2024高考二輪英語復習專題（廣東專用）31 科普知識型閱讀理解（1）

　　專限時訓練(三十一)　[科普知識型閱讀理解(一)]

　　(限時：25分鐘)

　　(一)

　　How you end a computer session depends on how you use the computer, your views on energy conservation(能源的節(jié)約), and what you have been told about how your decision will affect your investment’s longevity: will frequent starting and stopping cause its circuits(電路) to burn out sooner?

　　Rest easy, your computer is more likely to be damaged by a virus picked up from the Internet than by being turned off and on too much.They are also energy-efficient: such efficiency has reached the point where most computers place themselves in sleep mode if they remain idle(閑置的) for a certain period of time.So your computer will likely slip into sleep mode anyway, even if you leave it on overnight.

　　Sleep mode itself, once a pretty unreliable option—you never knew if you would be able to wake your computer without having to reboot (重新啟動) it—has been vastly improved with newer operating systems.If you want your computer to consume as little energy as possible when not in use, shut it down.If you want it to consume zero energy, you’re going to have to unplug (拔去……的電源插頭) it.

　　Your computer can be in only three states: on, sleep or off—each of which draws some level of electric current. A computer that is “on” will either be actively processing

　　information or sitting idle, depending on whether the user is typing a document, reading an e-mail or has stepped away briefly.The amount of wattage (瓦特數(shù)) drawn when the computer is on varies greatly depending on whether it is a laptop or a desktop computer.The latter uses more energy because desktop power supplies are less efficient and require a separate and often larger, power-hungry monitor. It also varies based on the type of work being done: complex calculations requiring intensive processing are more power-hungry, whereas writing or Web browsing consumes far less electricity.

　　()1.If sleep mode goes wrong, what will probably happen to your computer?

　　A．It will consume as little energy as possible.

　　B．It is more likely to be damaged by a virus picked up from the Internet.

　　C．It will have to be rebooted when used again.

　　D．It has to be shut down and unplugged.

　　()2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text that contributes to the different amount of energy a computer consumes?

　　A．Whether it is a laptop or a desktop computer.

　　B．What kind of work the computer is dealing with.

　　C．The choice of how you use your computer.

　　D．Whether the operating systems are new.

　　()3.When does a computer consume the most energy?

　　A．When we let it remain idle.

　　B．When we use it to do complex calculations.

　　C．When we use it to type some documents and e-mails.

　　D．When we use it for surfing the Internet.

　　()4.The reason why a desktop computer uses more energy than a laptop computer is that______.

　　A．a(chǎn) desktop computer’s monitor is separate and often larger

　　B．a(chǎn) desktop computer is larger than a laptop computer in size

　　C．a(chǎn) desktop computer performs more kinds of work than a laptop computer

　　D．a(chǎn) desktop computer is not energy-efficient

　　()5.Which of the following is implied in the first two paragraphs?

　　A．Frequent starting and stopping can damage a computer.

　　B．A computer’s longevity depends more on the proper way you use it.

　　C．A virus picked up from the Internet is likely to damage a computer.

　　D．The more often you use a computer, the more smoothly it works.

　　(二)

　　When top engineers in Germany wanted to build a more energy-efficient car, they headed to the natural history museum to study dolphins and sharks.But it was the boxfish (盒子魚)that interested them.

　　“We were surprised when this clumsy-looking fish became our model for designing an aerodynamic(空氣動力學的)car，”says Thomas Weber.He is the research and development chief for the car company Daimler.An aerodynamic design reduces wind drag and increases fuel efficiency.

　　The boxfish may look clumsy, but it can start, stop, back up and zigzag(曲折前進) through the water with ease.And it does all this using surprisingly little energy.Daimler’s bionic(仿生學的) car is modeled on the fish’s boxy skeletal(骨骼的) system.Like the fish, the car is fast and drives easily.It’s efficient too.

　　The science behind nature-inspired inventions is called biomimicry(生物仿生)．Biologist Janine Benyus came up with the term.As co-founder of the Biomimicry Guild, she has worked with cereal companies，sneaker designers and others to develop products based on Nature’s best ideas.

　　For scientists and inventors, the possibilities for copying nature are limitless.Technology may never be as efficient as nature, or as colorful.But that doesn’t mean we should stop trying to learn from the world around us.Take a walk outside.Watch a squirrel climb up a tree.Look closely at the veins(紋理) of a leaf.Hear the birds chirping in the trees.Such small details may help solve big problems in the future.

　　()1.Which is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．In America a self-cleaning paint was modeled on the lotus flower.

　　B．Zimbabwe engineers learned from termites to create highly advanced heating systems.

　　C．After the boxfish, many other ideas of new products are borrowed from nature.

　　D．Nature is a good source to turn to for improving technology.

　　()2.The clumsy-looking boxfish interested the scientists because of the following reasons EXCEPT that________.

　　A．it swims using little energy

　　B．being boxy, it looks quite like a car

　　C．some engineers had researched on how to swim easily in the water

　　D．it is a speedy swimmer

　　()3.Why did top engineers in Germany go to the natural history museum?

　　A．They wanted to pay a visit to the animals there because they were so lovely.

　　B．They wanted to carry out a research of boxfish and dolphins.

　　C．They wanted to search for a model to base on for building a more-efficient car.

　　D．They wanted to study the science of survival.

　　()4.We can infer from the passage EXCEPT ________.

　　A．it is believed that the creation of the airplane might have originated from the bird flying in the sky

　　B．the atmosphere on the earth cannot be transferred into the original idea

　　C．dolphins and sharks may become the source of scientists, inventions or creations

　　D．if you observe and explore nature, you may make great discoveries or become great inventors

　　()5.What’s the main idea of the passage?

　　A．How Daimler’s bionic car came into being.

　　B．Nature has inspired a lot of inventions and will continue to.

　　C．Scientists and inventors’ contribution to modern industry comes from nature.

　　D．The Nature’s 100 best list.

　　(三)

　　If cars had wings，they could fly and that just might happen, beginning in 2011.The company Terrafugia, based in Woburn, Massachusetts, says it plans to deliver its car-plane, the Transition, to customers by the end of 2011.

　　“It’s the next ‘wow’ vehicle，”said Terrafugia vice president Richard Gersh.“Anybody can buy a Ferrari, but as we say, Ferraris don’t fly.”

　　The car-plane has wings that unfold for flying—a process the company says takes one minute—and fold back up for driving.A runway is still required to take off and land.

　　The Transition is being marketed more as a plane that drives than a car that flies, although it is both.The company has been working with FAA to meet aircraft regulations, and with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to meet vehicle safety regulations.

　　The company is aiming to sell the Transition to private pilots as a more convenient and cheaper way to fly.They say it saves you the trouble from trying to find another mode of transportation to get to and from airports: You drive the car to the airport and then you’re good to go.When you land, you fold up the wings and hit the road.There are no expensive parking fees because you don’t have to store it at an airport—you park it in the garage at home.

　　The car-plane is designed to fly primarily under 10,000 feet.It has a maximum take-off weight of 1,430 pounds, including fuel and passengers.Terrafugia says the Transition reduces the potential for an accident by allowing pilots to drive under bad weather instead of flying into marginal(臨界)conditions.

　　The Transition’s price tag: $194,000, But there may be additional charges for options like a radio, transponder or GPS.Another option is a full-plane parachute.

　　“If you get into a very awful situation, it is the necessary safety option，” Gersh said.

　　So far, the company has more than 70 orders with deposits.“We’re working very closely with them, but there are still some remaining steps，” Brown said.

　　()1.We can learn from the first paragraph that ________.

　　A．car-planes will be popular in 2011

　　B．people might drive a car-plane in 2011

　　C．both Transition and Ferrari can take off and land

　　D．Richard Gersh is the vice president of Massachusetts

　　()2.It takes the car-plane one minute to ________.

　　A．fold and unfold its wings

　　B．unfold wings for flying

　　C．land in the airport

　　D．meet flying safety regulations

　　()3.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

　　A．The car-plane needs a runway to take off and land.

　　B．To meet aircraft regulations, the company has been working with FAA.

　　C．The car-plane may fly as high as normal planes.

　　D．People can park the car-plane in the garage at their home.

　　()4.The underlined word “it” in the last but one paragraph refers to ________.

　　A．the radio

　　B．the transponder

　　C．the GPS

　　D．the full-plane parachute

　　()5.What’s the best title for the passage?

　　A．Cars With Wings May Be Just Around the Corner

　　B．Which to Choose: A Ferrari or a Car Plane?

　　C．A More Convenient and Cheaper Way to Fly

　　D．Cars With Wings Can Fly as Fast as Planes

　　專題限時訓練(三十一)

　　(一)1.C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句…you never knew if you would be able to wake your computer without having to reboot it…可知必須要重啟，故答案為C。

　　2．D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段段首及最后一段可知A、B、C三項正確，而D項在文中沒有依據(jù)支持。

　　3．B　細節(jié)理解題。文章第二段談到如果電腦一段時間不用會自動轉為休眠狀態(tài)，這樣耗電很少。最后一段最后一句說明電腦在處理不同的任務時，用電量也不同(復雜運算耗電最多)故正確答案為B。

　　4．A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段The latter uses more energy because desktop power supplies are less efficient and require a separate and often larger，power-hungry monitor.可以推斷A項是正確選項，而D項表述太絕對化。

　　5．B　推理判斷題。從第一段最后一句和第二段的第一句可以推斷出，電腦使用壽命的長短主要在于如何正確使用電腦。故選B。

　　(二)【文章大意】 本文為科普說明文，主要介紹在生物仿生學上的一些運用實例。

　　1．D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段可推斷大自然是開發(fā)技術的源泉，故選D。A項不符合“A company in Atlanta, US, developed a self-cleaning paint modeled on the lotus(荷花) leaf”；B項不符合“In Zimbabwe, a country in southern Africa, engineers designed energy-efficient buildings modeled on termite(白蟻) mounds(土堆)”；C項不符合第三段內(nèi)容。

　　2．C　細節(jié)理解題。選項中A、B、D三項均符合第三段“The boxfish may look clumsy, but it can start, stop, back up and zigzag(曲折前進) through the water with ease.And it does all this using surprisingly little energy.Daimler's bionic(仿生學的) car is modeled on the fish's boxy skeletal(骨骼的) system.”的內(nèi)容，唯有C項不符合文意，故選C。

　　3．C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“When top engineers in Germany wanted to build a more energy-efficient car, they headed to the natural history museum to study dolphins and sharks.”可判斷選C。

　　4．B　推理判斷題。本文主要介紹在生物仿生學上的一些應用實例，從而說明大自然是開發(fā)技術的源泉。A、C和D三項都符合生物仿生的道理，而B項不符合，即B項無法從文中推斷出來，故選B。

　　5．B　主旨大意題。本文先是介紹生物仿生學的一些實際利用，而后在最后一段深化主題：大自然已經(jīng)激發(fā)了很多發(fā)明，但我們?nèi)孕柘虼笞匀焕^續(xù)學習，故選B。

　　(三)【文章大意】 本文為說明文，主要介紹2011年末即將上市的一種汽車飛機的性能、特點與價格等。

　　1．B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“The company Terrafugia, based in Woburn, Massachusetts, says it plans to deliver its car-plane, the Transition, to customers by the end of 2011.”可推斷選B。

　　2．B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“The car-plane has wings that unfold for flying—a process the company says takes one minute—and fold back up for driving.”可判斷選B。

　　3．C　細節(jié)理解題。C項不符合“The car-plane is designed to fly primarily under 10,000 feet.It has a maximum take-off weight of 1,430 pounds, including fuel and passengers.”可判斷選C。

　　4．D　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)Another option is a full-plane parachute.和“If you get into a very awful situation, it is the necessary safety option，” Gersh said.的過渡關系，再結合句中的“a very awful situation”可推斷選D。

　　5．A　主旨大意題。綜合全文可知，全文主要介紹2011年末即將上市的汽車飛機的性能、特點與價格等，由此判斷選A。