2024屆高考英語二輪復習書面表達專項練習22 自然災害話題指導
2024屆高考英語二輪復習書面表達復習專題22 自然災害話題指導 實例指導1—災害
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Class Committee
【思路指導】
這篇文章是描寫自然災害的文章，它應該屬于說明文的范疇，描述這類自然災害首先要說明災害的基本情況，然后根據需要選擇角度，簡明扼要而又突出重點地介紹，力求真實準確，恰如其分。寫好自然災害的文章的關鍵是實施求是，簡單明了。
寫作時要注意以下幾點：
1.災害發生的地點、時間等。災害的具體影響以及有無規律。
2.采取救災的措施和結果。災害是否可以有規律和預防，有何經驗或建議等。
3.時態多用一般過去時，有時為了說明規律和進行總結可以考慮用一般現在時態。
4.要采用客觀的描述，避免主觀的描述內容過多。
5.格式通常采用三部分：第一部分為事件發生的地點時間。第二部分具體災害的內容、影響和補救措施。第三部分為總結規律，提出防范的建議、幫助災區的倡議、自己的想法和感受等。
【參考詞匯和句型】
詞匯短語：hit , strike , deaths , injuries ,up to, kill , in the following , last , keep away from
, do harm to , cut off , with the help of , in trouble , overcome difficulty , as soon as possible, be eager to, try one’s best, join in
句型：There was / is … in …, A terrible …hit …, The disaster caused great damage to …, When you …, you should… , you better … as we all Committee
實例指導2——捐款感謝
【寫作任務】
假如你是李華，是發生8.0級地震的汶川縣的一名中學生，下面是你災后的經歷：
1、目睹了人們奮不顧身救人，及時地運送食品及衣物。
2、在眾多陌生人的幫助下，找回了自己失散的父母，也已經重返了校園, 正在重建家園。
3、現在我們更加珍惜這難得的學習機會，也更懂得尊重和體諒他人，學會了互相關心和幫助
4、要努力學習，用實際行動回報給更多的人
請你就以上內容向報社寫一封信，反映災后的情況，并對來自各方面的幫助表示感謝。
注意：1、字數： 120-150
2、書信的格式已給出，不計入總詞數。
Dear editor,
I’m a senior student that has experienced a great earthquake. I wrote to you to express my thanks to those who helped us when we suffered the disaster.__________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes,
要點序號 關鍵單詞和短語
① Witness, devote their efforts to, save lives, providing food and clothes, regardless of, safety
② Couldn’t find, my parents, in such a short time
③ Only, few days, pass, before, return to classrooms, have classes.
④ New houses, reconstruct, not long before, move into
⑤ Treasure, the opportunity, study, in the classroom
⑥ The help from others, how to, respect others, take others into consideration
⑦ It was …that, make, realize, the importance of, care for, each other, facing disaster
⑧ Think, what we should do, study harder, in return.
第四步 恰當使用句型，連詞成句。
① I witnessed many strangers devoted their efforts to saving lives, providing food and clothes regardless of their own safety.
② I couldn’t find my parents in such a short time.
③ Only few days passed before the students returned to classrooms to have classes.
④ New houses are also being reconstructed and it is not long before we moved into our new houses.
⑤ we all treasure the opportunity of studying in the classroom
⑥ The help from others taught us how to respect others and take others into consideration.
⑦ It was also the help from strangers that made us realize the importance of helping and caring for each other facing disaster.
Now, I think what we should do is to study harder and help more people in return.
Yours,
Li Hua
【教師點評】
作者注重句式的變化（斜體），與before有關的句型；強調句型；主語從句等各領風騷，體現了寫信者的文采。短語（下劃線）使用到位，為表達文意發揮了重要作用；所增連接詞（黑體）使句子間有了自然地過渡。總之，這封信表達了列出的要點，且不落俗套，處處
【句型拓展】寫感謝信及災后重建方面的作文還可以用到以下句型：
1、Thank?you?very?much?for….?? 2、Many?thanks?for?your?….3、Please?accept?my?sincere?appreciation?for…?. 4、I?am?truly?grateful?to?you?for…?.5、It?was?good?(thoughtful)?of?you…?. 6、You?were?so?kind?to?send…?. Thank?you?again?for?your?wonderful?hospitality?and?I?am?looking?forward?to?seeing?you?soon. 8、I?find?an?ordinary?"thank-you"?entirely?inadequate?to?tell?you?how?much. 9、I?sincerely?appreciate?.
10、I?wish?to?express?my?profound?appreciation?for…?.
實例指導3—— 捐款通知
【寫作任務】
假如你是李華，最近，在我國西南部的四川省汶川縣發生了里氏8.0級的地震，多人遇難。因此你們學校決定于周日邀請地震方面的專家給全體學生做有關地震安全自救知識的講座，請你代表學生會出一個通知。通知包括以下內容：
1、講座目的：提高學生在地震時的安全自救意識和能力。
2、講座時間：5月18日（周日）下午2點。
3、地點：學校大禮堂
4、講座時間：1小時30分鐘左右
5、要求：全校所有學生務必參加，自帶紙筆。
注意：1、字數：120-150
2、通知的格式已給出，不計入總詞數。
3、生詞：里氏震級 Richter scale
NOTICE
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Remember to come on time.
Students’ Union
【寫作指導】
第一步
仔細審題，確立主題，明確要求
根據文字提示可以確定：寫作主要人稱為第一人稱，字數120-150，體裁為通知，時態以一般現在時為主。
第二步
圍繞主題，提煉要點，編擬提綱
通知通常寫一段，但可以分層次。
第一層：講座舉行的原因（① 最近，我國在我國西南部的四川省汶川縣發生了里氏8.0級的地震，多人遇難），分析該事件：②如果人們事先意識到潛在的危險早做計劃，很多人的生命會獲救。 推出結果，（③所以學校決定邀請地震專家來做講座）。
第二層：講座具體情況（④內容涉及在地震前，地震時或地震后的安全自救工作；⑤開始時間是5月18號下午2點，持續約1個半小時；地點是大禮堂）。
第三層：要求（⑥所有學生必須參加；⑦ 自帶紙筆，以記錄重要信息。），作者看法（⑧ 聽講座的人都會受益匪淺）。
第三步 分析要點及提綱，提煉關鍵單詞和短語。
第四步 恰當使用句型，連詞成句。
① Recently，?an earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale jolted Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province in southwest China, resulting in many deaths.
② We cannot prevent an earthquake from happening, but if we identified potential risks ahead of time and made advance planning, many lives would be saved.
③ So this is the reason why our school has decided to invite experts to give a lecture.
④ It will involve how to protect yourself and guarantee your safety before, during or after an earthquake.
⑤ It starts at 2 pm, May 18 in the great hall and lasts about one and a half hour.
⑥ All the students are required to take part in the lecture on time.
⑦ Paper and a pen are also needed in case you write down some important points.
⑧ I hope everyone present will benefit a lot from it.
【參考范文】
NOTICE
Recently，?an earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale jolted Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province in southwest China, resulting in many deaths. Unfortunately, we cannot prevent an earthquake from happening, but if we identified potential risks ahead of time and made advance planning, many lives would be saved. So this is the reason why our school has decided to invite experts to give a lecture. It will involve how to protect yourself and guarantee your safety before, during or after an earthquake. It starts at 2 pm, May 18 in the great hall and lasts about one and a half hour. All the students are required to take part in the lecture on time. Besides, paper and a pen are also needed in case you write down some important points. I hope everyone present will benefit a lot from it.
Remember to come on time.
Students’ Union
【范文點評】
通知屬實用文體，它的目的是把信息準確明白的傳達給別人。作者選詞、句都考慮到了這一點。作者沒有使用復雜的長句子，而是選用了人們熟悉的簡單的句型（斜體），還使用了大量的短語（下劃線），這些都有助于讀者快速瀏覽到需要的信息。可以說該文達到了這個目的。
【句型拓展】寫“通知”類及地震方面的作文還可以用到以下句型：
實戰演練
A Forest Fire
A terrible fire broke out in Dashan Timber Land at midnight yesterday. On hearing the news, the firefighters hurried there at once. Although the fire was very big and the smoke was heavy, they bravely fought against it. The fire lasted for five hours before the firefighters were able to bring it under control. To everyone’s sorrow, almost one third of the forest was destroyed in the fire. Worse still, one person was killed and two firefighters were badly injured. According to research, the fire was started by a live cigarette end thrown carelessly by a passer-by. The accident has taught us a lesson that measures should be taken to prevent forest fires. For example, notice boards should be made to warn passers-by of the dangers of throwing out cigarette ends. All in all, the public should be taught the importance of preventing fire.
請根據所給內容寫一篇關于汶川地震的短文。標題已經給出。
Earthquake strikes Wenchuan!
［寫作內容］
1．時間：2008年5月12日14時28分
2．震級：里氏8.0級measuring 8.0 degrees on the Richter scale
3．死傷人數:近7萬人死亡, 34萬多人受傷
破壞程度：90％建筑物倒塌
4．現在情況：災難并不能摧跨汶川人民的精神。汶川人民在人民解放軍的幫助下展開自救,相信汶川一定會重建好,成為現代化的美麗城市。
5．提醒人們不要忘記災難和在危難時給災區人民提供幫助,一方有難,八方支援是我們中華民族的優良傳統。
［寫作要求］
只能用五個句子表達全部內容；
內容連貫，結構完整
Many people prefer to travel by air. This is because air travel has some advantages. In the first place, airplane, the miracle created by man, is the fastest means of transport. Secondly, traveling by air is convenient and comfortable. Friendly air hostesses are affectionate and considerate. They look after passengers all the way to their destinations. Moreover, on long distance flights there are films and music for people to entertain 如果你去旅游你會采用何種交通方式？為什么？
你可以用實例或其它方法支持你的論點，也可以參照閱讀材料的內容，但不要抄襲閱讀材料。
An earthquake measuring 8.0 degrees on the Richter scale hit/struck Wenchuan at 2:28 on the afternoon of May 12th,2008,which killed
more than 79,000 people and caused over 340,000
injured at the same time and over 90% of the buildings were destroyed. However, the brave Wenchuanese will not be beaten down by the disaster. Now they are saving themselves with the help of the PLA. We strongly believe the city is to be built to be a modern beautiful city again.
A year has passed, but never should we forget the damage the earthquake caused to them and those who are still in terrible trouble, so we should try our best to help them out, for it is our fine tradition of our Chinese people.
2011年3月11日， 日本發生強烈地震，引發波海嘯。海嘯奪去了一萬多人的生命，另有上百萬人流離失所，亟待救援。世界各國紛紛捐款救災，我國政府和人民也向受災國家和人民伸出救助之手。假設你是班長，在全班提出倡議，向災區人民捐款。用英語寫一篇口頭倡議，包括以下內容:
1.受災情況簡介;
2.盡微薄之力，奉獻愛心;
3.捐款地點（學校門口捐款箱）。
注意：
1.詞數：100左右；
2.可適當增加細節，以使行文連貫；
3.參考詞匯：海嘯tsunami捐款donate v.donation n.倡議propose v.proposal n.
參考答案
Everybody,may I have your attention,please?
Here I’d like to make a proposal to you.As you know,at the end of 2004 a strong earthquake happened in the Indian Ocean,causing a terrible tsunami.The tsunami badly hit several countries in the Southeast
近來，你校開展“獻愛心，送溫暖”活動，號召廣大學生向貧困或受災地區捐款捐物。請你參考下列表格要點提示，以“捐款還是捐物”為題寫一篇100-120字的英語短文。可適當增加內容。短文開頭已給出，不計入總詞數。
參考詞匯：生活必需品 daily necessities
關于捐款 關于捐物
贊成 1．捐款可以直接幫助人們購買生活必需用品或用于重建家園等。 1．捐物可以舊物利用。
反對 2．中學生無生活來源，無錢捐獻。 2．捐物可能造成浪費，因為有些人得到的捐物并非自己所需要的物品。
評分原則
1.本題總分為30分，按5個檔次給分。
2.評分時，先根據文章的內容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量，確定或調整檔次，最后給分。
