyo,I saw it three times. 是的,當我在東京時,我看過三次。 4.表示兩個緊接著發(fā)生的動作,常由以下詞語連接,用一 般過去時。如:but,and,when,as soon as,immediately,the moment,the minute。 He bought a watch but lost it. 他買了一塊手表但丟了。 The moment she came in,she told me what had happened to her.她一進來,她就告訴我她發(fā)生了什么事情。 1.(2010·上海高考)Every few years,the coal workers