英語四六級聽力預(yù)測及近三年的考試規(guī)律總結(jié)

　　2023年12月14日，即將迎來四六級改革后的第一次考試。筆者簡單預(yù)測了12月的考試情況并總結(jié)了近三年的考試規(guī)律，供正在緊張復(fù)習(xí)的考生們參考。　　對于今年12月的考試--　　1.難度上：　　很難說以后的聽力難度會有大幅下降的時候。很多做過歷史真題的同學(xué)都會發(fā)現(xiàn)，近三年的考試總體難度其實(shí)是上升了。所以對于下次12月份的考試，我們需要有對于難度上的一個心理預(yù)期。可能下次12月份的考題更加具有挑戰(zhàn)性。　　2.內(nèi)容上：　　在普通場景和話題加強(qiáng)的基礎(chǔ)上，也要重視這幾年比較新的商務(wù)話題：　　在這次長對話中和短對話里又都涉及到了商業(yè)的范疇。從2007年6月的長對話開始、包括去年和2011年，長對話都涉及到了商務(wù)話題，所以說這個內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是各位考生需要重視的了。　　3.能力考查重點(diǎn)上：　　在短對話部分，充分重視需要理解的人物意圖和推斷題。在長對話和短文的部分，需要盡量理解、注重同義替換和定位的作用，迎接句義理解替換上的難題出現(xiàn)。　　總結(jié)過去的考題，總體來看，這三年的考題聽力部分有以下幾個顯著特點(diǎn)。　　對基礎(chǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)加重　　近年考試聽力部分的一個顯著特點(diǎn)是加強(qiáng)了對基礎(chǔ)的考察。舉剛過去的2023年6月考試為例，聽力題目中出現(xiàn)了一些有分量的生詞，很多考生會覺得熟悉但是一下子難以想到意思，如compartment，distorted，exaggerated，dictating machine，prescription，price range，maternity leave等。　　再往前回憶2011年12月的考試，涉及到了如a fractured ankle 骨折的腳踝、ward 病房、campaign 商業(yè)宣傳活動、trade fair 商品交易會、initial proposal 最初的提議、extension 延期、prime minister 首相、headline 頭條資訊、cabinet meeting 內(nèi)閣會議、space shuttle 航天飛船、routine mission 常規(guī)任務(wù)，等比較困難的詞匯。　　2023年6月份的題目同樣涉及到了重要的場景和常見的場景代表詞匯。如：spine脊椎、ballet芭蕾舞團(tuán)、conflict in her schedule時間安排上的沖突、drain排水、a bit short on cash手頭錢不夠、vegetarian素食者、generosity慷慨大方、lever控制杠桿、resort勝地、mineral water礦泉水、Chamber of Commerce商會、stray走失流浪、recession-stricken受經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退影響的、interracial不同種族間的、 intriguing有趣的、problematic有疑問的、convict證明有罪、jury陪審團(tuán)、testimony證詞、eyewitness 目擊證人。　　而對此的建議是，各位考生可以結(jié)合基礎(chǔ)的場景詞和真題中的高頻詞把基礎(chǔ)夯實(shí)，并結(jié)合考題來練習(xí)，不要出現(xiàn)明顯的短板。　　短對話題型變化：　　一，審題壓力增大　　前幾年考試中，大部分的短對話選項是幾乎沒有審題壓力的，在單詞量適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下，只有一些復(fù)雜或需要翻譯的選項會給考生帶來緊張。但是近三年來，聽力部分的選項明顯變得復(fù)雜了，無論從選項的結(jié)構(gòu)上看還是選項的長度上看，考生的審題壓力增大了。很多考生都認(rèn)為審題完成才有做對答案的可能，雖然事實(shí)未必如此，但如此一來選項未看完帶來的緊張感會使一些同學(xué)亂了陣腳，把本可能答對的題也聽錯了。　　應(yīng)對方法：提高閱讀速度、擴(kuò)大詞匯量，通過真題練習(xí)，高效完成有效的審題，并練習(xí)劃重點(diǎn)。　　二，對于投機(jī)取巧打擊加重　　幾乎大部分四六級考生心中都會有對于聽力的這樣一句話叫短對話聽啥不選啥，也就是視聽反向，考生們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，這句話越來越不那么好用了。事實(shí)上，近些年來的幾次考試，出題人都在盡量避免鉆空子的發(fā)生。2010年以后的短對話中非常明顯的一個特點(diǎn)就是人物意圖題和推斷題增多。這類題的問題如 What does the man mean?/ What does the woman imply?/ What can we learn/ infer from this conversation? / What do we know about ... from this conversation?等。同學(xué)們?nèi)耘f要警惕在今年12月考試中此類題目會以壓倒性比重在短對話中出現(xiàn)。　　應(yīng)對方法：找出歷年真題中此類題目練習(xí)，體會共性和出題要點(diǎn)。　　三，同義替換的難度加大　　在幾年前的考題中，同義替換往往是詞之間完成的，如assume, expect, think之間的替換，switch to, change, convert之間的替換，suit and tie和dress formally之間的替換。而近三年的聽力中同義替換更注重語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換。　　舉剛過去的2023年6月考試聽力短對話為例：　　分別出現(xiàn)：12. Affordable housing is rare in this city.替換He has difficulty finding affordable housing. 13. Oh, thats your number for the new photocopier. It acquires an access code everyone got one.替換A code number is necessary to run the copy machine. 14. And since she wants to go back to work, Ive decided to take a year off to raise the baby.替換He will stop work to take care of the baby.15. Well, OK. It looks like everyone in town came to the mall today.替換The shopping center is flooded with people.　　應(yīng)對方法：理解語句的意思、提高語法基礎(chǔ)，熟記常見的同義、近義詞組。　　長對話和短文題型變化：　　總的來看，近三年長對話和短文中細(xì)節(jié)題變得更難、推斷題增多。　　三年以前題目中的長對話和短文都是在細(xì)節(jié)題上為大家友情送分。近幾次考試中長對話和短文不乏仍有簡單題目，但是很多細(xì)節(jié)題變難，更有推斷題增多。　　如2023年6月考試第一篇短文--短文來自于Peter Svensson, AP Technology Writer ,是07年1月30號的yahoo news上發(fā)表的資訊。　　Would you trust a robot to park your car? The question will confront New Yorkers in February as the citys first robotic parking opens in Chinatown.　　The technology has been successfully applied overseas, but the only other public robotic garage in the United States has been troublesome, dropping vehicles and trapping cars because of technical problems.　　Nonetheless, the developers of the Chinatown garage are confident with the technology and are counting on it to squeeze 67 cars in an apartment-building basement that would otherwise fit only 24, accomplished by removing a maneuver space normally required.　　A human-shaped robot wont be stepping into your car to drive it. Rather, the garage itself does the parking. The driver stops the car on a flat platform and gets out. The platform is lowered into the garage, and it is then transported to a vacant parking space by a computer-controlled device similar to an elevator that also runs sideways.　　There is no human supervision, but an attendant will be on hand to accept cash and explain the system to newly users. Parking rates will be attracted about $400 monthly or $25 per day, according to Ari Milstein, the director of planning for Automation Parking Systems, which is the U.S. subsidiary of a German company. This company has built automated garages in several countries overseas and in the United States for residents of a Washington, D.C. apartment building.　　四道問題分別是：　　Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.　　26. What do we learn about the robot parking in the U.S. so far?　　27. What advantage does robotic parking have according to the developers?　　28. What does the attendant do in the automated garage?　　29. What does the company say about the parking rate?　　其中前三道題是細(xì)節(jié)題。　　第26題答案在文章開頭，所謂的首句群出題，開頭The technology has been successfully applied overseas, but the only other public robotic garage in the United States has been troublesome, dropping vehicles and trapping cars because of technical problems.在but這詞的提示下，后面的信息尤為重要。機(jī)器人停車在海外是項很成功的技術(shù)，然而在美國卻遇到了一些麻煩。得出答案A. It has not been very successful.　　第27題答案繼續(xù)定位在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系上。Nonetheless, the developers of the Chinatown garage are confident with the technology and are counting on it to squeeze 67 cars in an apartment-building basement that would otherwise fit only 24, accomplished by removing a maneuver space normally required. 機(jī)器人停車可以停進(jìn)67輛車，普通情況只能停24輛車，由此選B. It increases parking capacity.　　第28題考察了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系和同義替換，There is no human supervision, but an attendant will be on hand to accept cash and explain the system to newly users.在but之后出現(xiàn)答案，而原文的accept替換了collect，所以選A. Collect money and help new users.　　第29題不再是細(xì)節(jié)題，Parking rates will be attracted about $400 monthly or $25 per day，可以用排除法排除錯誤選項，也可以看選項B. They will be discountable to regular customers.其中discountable的意思是可打折的，按每天25美元一個月30天來計算，應(yīng)該正常是750美元每個月。而原文說 regular customers只需要400美元每個月。所以是可以打折了。答案選B. They will be discountable to regular customers.這道題想在考場上短時間做出來并不容易。　　應(yīng)對方法：首先，視聽基本一致一定要結(jié)合同義替換。加強(qiáng)理解能力是關(guān)鍵。其次，盡量看完六級歷史題目的所有短文部分的出題位置，會發(fā)現(xiàn)出題位置有明確的規(guī)律。這些在往期的文章中已有詳盡的介紹。

　　2023年12月14日，即將迎來四六級改革后的第一次考試。筆者簡單預(yù)測了12月的考試情況并總結(jié)了近三年的考試規(guī)律，供正在緊張復(fù)習(xí)的考生們參考。　　對于今年12月的考試--　　1.難度上：　　很難說以后的聽力難度會有大幅下降的時候。很多做過歷史真題的同學(xué)都會發(fā)現(xiàn)，近三年的考試總體難度其實(shí)是上升了。所以對于下次12月份的考試，我們需要有對于難度上的一個心理預(yù)期。可能下次12月份的考題更加具有挑戰(zhàn)性。　　2.內(nèi)容上：　　在普通場景和話題加強(qiáng)的基礎(chǔ)上，也要重視這幾年比較新的商務(wù)話題：　　在這次長對話中和短對話里又都涉及到了商業(yè)的范疇。從2007年6月的長對話開始、包括去年和2011年，長對話都涉及到了商務(wù)話題，所以說這個內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是各位考生需要重視的了。　　3.能力考查重點(diǎn)上：　　在短對話部分，充分重視需要理解的人物意圖和推斷題。在長對話和短文的部分，需要盡量理解、注重同義替換和定位的作用，迎接句義理解替換上的難題出現(xiàn)。　　總結(jié)過去的考題，總體來看，這三年的考題聽力部分有以下幾個顯著特點(diǎn)。　　對基礎(chǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)加重　　近年考試聽力部分的一個顯著特點(diǎn)是加強(qiáng)了對基礎(chǔ)的考察。舉剛過去的2023年6月考試為例，聽力題目中出現(xiàn)了一些有分量的生詞，很多考生會覺得熟悉但是一下子難以想到意思，如compartment，distorted，exaggerated，dictating machine，prescription，price range，maternity leave等。　　再往前回憶2011年12月的考試，涉及到了如a fractured ankle 骨折的腳踝、ward 病房、campaign 商業(yè)宣傳活動、trade fair 商品交易會、initial proposal 最初的提議、extension 延期、prime minister 首相、headline 頭條資訊、cabinet meeting 內(nèi)閣會議、space shuttle 航天飛船、routine mission 常規(guī)任務(wù)，等比較困難的詞匯。　　2023年6月份的題目同樣涉及到了重要的場景和常見的場景代表詞匯。如：spine脊椎、ballet芭蕾舞團(tuán)、conflict in her schedule時間安排上的沖突、drain排水、a bit short on cash手頭錢不夠、vegetarian素食者、generosity慷慨大方、lever控制杠桿、resort勝地、mineral water礦泉水、Chamber of Commerce商會、stray走失流浪、recession-stricken受經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退影響的、interracial不同種族間的、 intriguing有趣的、problematic有疑問的、convict證明有罪、jury陪審團(tuán)、testimony證詞、eyewitness 目擊證人。　　而對此的建議是，各位考生可以結(jié)合基礎(chǔ)的場景詞和真題中的高頻詞把基礎(chǔ)夯實(shí)，并結(jié)合考題來練習(xí)，不要出現(xiàn)明顯的短板。　　短對話題型變化：　　一，審題壓力增大　　前幾年考試中，大部分的短對話選項是幾乎沒有審題壓力的，在單詞量適當(dāng)?shù)那闆r下，只有一些復(fù)雜或需要翻譯的選項會給考生帶來緊張。但是近三年來，聽力部分的選項明顯變得復(fù)雜了，無論從選項的結(jié)構(gòu)上看還是選項的長度上看，考生的審題壓力增大了。很多考生都認(rèn)為審題完成才有做對答案的可能，雖然事實(shí)未必如此，但如此一來選項未看完帶來的緊張感會使一些同學(xué)亂了陣腳，把本可能答對的題也聽錯了。　　應(yīng)對方法：提高閱讀速度、擴(kuò)大詞匯量，通過真題練習(xí)，高效完成有效的審題，并練習(xí)劃重點(diǎn)。　　二，對于投機(jī)取巧打擊加重　　幾乎大部分四六級考生心中都會有對于聽力的這樣一句話叫短對話聽啥不選啥，也就是視聽反向，考生們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，這句話越來越不那么好用了。事實(shí)上，近些年來的幾次考試，出題人都在盡量避免鉆空子的發(fā)生。2010年以后的短對話中非常明顯的一個特點(diǎn)就是人物意圖題和推斷題增多。這類題的問題如 What does the man mean?/ What does the woman imply?/ What can we learn/ infer from this conversation? / What do we know about ... from this conversation?等。同學(xué)們?nèi)耘f要警惕在今年12月考試中此類題目會以壓倒性比重在短對話中出現(xiàn)。　　應(yīng)對方法：找出歷年真題中此類題目練習(xí)，體會共性和出題要點(diǎn)。　　三，同義替換的難度加大　　在幾年前的考題中，同義替換往往是詞之間完成的，如assume, expect, think之間的替換，switch to, change, convert之間的替換，suit and tie和dress formally之間的替換。而近三年的聽力中同義替換更注重語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換。　　舉剛過去的2023年6月考試聽力短對話為例：　　分別出現(xiàn)：12. Affordable housing is rare in this city.替換He has difficulty finding affordable housing. 13. Oh, thats your number for the new photocopier. It acquires an access code everyone got one.替換A code number is necessary to run the copy machine. 14. And since she wants to go back to work, Ive decided to take a year off to raise the baby.替換He will stop work to take care of the baby.15. Well, OK. It looks like everyone in town came to the mall today.替換The shopping center is flooded with people.　　應(yīng)對方法：理解語句的意思、提高語法基礎(chǔ)，熟記常見的同義、近義詞組。　　長對話和短文題型變化：　　總的來看，近三年長對話和短文中細(xì)節(jié)題變得更難、推斷題增多。　　三年以前題目中的長對話和短文都是在細(xì)節(jié)題上為大家友情送分。近幾次考試中長對話和短文不乏仍有簡單題目，但是很多細(xì)節(jié)題變難，更有推斷題增多。　　如2023年6月考試第一篇短文--短文來自于Peter Svensson, AP Technology Writer ,是07年1月30號的yahoo news上發(fā)表的資訊。　　Would you trust a robot to park your car? The question will confront New Yorkers in February as the citys first robotic parking opens in Chinatown.　　The technology has been successfully applied overseas, but the only other public robotic garage in the United States has been troublesome, dropping vehicles and trapping cars because of technical problems.　　Nonetheless, the developers of the Chinatown garage are confident with the technology and are counting on it to squeeze 67 cars in an apartment-building basement that would otherwise fit only 24, accomplished by removing a maneuver space normally required.　　A human-shaped robot wont be stepping into your car to drive it. Rather, the garage itself does the parking. The driver stops the car on a flat platform and gets out. The platform is lowered into the garage, and it is then transported to a vacant parking space by a computer-controlled device similar to an elevator that also runs sideways.　　There is no human supervision, but an attendant will be on hand to accept cash and explain the system to newly users. Parking rates will be attracted about $400 monthly or $25 per day, according to Ari Milstein, the director of planning for Automation Parking Systems, which is the U.S. subsidiary of a German company. This company has built automated garages in several countries overseas and in the United States for residents of a Washington, D.C. apartment building.　　四道問題分別是：　　Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.　　26. What do we learn about the robot parking in the U.S. so far?　　27. What advantage does robotic parking have according to the developers?　　28. What does the attendant do in the automated garage?　　29. What does the company say about the parking rate?　　其中前三道題是細(xì)節(jié)題。　　第26題答案在文章開頭，所謂的首句群出題，開頭The technology has been successfully applied overseas, but the only other public robotic garage in the United States has been troublesome, dropping vehicles and trapping cars because of technical problems.在but這詞的提示下，后面的信息尤為重要。機(jī)器人停車在海外是項很成功的技術(shù)，然而在美國卻遇到了一些麻煩。得出答案A. It has not been very successful.　　第27題答案繼續(xù)定位在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系上。Nonetheless, the developers of the Chinatown garage are confident with the technology and are counting on it to squeeze 67 cars in an apartment-building basement that would otherwise fit only 24, accomplished by removing a maneuver space normally required. 機(jī)器人停車可以停進(jìn)67輛車，普通情況只能停24輛車，由此選B. It increases parking capacity.　　第28題考察了轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系和同義替換，There is no human supervision, but an attendant will be on hand to accept cash and explain the system to newly users.在but之后出現(xiàn)答案，而原文的accept替換了collect，所以選A. Collect money and help new users.　　第29題不再是細(xì)節(jié)題，Parking rates will be attracted about $400 monthly or $25 per day，可以用排除法排除錯誤選項，也可以看選項B. They will be discountable to regular customers.其中discountable的意思是可打折的，按每天25美元一個月30天來計算，應(yīng)該正常是750美元每個月。而原文說 regular customers只需要400美元每個月。所以是可以打折了。答案選B. They will be discountable to regular customers.這道題想在考場上短時間做出來并不容易。　　應(yīng)對方法：首先，視聽基本一致一定要結(jié)合同義替換。加強(qiáng)理解能力是關(guān)鍵。其次，盡量看完六級歷史題目的所有短文部分的出題位置，會發(fā)現(xiàn)出題位置有明確的規(guī)律。這些在往期的文章中已有詳盡的介紹。