2024年高考英語(yǔ)沖刺搶分訓(xùn)練集15
2024高考英語(yǔ)沖刺搶分訓(xùn)練集15
Ⅰ.詞匯短語(yǔ)過關(guān)
1．surround vt.&vi.包圍，環(huán)繞，圍繞
surrounding adj.周圍的
surroundings n. (pl.)環(huán)境
be surrounded with/by... 被……環(huán)繞/包圍
in a surrounding area 在周圍地區(qū)
be situated/located in very pleasant surroundings位于優(yōu)美的環(huán)境中
[即學(xué)即練1]
(1)The Los Angeles Basin ______ ___________ ______ three sides ______ high mountains.洛杉磯盆地三面都是高山。
(2)The peasants are allowed to cultivate ______ __________ ______.允許農(nóng)民耕種周圍的土地。
(3)Animals in a zoo are not living ______ their natural ____________.動(dòng)物園里的動(dòng)物們不是生活在自然環(huán)境之中。
答案：is surrounded on by;the surrounding land;in surroundings
2．measure n. [U] 量度，測(cè)量，尺寸；[C]措施 vt.&vi.測(cè)量，丈量，計(jì)量
make clothes to one‘s own measure 量體裁衣
by measure 按尺寸
take measures (steps) to do sth.采取措施
beyond measure 無法估量，極度，過分
be measured in 以……來計(jì)算
[即學(xué)即練2]
(1) We must ______ ____________ _________ to solve these problems one by one.我們必須采取必要的措施逐個(gè)解決問題。
(2) This room ___________ 6 metres by 4.這個(gè)房間有6米長(zhǎng)，4米寬。
(3)Did you __________ the distance between those two development areas?你們測(cè)量了那兩個(gè)開發(fā)區(qū)之間的距離了嗎？
答案：take necessary measures; measures; measure
3．within prep. 在……之內(nèi)；不越出
within reach 夠得著
within sight 在視線范圍內(nèi)
within one‘s power 力所能及
within an hour 一小時(shí)內(nèi)
within call 在附近；隨叫隨到
within reason 理智地；合理地
[即學(xué)即練3]
(1)You should receive a reply ______ ______ ______.你會(huì)在七天內(nèi)收到答復(fù)。
(2)It wasn't ______ ______ ______ to help her.幫助她并非我力所能及的事。
答案：within seven days; within my power
4．border n. 邊界；國(guó)界；邊沿 vt. &vi. 與……接壤；接近
a border town 邊境城市
the border of the lake 湖邊
on the border of 將要，接近于，在……的邊界上
border on sth. 接近某物，毗鄰某物；幾乎相同；近似
[即學(xué)即練4]
(1)France ________ Germany ______ parts of the Rhine.法國(guó)沿萊茵河部分河段與德國(guó)接壤。
(2)She felt an anxiety ___________ ______ hysteria.她感覺到一種近乎歇斯底里的焦慮。
(3)The large garden ______ __________ ______ a stream.大花園緊臨著一條小溪。
答案：borders along;bordering on；is bordered by
5．confirm vt. 證實(shí)，確認(rèn)，批準(zhǔn)，確定
confirmation n. 證實(shí)，證明，確定，證明書
confirmed adj. 已被證實(shí)的；確定的
confirm a rumour 證實(shí)傳聞
confirm a theory 證實(shí)一種理論
confirm the time of arrival 確定到達(dá)的時(shí)間
confirm one‘s belief 堅(jiān)定信念
confirm a project 批準(zhǔn)某個(gè)項(xiàng)目
confirm a contract 批準(zhǔn)合同
confirm sb. in office 批準(zhǔn)……上任
[即學(xué)即練5]
(1)The experiment _________ _________ ______.那實(shí)驗(yàn)印證了他的理論。
(2)The President _________ that he would visit Japan the following month.總統(tǒng)證實(shí)他將于下個(gè)月訪問日本。
(3)Their advice __________ ______ ______.他們的勸告更加強(qiáng)了我的決心。
答案：confirmed his theory;confirmed;confirmed my decision
6．distance n. 距離；遠(yuǎn)方；遙遠(yuǎn)；疏遠(yuǎn) v. 不介入；與……疏遠(yuǎn)
distant adj. 遙遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)處的；久遠(yuǎn)的
at a distance 隔一段距離；距離稍遠(yuǎn)
in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)方
out of distance from 離……太遠(yuǎn)，達(dá)不到
keep sb. at a distance 對(duì)……冷淡，與……疏遠(yuǎn)
keep one‘s distance from 與……保持距離
distance yourself from 不介入；與……疏遠(yuǎn)
[即學(xué)即練6]
(1)I don't know ______ _________(距離) from Beijing to Shanghai.
(2)The hospital is ______ ______ (不遠(yuǎn)) at all.
(3)The oil painting looks better ______ ______ ______(遠(yuǎn)看起來)．
(4)______ ______ ___________(從遠(yuǎn)處)，I would see them waving their hands.
(5)I can see a light ______ ______ _________(在遠(yuǎn)處)．
答案：the distance; not distant; at a distance; in the distance; in the distance
7. chat vi.&n. 聊天；閑聊
[典例]
1). What were you chatting to him about? 你和他聊了些什麼?
2). I had a long chat with her (about her job).（關(guān)於她的工作）我和她聊了很久。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
chat to/with sb (about sth) = have a chat with sb (about sth) 與某人聊天、閑談……
[練習(xí)] 根據(jù)句子的意思在括號(hào)里填入所給詞的適當(dāng)形式或介詞。
1). She often spends hours on the phone _______ (chat) to her friends.
2). We had a nice chat _______ (介詞) a cup of tea.
答案：1). chatting
2). over
8. eastward adv. 向東
adj. 向東的；朝東的
[典例]
1). They were traveling eastward(s) to the city which appeared in their dreams. 他們朝著東邊向夢(mèng)想中的城市進(jìn)發(fā)。
2). The plane flied in an eastward direction. 飛機(jī)向東邊飛去。
[詞語(yǔ)歸納]
eastward(s) adj./adv. 向東的，向東地
westward(s) adj./adv. 向西的，向西地
southward(s) adj./adv. 向南的，向南地
northward(s) adj./adv. 向北的，向北地
southeastward(s) adj./adv. 向東南的，向東南地
northeastward(s) adj./adv. 向東北的，向東北地
southwestward(s) adj./adv. 向西南的，向西南地
northwestward(s) adj./adv. 向東北的，向東北地
[練習(xí)] 根據(jù)句子的意思在括號(hào)里填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~。
1). It is said that Tangseng and his four apprentices(徒弟) traveled ________ in order to obtain the sacred Buddhist scripture.
2). When winter comes, the migratory birds travel in an __________ direction.
答案：1). westward(s)
2). southward(s)
9. surround vt.&vi. 包圍；圍繞 surrounding adj. 周圍的 surroundings (常用pl.)環(huán)境
[典例]
1). Trees surround the pond. 樹木圍繞著池塘。
2). The house was surrounded by high walls. 房子的四周有高墻。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
surround...with... 用……包圍……
be surrounded by/with... 周圍都是……
[練習(xí)] 用surround的短語(yǔ)或其適當(dāng)形式填空。
1). _______ by a group of children, he felt happy.
2). There is no such kind of modern hospital in the ________ areas.
3). She has always been _______ _______fashionable friends.
4). She hopes to bring up her children in healthy _______.
5). With the house_______, the thief couldn’t flee and was caught.
答案：1). Surrounded
2). surrounding
3). surrounded with
4). surroundings
5). surrounded
10. measure vi.&vt. 測(cè)量；衡量；判定
n.[c,u] 尺寸；量具；計(jì)量單位；措施
[典例]
1). Can you measure accurately with this ruler? 用這把尺子能量得準(zhǔn)嗎?
2). It’ s hard to measure his ability when we haven’ t seen his work. 沒有見過他的作品, 很難估計(jì)他的能力。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
measure A by B 用B衡量A
sth. measures 2 metres by 4 metres 某物長(zhǎng)4米寬2米
measure sb. for a suit = make a suit to sb’ s measure 給某人量身做一套衣服
[練習(xí)] 用measure的短語(yǔ)填空或翻譯句子。
1). The tailor made a suit ______ _______ _______.
2). Success isn’ t _______ _______ how much money you have.
3). 我們教室的尺寸是長(zhǎng)10米寬6米。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
答案：1). to my measure
2). measured by
3). Our classroom measures 6 metres by 10 metres.
11. mix vt.&vi. 混合；調(diào)配
mixture n.[u,c] 混合（物）；混合狀態(tài)
[典例]
1). The chemist mixed (up) some medicine for me. 藥劑師給我配了些藥。
2). Oil and water don’ t mix. 油和水不能混合。
3). Oil won’ t mix with water. 油不能和水混合。
[詞語(yǔ)歸納] mix的短語(yǔ)：
mix A and/with B 把甲與乙拌和起來
mix sth. up 把某物拌和；混淆某物
mix sth. in/into把某物摻進(jìn)去
be/get mixed up with sth./sb. 與某事有關(guān)；與某人混在一起
[練習(xí)] 用mix的短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式或介詞填空。
1). Don’ t try to _______ business ______ pleasure.
2). Mix the eggs ______ the flour.
3). I don’ t want to ______ ______ ______ in the affair.
答案：1). mix; with
2). into
3). be mixed up
12. nearby adj.附近的；鄰近的 adv.在附近
[典例]
1). Her mother lived in a nearby town. 他的媽媽住在一個(gè)附近的城鎮(zhèn)。
2). Her mother lived nearby. 他的媽媽住在附近。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
nearby作形容詞時(shí)，既可放在被修飾詞之后也可放在被修飾詞之前。如：
There were complaints from nearby residents / residents nearby.
13. terrify vt.使恐怖；恐嚇 terrified adj.恐懼的；受驚嚇的 terrifying adj.（令人）可怕的
[典例]
1). He terrified his children with ghost stories. 他講鬼故事嚇壞了他的孩子。
2). Her husband’ s violence terrified her. 她丈夫的暴力使她感到恐懼。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
be terrified at/by sth. 被某事（物）恐嚇
be terrified of sth. = be afraid of 害怕某事（物）
[練習(xí)] 用terrify的適當(dāng)形式或介詞填空。
1). She ______ that Ronnie would kidnap Sam.
2). She was terrified ______ the thought that Ronnie would kidnap Sam.
3). It was a ______ experience.
答案：1). was terrified that
2). at
3). terrifying
14. impress vt.使印象深刻；使銘記
impression n.[c]印象；感想
impressive adj.給人印象深刻的
[典例]
1). The sights of the city never fail to impress foreign tourists. 外國(guó)游客無一不對(duì)該市留有深刻印象。
2). We were most impressed with/by your efficiency. 你的工作效率很高，我們極為欽佩。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
impress sth. on/upon sb. = impress sb. with/by sth. 使某人銘記某事物
make/give/crate an impression on/upon... 給……一個(gè)印象
have/get the impression that 有……的印象
[練習(xí)] 用impress的短語(yǔ)或介詞填空。
1). Father _______ _______ me the value of hard work.
2). One candidate in particular ______ us ______ her knowledge.
3). You ______ an excellent ______ ______ us.
4). When I first met him I ______ ______ ______ ______ he was a humorous man.
答案：1). impressed; on
2). impressed; with
3). made; impression upon
4). had the impression that
II.重點(diǎn)詞組（旨在提供詞匯綜合運(yùn)用材料）
1. rather than... 是……而不是……；與其……不如……；不愿
[典例]
1). He ran rather than walked. 他是跑的而不是走的。
2).Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price與其讓蔬菜爛掉，他半價(jià)把它們賣掉。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
do A rather than do B = rather than do B, sb. does A 某人不做B卻做A
A rather than B 是A而不是B
would rather do A than do B = would do A rather than do B 寧可做A而不做B
prefer to do A rather than do B 最喜歡做A而不做B
would rather sb. did/had done sth. 寧愿某人做某事
注意：rather than表示客觀事實(shí)，它連接的并列成分可以是名詞、代詞、形容詞、介詞(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)名詞、分句、不定式、動(dòng)詞等。后接不定式時(shí)，不定式可以帶to，也可以不帶to。但rather than位于句首時(shí)，則只能接不帶to 的不定式。
[練習(xí)] 根據(jù)句子意思及要求填空或翻譯。
1). He came running all the way ______ ______walking.
2). Rather than ______ (ride) on a crowded bus, he always prefers ______ (ride) a bicycle.
3). I’ d rather you ______ ______ (not come) yesterday.
4). She likes to keep things in the house ______ ______ throw them away, though many are useless.
5). I think Tom, ______ ______ you, ______ ______ ______ (blame).
6). 他寧愿死也不愿在街上乞討。_____________________________________________
答案：1). rather than
2). ride; to ride
3). hadn’ t come
4). rather than
5). rather than; is to blame
6). He would rather die than beg in the street. = He would die rather than beg in the street.
2. settle down 舒適地坐下或躺下；（使）安靜、安頓、安心；習(xí)慣於新的生活方式/工作等
[典例]
1). She settled down in an armchair to read her book. 她舒適地坐在單座沙發(fā)上看書。
2). When are you going to marry and settle down? 你什麼時(shí)候結(jié)婚過上安定生活?
[短語(yǔ)歸納] 與settle相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)：
settle down to… 使某人安下心來做……
settle (down) in ... 在……定居下來
settle a dispute/an argument/an issue 解決一爭(zhēng)端/爭(zhēng)論/問題
[練習(xí)] 根據(jù)句子意思及要求填空或翻譯。
1). Something is disturbing him, so he can’ t ______ ______ ______ (安下心來) his work.
2). He finally settled down to ______ (do) his homework.
