2024高考英語一輪精講教案：必修5 （10）

　　必修5 Unit 5（2）

　　Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.除非衣服緊貼在燒傷面上，否則都要把衣服脫掉。如果需要的話，可以使用剪刀。

　　unless是連詞，意為“除非，如果不”，引導(dǎo)的是一個肯定條件狀語從句，從句有時可以與if...not...引導(dǎo)的否定狀語從句互換。

　　①It is known to all that unless_you_exercise_regularly，you won’t keep fit.眾所周知，除非你有規(guī)律地鍛煉，否則身體不會健康。

　　②We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or it’s very cold.

　　除非下雨或天很冷，我們將在本周日去公園野餐。

　　③Unless_you’ve_tried_it，you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.

　　除非你嘗試一下，否則你無法想像那是多么令人愉快。

　　John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.約翰正在房間里學(xué)習(xí)，突然聽到一聲尖叫。

　　when在此作并列連詞用，意為“正在這時；那時”。

　　be doing...when...正在……這時……

　　be about to do...when...正打算做……這時……

　　be just going to do...when...正要……這時……

　　be on the point of doing...when...正要……這時……

　　had just done...when剛……就在這時……

　　①We were discussing the problem when there was a power failure.我們正在討論那個問題，這時停電了。

　　②I was_about_to_go_out_when the telephone rang.

　　我正打算出去，這時電話響了。

　　③The professor had just finished his speech when students rushed out of the classroom.

　　教授剛結(jié)束了演講，學(xué)生們沖出了教室。

　　Ⅰ.完成句子

　　1．The little boy won’t go to sleep______________________(除非媽媽給他講故事)．

　　答案：　unless his mother tells him a story

　　2．She______________________(正在練習(xí)沖浪，這時突然) a shark struck her，biting off her left arm.

　　答案：　was practising surfing when

　　3．I’m afraid that it will rain tomorrow.______________________(假如下雨的話)，we won’t be able to hold our football match.

　　答案：　If so

　　Ⅱ.單項填空

　　1．(2024·湖南省部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)5月聯(lián)考)The woman teacher，together with her pupils，was crossing the street________a heavy truck drove towards them.

　　A．unless B．once

　　C．until D．when

　　解析：　考查連詞。句意為：那個女教師正和她的學(xué)生過馬路，這時一輛大貨車向他們駛來。when表示“當(dāng)……時”，符合句意。

　　答案：　D

　　2．(2024·哈爾濱師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)月考)All of the clothes in the shop are sold at half price，________otherwise noted.

　　A．a(chǎn)s B．if

　　C．until D．unless

　　解析：　考查連詞。句意為：商店里所有的衣服均半價銷售，除非另有說明。根據(jù)句意可知，空處表示“除非”。

　　答案：　D

　　3．(2024·南開中學(xué)綜合訓(xùn)練)It is fashionable to drive a car，but it can in turn cause a lot of traffic problems when you don’t ________the specialized rules.

　　A．give in B．stick toC．put away D．give out

　　解析：　考查動詞短語辨析。stick to堅持，遵守；give in屈服，讓步；put away收起來；give out發(fā)出，精疲力竭。根據(jù)句意“不遵守交通規(guī)則，就會帶來很多交通問題”，可知答案為B項。

　　答案：　B

　　injury n．損傷；傷害；傷

　　do an injury to...對……造成傷害

　　Falling off the bike did an injury to his left leg.

　　從自行車上掉下來傷到了他的左腿。poison n．毒藥；毒害；vt.毒害；使中毒

　　Gases from cars are poisoning the air of our cities.

　　汽車放出的廢氣在污染我們城市的空氣。

　　pour vt.& vi.灌，倒，注，傾瀉；蜂擁而來；大量投入資金；n.傾瀉

　　The fans poured out of the stadium cheering wildly.

　　體育愛好者們欣喜若狂地從體育場中蜂擁而出。

　　【寫作素材】

　　1．毫無疑問，懂得一些急救知識很有必要，因為危險無處不在，事故時時發(fā)生。

　　2．一度燒傷不嚴(yán)重，把傷處放在緩緩流動的自來水下沖洗一會兒就可以了。

　　3．二度和三度燒傷較為嚴(yán)重，盡管適當(dāng)?shù)睦浞?cold compress)可以起一定作用，但重要的是必須馬上把患者送到醫(yī)院。示：黑體部分用本單元詞匯表達(dá)。

　　【連句成篇】

　　There is no doubt that it is necessary to know some knowledge of first aid as dangers lie everywhere and accidents happen from time to time.The first degree burns are not serious and it is OK to place burns under gently running water for a while.The second and third degree burns are more serious and proper cold compress can make some difference，but it is vital to get the victim to hospital at once.

　　省　略

　　1．(2024·陜西咸陽高考模擬考試二)Just now the patient opened her mouth as if________something to her husband.

　　A．said B．say

　　C．to say D．to have said

　　解析：　考查省略。句意為：剛剛那病人張開她的嘴，似乎要對他的丈夫說些什么。分析句子成分可知，此處為as if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，補(bǔ)充完整為：as if she was to say something to her husband，此處省略了主語和be動詞。

　　答案：　C

　　2．(2024·哈師大附中、東北師大附中、遼寧實(shí)驗中學(xué)一聯(lián))—Hi，are you an engineer in Lenovo Group?

　　—No，but I________.

　　A．want to B．want to be

　　C．want so D．want it

　　解析：　考查省略。答話人想成為聯(lián)想集團(tuán)的工程師。答語是：“ No，but I want to be an engineer in Lenovo Group，”的省略形式。當(dāng)不定式有be時，be不可省略。

　　答案：　B

　　3．(2024·濟(jì)寧模擬)As is often the case，little Tom，if________，is most likely to stop crying soon.

　　A．left ignoringB．left ignored

　　C．leaving ignoring D．leaving ignored

　　解析：　考查省略。句意為：如果聽之任之，小Tom可能很快停止哭泣，通常就是這樣。句子補(bǔ)充完整為：if he is left ignored (if we leave him ignored)，此處ignored表示被動含義。

　　答案：　B

　　4．(2024·北京西城二模)A person，when________，can often do what is normally beyond his ability.

　　A．challenged B．challenges

　　C．challenging D．to challenge

　　解析：　考查省略。句意為：當(dāng)一個人遇到挑戰(zhàn)時，他往往能夠做超越他能力的事情。時間狀語從句補(bǔ)充完整為“when he is challenged”。

　　答案：　A

　　5．(2024·佳木斯一中高三第四次調(diào)研)He is ready to help others，seldom，________refusing them when they turn to him.

　　A．if never B．if ever

　　C．if not D．if any

　　解析：　考查省略句的用法。句意為：他樂于助人，如果有人向他求助被拒絕的話，那也很少。if ever相當(dāng)于if he ever refuses to help others。

　　答案：　B課時作業(yè)(二十五)　Unit 5　First aid

　　(本欄目內(nèi)容，在學(xué)生用書中以獨(dú)立形式分冊裝訂！)

　　第六講　“戴著面紗”的“事實(shí)”型細(xì)節(jié)理解題

　　所謂細(xì)節(jié)理解題，是指文章提到了與某個題相關(guān)的時間、地點(diǎn)、人物或事件。破解“事實(shí)”型細(xì)節(jié)理解題就像是在揭開一層面紗。抓住文章中的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)是做好該類型試題的關(guān)鍵，也是做好其他類型試題的基礎(chǔ)。換句話說，該類型試題大部分都可以在文章中直接找到與答案有關(guān)的信息或者轉(zhuǎn)換了說法的句子。解題中非常重要，它包括理解作者在敘述某事時使用的事實(shí)性材料，其實(shí)在一篇文章里，大部分篇幅都屬于這類圍繞主體展開的細(xì)節(jié)。

　　(2024·山東卷)

　　George Gershwin，born in 1898，was one of America’s greatest composers.He published his first song when he was eighteen years old.During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs.

　　Many of Gershwin’s songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City.These plays were a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s.Many of his songs have remained popular as ever.Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way—from jazz to country.

　　In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music.Could jazz，some people asked，be considered serious music？In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music.Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it.And in that short time，he composed a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue.Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert.The audience were thrilled when they heard his music.It made him world-famous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular.

　　In 1928，Gershwin went to Paris.He applied to study composition (作曲) with the well-known musician Nadia Boulanger，but she rejected him.She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style.While there，Gershwin wrote An American in Paris.When it was first performed，critics (評論家) were divided over the music.Some called it happy and full of life，to others it was silly and boring.But it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States.It still remains one of his most famous works.

　　George Gershwin died in 1937，just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer.He was only thirty-nine years old.Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages.People mourned the loss of the man and all the music he might have still written.

　　語篇解讀　本文為一篇記敘文。講述了美國最偉大的作曲家之一喬治·格什溫的幾件奇聞逸事。他的許多作品是為紐約的音樂劇創(chuàng)作的。在保羅·惠特曼舉辦的證明爵士樂是嚴(yán)肅音樂的音樂會上，喬治·格什溫寫了Rhapsody in Blue(《藍(lán)色狂想曲》)并親自演奏，迷倒了觀眾。1928年他去巴黎，想師從Nadia Boulanger，但被拒絕，因為她怕毀了他在爵士樂方面的天資。在巴黎期間，喬治·格什溫寫了An American in Paris(《一個美國人在巴黎》)。它首次被演奏，褒貶不一，但它現(xiàn)在依舊是他最著名的作品之一。喬治·格什溫于1937年死于腦癌。

　　1．Many of Gershwin’s musical works were________.

　　A．written about New Yorkers

　　B．composed for Paul Whiteman

　　C．played mainly in the countryside

　　D．performed in various ways

　　解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的第一句Many of Gershwin’s songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City.可知喬治的多數(shù)歌曲是給音樂劇寫的，不是寫關(guān)于紐約人的，可排除選項A；同時知道這些歌曲是在紐約市演奏的，不是在農(nóng)村演奏的，可排除選項C；這些歌也不是單為保羅一人寫的，可排除選項B；再根據(jù)第二段最后一句Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way—from jazz to country.可知他的作品被以各種形式演奏，故選擇D項。

　　答案：　D

　　2．What do we know about the concert organized by Whiteman?

　　A．It attracted more people to theatres.

　　B．It proved jazz could be serious music.

　　C．It made Gershwin leader of the orchestra.

　　D．It caused a debate among jazz musicians.

　　解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的第一句In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music.可知這是惠特曼舉辦音樂會的原因，不是舉辦音樂會的結(jié)果，因此排除選項D；根據(jù)第三段中的最后一句．..showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular.可知本次音樂會最終證明了爵士樂是嚴(yán)肅音樂，故選項B符合題意；根據(jù)第三段中的Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert.知格什溫在音樂會上彈奏鋼琴，但并未成為樂隊的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，可排除選項C；“吸引更多的觀眾到劇院”并未在文中提及，因此排除選項A。

　　答案：　B

　　3．What did Gershwin do during his stay in Paris?

　　A．He created one of his best works.

　　B．He studied with Nadia Boulanger.

　　C．He argued with French critics.

　　D．He changed his music style.

　　解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的While there，Gershwin wrote An American in Paris.以及本段最后一句It

　　still remains one of his most famous works.可知格什溫在巴黎時寫了他的著名作品之一——《一個美國人在巴黎》，因此選項A為正確答案。根據(jù)第四段中“他想跟著Nadia Boulanger學(xué)習(xí)，但她拒絕了他(but she rejected him)”，可知選項B是錯誤的；第四段后半部分提到了評論家對他作品的爭論，但他未與法國的評論家們爭論，因此選項C是錯誤的；文中并未提到他在巴黎時改變自己的音樂風(fēng)格，因此選項D是錯誤的。

　　答案：　A

　　4．What do we learn from the last paragraph?

　　A．Many of Gershwin’s works were lost.

　　B．The death of Gershwin was widely reported.

　　C．A concert was held in memory of Gershwin.

　　D．Brain cancer research started after Gershwin’s death.

　　解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages.可知他的去世被廣泛報道，故選項B符合題意。“他的大部分作品失傳”“舉行音樂會紀(jì)念格什溫”以及“在格什溫去世后腦癌研究開始”在文中均未提及。

　　答案：　B

　　5．Which of the following best describes Gershwin?

　　A．Talented and productive.　B．Serious and boring.

　　C．Popular and unhappy. D．Friendly and honest.

　　解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的He published his first

　　song when he was eighteen years old.可推知他很有天賦

　　(talented)；再根據(jù)During the next twenty years he wrote

　　more than five hundred songs.可推知他是一位多產(chǎn)作曲家，故答案選A。

　　答案：　A

　　做這類題一般采用尋讀法，即先讀題，然后帶著問題快速閱讀文章，找出與問題有關(guān)的詞語或句子，再對相關(guān)部分進(jìn)行分析對比，找出答案。

　　例如真題示例第2題為細(xì)節(jié)理解題，由第三段第三句“In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music.”可知，保爾·懷特曼決定組織一場特殊音樂會證明爵士樂是一種嚴(yán)肅的音樂形式，故B項正確。

　　完形填空（共20小題：每小題1.5分，滿分30分）

　　閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后16～35各題所給出的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。My father was a highly educated, intelligent gentleman. He could debate or discuss for hours on almost any topic and hold your?? 16

　　? in the process. I thought there was nothing he wasn’t

　　17

　　to do.

　　?????? A few days before my younger brother’s 7th birthday, Dad planned to assemble(裝配) a newas a special birthday surprise. After nearly an hour of