2023考研英語詞匯復(fù)習(xí)：英文藥品說明書之不良反應(yīng)
第七節(jié) 不良反應(yīng)
不良反應(yīng)這一項(xiàng)中包括藥物的副作用、癥狀及體征、毒性作用及耐受力、過敏反應(yīng)、停藥等?，F(xiàn)分述如下：
1.不良反應(yīng)的常用的英語表示法有：
Adverse Reaction不良反應(yīng) Unwanted Reaction不良反應(yīng)
2副作用的常用的英語表示法有：
Side-effect 副作用 Unwanted Effects 副作用
Side Reaction 副作用 By-effects 副作用
3.常見的霉副反應(yīng)的癥狀及體征的詞語很多，但記住下列詞語很有必要：
allergic reaction 過敏反應(yīng)
allergy 過敏 dizzziness 眩暈
gastrointestinal tract 胃腸道 fever 發(fā)熱
local reaction 局部反應(yīng) flush 潮紅
skin reaction皮膚反應(yīng) headache 頭痛
symptom癥狀 nausea 惡心
systematic 全身的 pruritus 瘙癢
anorexia 厭食 rash 皮疹
blood count 白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù) spasm 痙攣
blood pressure 血壓 thirst 口渴
coma 昏迷 tiredness 疲倦
diarrhea 腹瀉 vomiting 嘔吐
4.霉性、耐受性的英語表示法：
toxicity 毒性
tolerance 耐受力，耐藥性
tolerate 耐受
5.停藥的英語表示法舉例：
abandon 停藥
discontinue 停藥，中斷
cease停藥
dont use 勿使用
suspend 停藥
terminate 停止，結(jié)束
withdraw停藥
6.其他一些常見的基本詞匯及短語：
acute 急性的 control控制
chronic 慢性的 diminish減少
common 常見的 disappear 消失
irreversible 不可逆的 encounter 遇到，見到
mild 輕微的 give rise to 產(chǎn)生
normal 正常的 include 包括
rare罕見的 lead to 導(dǎo)致
reverside 可逆的 manifest 表明，顯示
severe 嚴(yán)重的 observe觀察到
temporary 暫時(shí)的 produce 產(chǎn)生
transient 一過性的，短暫的 react to 對反應(yīng)
appear出現(xiàn)
result from 由引起 be reported 報(bào)道
result in 導(dǎo)致 cause 引起
treat 治療
special careshould be exercised 特別小心
例1 Ciprofloxactin is generally well tolerated. The most frequently reported adverse reactions are: nausea, diarrhaea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdomina pain, headache, restlessness, rash, dizziness and pruritus.
環(huán)丙沙星一般耐受良好。最常報(bào)道的副作用有：惡心、腹瀉、嘔吐、消化不良、腹痛、頭痛、不安、皮疹、頭暈及瘙癢。
例2 Side-effects are rare with slow-K, as any excess potassium is rapidly excreted in the urine.
施樂凱的副作用根罕見，因?yàn)槿魏芜^量的鉀都迅速由尿排出。
例3 At the recommended dosage side-effects e.g. venous irritatiion or hypersensitivity reactions are only observed in isolated cases.
用推薦劑量治療時(shí)，僅見個(gè)別的靜脈刺激或過敏反應(yīng)病例。
例4 When adverse reactions occur, they are usually reversible and disappear when the hormone is discontinued.
當(dāng)不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生時(shí)，它們往往是可逆的，停用激素后副作用即消失。
例5 The most serious side-effect is damage to the bone marrow. Because of this, the white blood cell count should be controlled often enough druing the treatment.
最嚴(yán)重的副作用是骨髓損害，因此在治療期間，要經(jīng)常監(jiān)測白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)。
例6 These unwanted effects usually disappear spontaneously after 7-14 days or following a temporary reduction in the dosage.
這些副作用通常在7-14日之后，或者暫時(shí)降低劑量便自行消失。
例7 With high dosage continuous infusion over 5 to 7 days, the gastrointestinal complications are more pronounced and can on occasion lead to ileus. All side effects are reversible after cessation of therapy.
大劑量連續(xù)輸注超過 5～7日，胃腸道并發(fā)癥更為明顯，偶爾可導(dǎo)致腸梗阻。停藥后副作用皆可逆轉(zhuǎn)。
例 8 In some patients nausea， dizziness，and vomiting may occur in the first days of treatment but the treatment need not be discontinued for that. In rare cases a decrease of blood pressure may appear for which a blood pressure check-up is recommended in out-patients before the treatment is initiated. If side-effects persist, lower doses should be administered.
服用本品的頭幾天，有些病人可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)惡心、頭暈和嘔吐，但不必停藥。偶有血壓下降的病例，為此，在治療開始前建議對門診患者檢測血壓。若副作用持續(xù)不消失，應(yīng)減少服用劑量。
例9 Major adverse reactions include inhibition of myelopoiesis, drug fever and hepatitis.
較重的不良反應(yīng)包括抑制骨髓細(xì)胞生成，藥物熱及肝炎。
例10 Side-effects: Loss of appetite and nausea occur in most cases, sometimes with vomiting. These symptoms are usually confined to the first few days of treatment and then tend to disappear.
副作用：多數(shù)病例出現(xiàn)食欲減退、惡心，有時(shí)嘔吐。這些癥狀通常發(fā)生在治療的最初幾天，以后逐漸消失。
從上述例句可見，本項(xiàng)中英語的普通詞匯較多，只要有一定的英語基礎(chǔ)均可讀懂，專業(yè)詞匯多為醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯，可從英漢醫(yī)學(xué)詞典中查出。
第七節(jié) 不良反應(yīng)
不良反應(yīng)這一項(xiàng)中包括藥物的副作用、癥狀及體征、毒性作用及耐受力、過敏反應(yīng)、停藥等。現(xiàn)分述如下：
1.不良反應(yīng)的常用的英語表示法有：
Adverse Reaction不良反應(yīng) Unwanted Reaction不良反應(yīng)
2副作用的常用的英語表示法有：
Side-effect 副作用 Unwanted Effects 副作用
Side Reaction 副作用 By-effects 副作用
3.常見的霉副反應(yīng)的癥狀及體征的詞語很多，但記住下列詞語很有必要：
allergic reaction 過敏反應(yīng)
allergy 過敏 dizzziness 眩暈
gastrointestinal tract 胃腸道 fever 發(fā)熱
local reaction 局部反應(yīng) flush 潮紅
skin reaction皮膚反應(yīng) headache 頭痛
symptom癥狀 nausea 惡心
systematic 全身的 pruritus 瘙癢
anorexia 厭食 rash 皮疹
blood count 白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù) spasm 痙攣
blood pressure 血壓 thirst 口渴
coma 昏迷 tiredness 疲倦
diarrhea 腹瀉 vomiting 嘔吐
4.霉性、耐受性的英語表示法：
toxicity 毒性
tolerance 耐受力，耐藥性
tolerate 耐受
5.停藥的英語表示法舉例：
abandon 停藥
discontinue 停藥，中斷
cease停藥
dont use 勿使用
suspend 停藥
terminate 停止，結(jié)束
withdraw停藥
6.其他一些常見的基本詞匯及短語：
acute 急性的 control控制
chronic 慢性的 diminish減少
common 常見的 disappear 消失
irreversible 不可逆的 encounter 遇到，見到
mild 輕微的 give rise to 產(chǎn)生
normal 正常的 include 包括
rare罕見的 lead to 導(dǎo)致
reverside 可逆的 manifest 表明，顯示
severe 嚴(yán)重的 observe觀察到
temporary 暫時(shí)的 produce 產(chǎn)生
transient 一過性的，短暫的 react to 對反應(yīng)
appear出現(xiàn)
result from 由引起 be reported 報(bào)道
result in 導(dǎo)致 cause 引起
treat 治療
special careshould be exercised 特別小心
例1 Ciprofloxactin is generally well tolerated. The most frequently reported adverse reactions are: nausea, diarrhaea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdomina pain, headache, restlessness, rash, dizziness and pruritus.
環(huán)丙沙星一般耐受良好。最常報(bào)道的副作用有：惡心、腹瀉、嘔吐、消化不良、腹痛、頭痛、不安、皮疹、頭暈及瘙癢。
例2 Side-effects are rare with slow-K, as any excess potassium is rapidly excreted in the urine.
施樂凱的副作用根罕見，因?yàn)槿魏芜^量的鉀都迅速由尿排出。
例3 At the recommended dosage side-effects e.g. venous irritatiion or hypersensitivity reactions are only observed in isolated cases.
用推薦劑量治療時(shí)，僅見個(gè)別的靜脈刺激或過敏反應(yīng)病例。
例4 When adverse reactions occur, they are usually reversible and disappear when the hormone is discontinued.
當(dāng)不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生時(shí)，它們往往是可逆的，停用激素后副作用即消失。
例5 The most serious side-effect is damage to the bone marrow. Because of this, the white blood cell count should be controlled often enough druing the treatment.
最嚴(yán)重的副作用是骨髓損害，因此在治療期間，要經(jīng)常監(jiān)測白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)。
例6 These unwanted effects usually disappear spontaneously after 7-14 days or following a temporary reduction in the dosage.
這些副作用通常在7-14日之后，或者暫時(shí)降低劑量便自行消失。
例7 With high dosage continuous infusion over 5 to 7 days, the gastrointestinal complications are more pronounced and can on occasion lead to ileus. All side effects are reversible after cessation of therapy.
大劑量連續(xù)輸注超過 5～7日，胃腸道并發(fā)癥更為明顯，偶爾可導(dǎo)致腸梗阻。停藥后副作用皆可逆轉(zhuǎn)。
例 8 In some patients nausea， dizziness，and vomiting may occur in the first days of treatment but the treatment need not be discontinued for that. In rare cases a decrease of blood pressure may appear for which a blood pressure check-up is recommended in out-patients before the treatment is initiated. If side-effects persist, lower doses should be administered.
服用本品的頭幾天，有些病人可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)惡心、頭暈和嘔吐，但不必停藥。偶有血壓下降的病例，為此，在治療開始前建議對門診患者檢測血壓。若副作用持續(xù)不消失，應(yīng)減少服用劑量。
例9 Major adverse reactions include inhibition of myelopoiesis, drug fever and hepatitis.
較重的不良反應(yīng)包括抑制骨髓細(xì)胞生成，藥物熱及肝炎。
例10 Side-effects: Loss of appetite and nausea occur in most cases, sometimes with vomiting. These symptoms are usually confined to the first few days of treatment and then tend to disappear.
副作用：多數(shù)病例出現(xiàn)食欲減退、惡心，有時(shí)嘔吐。這些癥狀通常發(fā)生在治療的最初幾天，以后逐漸消失。
從上述例句可見，本項(xiàng)中英語的普通詞匯較多，只要有一定的英語基礎(chǔ)均可讀懂，專業(yè)詞匯多為醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯，可從英漢醫(yī)學(xué)詞典中查出。
