2024年職稱英語考試綜合類語法知識講解:第二十講句型

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2024年職稱英語考試綜合類語法知識講解:第二十講句型

  (四)第四句型:主語 + 及物動詞 + 雙賓語

  有些動詞(主要是授予動詞)后面需要或可以接雙賓語結構,如:give, write, buy, send, make等

  You may send him an E-mail or write him a letter.

  這個句子也可使用以下結構:

  You may send an E-mail (to him) or write a letter to him. 所以 to 和 for 是連接雙賓語結構的重要介詞。

  該句型的重點是要記住以下短語,特別是所用的介詞:

  to cure of(治愈)

  to accuse of(譴責)

  to convince of(說服)

  to inform of(通知)

  to notify of (通知)

  to clean of (清除)

  to warn of / against (警告)

  to cheat of(欺騙)

  to rob of(搶劫)

  例如:

  We have to inform the family of the patients condition as soon as possible. / Have the family been informed of the patients condition? (我們得盡快將病人的病情通知其家屬。/ 已經將病人的病情通知其家人了嗎?)

  注意下面句子的結構變化:

  May I ask you a question? May I ask a question of you?

  直接和間接賓語的位置與上面短語有何不同?

  (五)第五句型:主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語

  先回顧一下本講第一節中有關賓語和賓語補足語的概念。

  這個句型也是考試的重點,主要有三個難點:

  1) 要不要 to的問題:

  The director wants you to come right now. (主任要你馬上就來。)

  句中to come 是賓語you的補足語。也就是說,當賓語補足語是動詞時,一般要用 to連接。但是,以下情況例外:

  n make, let, have等使役動詞,如:

  Shall I have him come here?(要我叫他來嗎?)

  I wont have him cheat me. (否定式,表示容許:我決不容許他欺騙我)

  上述句型變為被動語態時,一般要加 to,如:

  The nurse made the patient eat something. (護士讓病人吃了點東西。)

  The patient was made to eat something.

  有時,賓語補足語也可用 -ing形式,如:

  His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes. (他的笑話使我們笑了幾分鐘。- 注意后面的時間狀語for a couple of minutes)

  記住下面重要表達方式:

  to have / get (something) done, 如:

  I am going to have (get) my watch repaired.(我去修一下表。)

  n see, hear, notice, observe, watch, look at, listen to 等感覺動詞:

  使用原則與上述大致相同。

  2) 要不要 it的問題:

  先看兩個句子:

  We sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit. (有時我們發現要改掉一個壞習慣很難。)該句的原始結構可理解為:We sometimes find (to get rid of a bad habit) difficult. 括號部分(動詞不定式)為賓語,difficult為賓語補足語

  The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.(醫生已經跟你說得很清楚了,你的胃沒有什么問題。)該句的原始結構可理解為:The doctor has made (there is nothing wrong with your stomach)clear. 括號部分(句子)為賓語,clear為賓語補足語

  歸納:

  n 在主語 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語結構中,當賓語是動詞不定式或句子時,要用it(不是this, that或其他任何詞)作形式賓語,將動詞不定式或句子移到句子的后面去。

  n 考試時,判斷要不要 it,主要看句子后面有沒有動詞不定式或句子,若有,要選 it

  n 賓語、賓語補足語倒裝:當賓語(名詞)較長,賓語補足語較短(往往是1個形容詞,如possible, impossible, difficult, easy, clear等)時,為了句子結構均衡,往往采用倒裝,這里不存在it的使用問題, 對下句作出判斷:

  The development of ultrasound has made ______ early diagnosis of some fatal diseases. (超聲波的出現使許多致命疾病的早期診斷成為可能。)

  A. it possible

  B. possible

  C. it is

  D. it

  該題的正確答案應為B,因為句子采用了倒裝形式,原結構為:

  The development of ultrasound has made [early diagnosis of some fatal diseases] possible.

  賓語 補足語

  3) 記住以下短語:

  to takeas(把當作)

  to think ofas(把看作)

  to regardas(把看作)

  to refer toas(把叫作)

  關于五個基本句型,重點要掌握每個句型的出題點,舉一反三。

  

  (四)第四句型:主語 + 及物動詞 + 雙賓語

  有些動詞(主要是授予動詞)后面需要或可以接雙賓語結構,如:give, write, buy, send, make等

  You may send him an E-mail or write him a letter.

  這個句子也可使用以下結構:

  You may send an E-mail (to him) or write a letter to him. 所以 to 和 for 是連接雙賓語結構的重要介詞。

  該句型的重點是要記住以下短語,特別是所用的介詞:

  to cure of(治愈)

  to accuse of(譴責)

  to convince of(說服)

  to inform of(通知)

  to notify of (通知)

  to clean of (清除)

  to warn of / against (警告)

  to cheat of(欺騙)

  to rob of(搶劫)

  例如:

  We have to inform the family of the patients condition as soon as possible. / Have the family been informed of the patients condition? (我們得盡快將病人的病情通知其家屬。/ 已經將病人的病情通知其家人了嗎?)

  注意下面句子的結構變化:

  May I ask you a question? May I ask a question of you?

  直接和間接賓語的位置與上面短語有何不同?

  (五)第五句型:主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語

  先回顧一下本講第一節中有關賓語和賓語補足語的概念。

  這個句型也是考試的重點,主要有三個難點:

  1) 要不要 to的問題:

  The director wants you to come right now. (主任要你馬上就來。)

  句中to come 是賓語you的補足語。也就是說,當賓語補足語是動詞時,一般要用 to連接。但是,以下情況例外:

  n make, let, have等使役動詞,如:

  Shall I have him come here?(要我叫他來嗎?)

  I wont have him cheat me. (否定式,表示容許:我決不容許他欺騙我)

  上述句型變為被動語態時,一般要加 to,如:

  The nurse made the patient eat something. (護士讓病人吃了點東西。)

  The patient was made to eat something.

  有時,賓語補足語也可用 -ing形式,如:

  His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes. (他的笑話使我們笑了幾分鐘。- 注意后面的時間狀語for a couple of minutes)

  記住下面重要表達方式:

  to have / get (something) done, 如:

  I am going to have (get) my watch repaired.(我去修一下表。)

  n see, hear, notice, observe, watch, look at, listen to 等感覺動詞:

  使用原則與上述大致相同。

  2) 要不要 it的問題:

  先看兩個句子:

  We sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit. (有時我們發現要改掉一個壞習慣很難。)該句的原始結構可理解為:We sometimes find (to get rid of a bad habit) difficult. 括號部分(動詞不定式)為賓語,difficult為賓語補足語

  The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.(醫生已經跟你說得很清楚了,你的胃沒有什么問題。)該句的原始結構可理解為:The doctor has made (there is nothing wrong with your stomach)clear. 括號部分(句子)為賓語,clear為賓語補足語

  歸納:

  n 在主語 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語結構中,當賓語是動詞不定式或句子時,要用it(不是this, that或其他任何詞)作形式賓語,將動詞不定式或句子移到句子的后面去。

  n 考試時,判斷要不要 it,主要看句子后面有沒有動詞不定式或句子,若有,要選 it

  n 賓語、賓語補足語倒裝:當賓語(名詞)較長,賓語補足語較短(往往是1個形容詞,如possible, impossible, difficult, easy, clear等)時,為了句子結構均衡,往往采用倒裝,這里不存在it的使用問題, 對下句作出判斷:

  The development of ultrasound has made ______ early diagnosis of some fatal diseases. (超聲波的出現使許多致命疾病的早期診斷成為可能。)

  A. it possible

  B. possible

  C. it is

  D. it

  該題的正確答案應為B,因為句子采用了倒裝形式,原結構為:

  The development of ultrasound has made [early diagnosis of some fatal diseases] possible.

  賓語 補足語

  3) 記住以下短語:

  to takeas(把當作)

  to think ofas(把看作)

  to regardas(把看作)

  to refer toas(把叫作)

  關于五個基本句型,重點要掌握每個句型的出題點,舉一反三。

  

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