完形填空模擬練習(xí)及答案詳解
From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us.When humans first __1__ , they were like newborn children, unable to use this __2__ tool.Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kinds future __3__ and cultural growth increased.
Many linguists believe that evolution is __4__ for our ability to produce and use language.They __5__ that our highly evolved brain provides us __6__ an innate language ability not found in lower __7__ . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our __8__ for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, __9__ a function of the growth of the brain during childhood.Therefore there are critical __10__ times for language development.
Current __11__ of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. __12__ , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in __13__ grades.Young children often can learn several languages by being __14__ to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the __15__ of their first language have become firmly fixed.
__16__some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum.Children who have been __17__ from other human beings do not possess language.This demonstrates that __18__ with other human beings isnecessary for proper language development.Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language __19__ than any innate capacities.
These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. __20__ , children learn language from their parents by imitating them.Parents gradually shape their childs lang uage skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
1.A.generated B.evolved C.born D.originated
2.A.valuable B.appropriate C.convenient D.favorite
3.A.attainments B.feasibility C.entertainments D.evolution
4.A.essential B.available C.reliable D.responsible
5.A.confirm B.inform C.claim D.convince
6.A.for B.from C.of D.with
7.A.organizations B.organisms C.humans D.children
8.A.potential B.performance C.preference D.passion
9.A.as B.just as C.like D.unlike
10.A.ideological B.biological C.social D.psychological
11.A.reviews B.reference C.reaction D.recommendation
12.A.In a word B.In a sense C.Indeed D.In other words
13.A.various B.different C.the higher D.the lower
14.A.revealed B.exposed C.engaged D.involved
15.A.regulations B.formations C.rules D.constitutions
16.A.Although B.Whether C.Since D.When
17.A.distinguished B.different C.protected D.isolated
18.A.exposition B.comparison C.contrast D.interaction
19.A.acquisition B.appreciation C.requirement D.alternative
20.A.As a result B.After all C.In other words D.Above all
1.答案B
【解析】此處意為:當(dāng)人類剛剛開始進(jìn)化,他們?nèi)缤律鷥阂粯硬粫?huì)運(yùn)用語言這種工具。
evolved逐漸發(fā)展,進(jìn)化符合題意。generated生殖,發(fā)展;born 不能作謂語動(dòng)詞;originated起源,不能用first修飾。
2.答案A
【解析】根據(jù)語法分析,答案應(yīng)用來修飾語言的。valuable珍貴的;appropriate合適的,適當(dāng)?shù)?convenient方便的,便利的;favorite最喜歡的。語言并不是人類選擇的結(jié)果,而是人類在進(jìn)化過程中慢慢發(fā)展起來的,對(duì)人類來說,應(yīng)當(dāng)是珍貴的。
3.答案A
【解析】此處意思是:語言的發(fā)展增加了人類未來的成就和文化進(jìn)步的可能性。attainments成就;feasibility可行性;entertainments娛樂;evolution進(jìn)化。
4.答案D
【解析】此處意為:許多語言學(xué)家認(rèn)為進(jìn)化使人們產(chǎn)生和具備了語言的能力。固定短語be responsible for對(duì)負(fù)責(zé),是的原由。其它選項(xiàng)不與for搭配。
5.答案C
【解析】根據(jù)語法分析,空格后應(yīng)是一個(gè)賓語從句,而A,B,D三項(xiàng)后都不能接從句做直接賓語。confirm+名詞;informsb.of sth.;convince sb.of sth.
6.答案D
【解析】固定搭配provide sb.with sth.意為向提供
7.答案B
【解析】此處意為:我們高度發(fā)達(dá)的大腦是我們具備了其它低等動(dòng)物所不具備的語言能力。顯然,這里是把人和低等動(dòng)物相比較。因此選organisms有機(jī)體,生物體。
8.答案A
【解析】此句意思是:人類的語言能力是與生俱來的,但語言本身也在逐漸發(fā)展,所以這種能力應(yīng)該是潛在的。potential潛力;performance履行;preference偏愛;passion激情。
9.答案A
【解析】此句句義是:語言本身作為童年時(shí)期大腦生長(zhǎng)的一種功能,其發(fā)展是緩慢的。as 合乎題意。Like作為介詞的意思是像一樣。
10.答案B
【解析】此句意為:語言的發(fā)展有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵期,人體的成長(zhǎng)是生物變化的過程。biological生物的;ideological思想上的;social社會(huì)的;psychological心理的。
11.答案A
【解析】此處意為:目前人們對(duì)先天論評(píng)論觀點(diǎn)不一,但是支持某些天生能力的證據(jù)卻是確鑿無疑的。reviews評(píng)論;reference參考;reaction反應(yīng);recommendation推薦。
12.答案C
【解析】從11題可看出,作者是傾向于先天論的,為了進(jìn)一步證明先天論是有道理的,作者選擇了以學(xué)校為例加以說明,因此這里應(yīng)填一個(gè)表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞Indeed。
13.答案D
【解析】此處意思是:越來越多的學(xué)校發(fā)現(xiàn)在什么年級(jí)學(xué)外語較容易,根據(jù)常識(shí)以及后文的Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults可以選定答案。
14.答案B
【解析】此處意為:通過接觸多種語言,孩子們可以學(xué)會(huì)好幾種語言。be exposed to是固定搭配,接觸到。revealsth.to sb,不合題意,因本題中的them指languages。其余選項(xiàng)不與to搭配。engage in從事;be involved in參與。
15.答案C
【解析】此句意思是:一旦母語的規(guī)則被深深印入腦海中,成年人就很難再學(xué)好另一種語言。rules規(guī)則,規(guī)律;regulations規(guī)定;formations構(gòu)成,構(gòu)造;constitutions憲法,章程。
16.答案A
【解析】分析上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,從句意思是:語言的某些方面肯定是先天的。主句意思是:語言不會(huì)在與人隔絕的狀況下自行發(fā)展。前后應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
17.答案D
【解析】此句意為:與人隔絕的兒童不能掌握好一門語言。isolated孤立的,與人隔絕的;distinguished區(qū)別的,杰出的;different不同的;protected受到保護(hù)的。
18.答案D
【解析】此句總結(jié)前幾句,意為:必須通過與他人交往,語言才能夠發(fā)展。interaction相互作用;exposition暴露;comparison比較;contrast對(duì)比。
18.A.average B.ordinary C.normal D.academic
19.A.statement B.strategy C.situation D.suggestion
20.A.in that B.for which C.with whom D.such as
1.答案B
【解析】將第1,2,3題通盤考慮。此處意為老師會(huì)花一兩個(gè)小時(shí)用幻燈來解釋講課的內(nèi)容,寫出一些重要的信息,散發(fā)一些閱讀材料,布置作業(yè)。illustrate用圖解說明,舉例說明。
2.答案C
【解析】參考第1題答案。attribute把的原因歸為contribute有助于,貢獻(xiàn);distribute分發(fā),散發(fā),與下文的give out同義。
3.答案A
【解析】assignments作業(yè),任務(wù)。
4.答案C
【解析】新生發(fā)現(xiàn)別的學(xué)生一直在記筆記,他們不知道該記些什么,所以用wonders。而suspects;understands ;convinces與題意不符。
5.答案B
【解析】with結(jié)構(gòu)在此表示伴隨的結(jié)果,說明學(xué)生聽完講座卻記了一些抓不住重點(diǎn)的筆記。
6.答案D
【解析】這里是一個(gè)并列句,并列的兩個(gè)部分是which do not catch the main points and which become hard even for the students to understand.
7.答案D
【解析】此句意為:學(xué)生記下的筆記連自己也無法明白。
8.答案C
【解析】鑒于上述情況,許多學(xué)校開設(shè)課程以幫助新生培養(yǎng)記筆記的能力,成為一名真正有效率的聽眾。assist幫助,援助。
9.答案A
【解析】參考第8題答案。effective有效的;passive被動(dòng)的;relative相對(duì)的;expressive表現(xiàn)的,富于表情的。
10.答案D
【解析】此處的意思是:如果這些課程不可行的話,還會(huì)有許多行之有效的學(xué)習(xí)技巧的指導(dǎo),這些指導(dǎo)使學(xué)生們能夠獨(dú)立地鍛煉這些學(xué)習(xí)技巧,在此If表示假設(shè)條件。
11.答案A
【解析】enable sb.to do sth使人能夠干什么;stimulate激發(fā),刺激;advocate提倡,倡導(dǎo);prevent阻止。
12.答案A
【解析】independently獨(dú)立地;repeatedly再三,重復(fù)地;logically合乎邏輯地;generally大體上,一般地。
13.答案C
【解析】此句意為通常學(xué)生在開始學(xué)習(xí)之前就應(yīng)該解決這種聽課技能的問題,此處C.to tackle problem意為解決問題。evaluate估計(jì),評(píng)估;acquaint使認(rèn)識(shí),了解;formulate用公式表示,系統(tǒng)地闡述或提出。
14.答案A
【解析】參考13題。
15.答案B
【解析】這里的意思是承認(rèn)大多數(shù)學(xué)生在獲取語言技能方面有困難,這是很重要的。因?yàn)橹挥谐姓J(rèn)這種困難才能提出克服困難的方法。所以選B.acknowledge承認(rèn),認(rèn)可。
predict預(yù)測(cè);argue爭(zhēng)論,論證;ignore忽略,忽視。
16.答案B
【解析】過去分詞做定語。
17.答案D
【解析】克服困難用overcome difficulty。不用preventing阻止,阻礙;withstand經(jīng)受住,抵抗;sustain支撐,經(jīng)受。
18.答案D
【解析】本題涉及學(xué)年的表達(dá)方法。
19.答案B
【解析】此句意為:另一種基本的方案或策略是尋找一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的伙伴。strategy策略,方案。
20.答案C
【解析】本題測(cè)試介詞與關(guān)系代詞的用法,with whom表示與同伴一起學(xué)習(xí)。
From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us.When humans first __1__ , they were like newborn children, unable to use this __2__ tool.Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kinds future __3__ and cultural growth increased.
Many linguists believe that evolution is __4__ for our ability to produce and use language.They __5__ that our highly evolved brain provides us __6__ an innate language ability not found in lower __7__ . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our __8__ for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, __9__ a function of the growth of the brain during childhood.Therefore there are critical __10__ times for language development.
Current __11__ of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. __12__ , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in __13__ grades.Young children often can learn several languages by being __14__ to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the __15__ of their first language have become firmly fixed.
__16__some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum.Children who have been __17__ from other human beings do not possess language.This demonstrates that __18__ with other human beings isnecessary for proper language development.Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language __19__ than any innate capacities.
These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. __20__ , children learn language from their parents by imitating them.Parents gradually shape their childs lang uage skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
1.A.generated B.evolved C.born D.originated
2.A.valuable B.appropriate C.convenient D.favorite
3.A.attainments B.feasibility C.entertainments D.evolution
4.A.essential B.available C.reliable D.responsible
5.A.confirm B.inform C.claim D.convince
6.A.for B.from C.of D.with
7.A.organizations B.organisms C.humans D.children
8.A.potential B.performance C.preference D.passion
9.A.as B.just as C.like D.unlike
10.A.ideological B.biological C.social D.psychological
11.A.reviews B.reference C.reaction D.recommendation
12.A.In a word B.In a sense C.Indeed D.In other words
13.A.various B.different C.the higher D.the lower
14.A.revealed B.exposed C.engaged D.involved
15.A.regulations B.formations C.rules D.constitutions
16.A.Although B.Whether C.Since D.When
17.A.distinguished B.different C.protected D.isolated
18.A.exposition B.comparison C.contrast D.interaction
19.A.acquisition B.appreciation C.requirement D.alternative
20.A.As a result B.After all C.In other words D.Above all
1.答案B
【解析】此處意為:當(dāng)人類剛剛開始進(jìn)化,他們?nèi)缤律鷥阂粯硬粫?huì)運(yùn)用語言這種工具。
evolved逐漸發(fā)展,進(jìn)化符合題意。generated生殖,發(fā)展;born 不能作謂語動(dòng)詞;originated起源,不能用first修飾。
2.答案A
【解析】根據(jù)語法分析,答案應(yīng)用來修飾語言的。valuable珍貴的;appropriate合適的,適當(dāng)?shù)?convenient方便的,便利的;favorite最喜歡的。語言并不是人類選擇的結(jié)果,而是人類在進(jìn)化過程中慢慢發(fā)展起來的,對(duì)人類來說,應(yīng)當(dāng)是珍貴的。
3.答案A
【解析】此處意思是:語言的發(fā)展增加了人類未來的成就和文化進(jìn)步的可能性。attainments成就;feasibility可行性;entertainments娛樂;evolution進(jìn)化。
4.答案D
【解析】此處意為:許多語言學(xué)家認(rèn)為進(jìn)化使人們產(chǎn)生和具備了語言的能力。固定短語be responsible for對(duì)負(fù)責(zé),是的原由。其它選項(xiàng)不與for搭配。
5.答案C
【解析】根據(jù)語法分析,空格后應(yīng)是一個(gè)賓語從句,而A,B,D三項(xiàng)后都不能接從句做直接賓語。confirm+名詞;informsb.of sth.;convince sb.of sth.
6.答案D
【解析】固定搭配provide sb.with sth.意為向提供
7.答案B
【解析】此處意為:我們高度發(fā)達(dá)的大腦是我們具備了其它低等動(dòng)物所不具備的語言能力。顯然,這里是把人和低等動(dòng)物相比較。因此選organisms有機(jī)體,生物體。
8.答案A
【解析】此句意思是:人類的語言能力是與生俱來的,但語言本身也在逐漸發(fā)展,所以這種能力應(yīng)該是潛在的。potential潛力;performance履行;preference偏愛;passion激情。
9.答案A
【解析】此句句義是:語言本身作為童年時(shí)期大腦生長(zhǎng)的一種功能,其發(fā)展是緩慢的。as 合乎題意。Like作為介詞的意思是像一樣。
10.答案B
【解析】此句意為:語言的發(fā)展有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵期,人體的成長(zhǎng)是生物變化的過程。biological生物的;ideological思想上的;social社會(huì)的;psychological心理的。
11.答案A
【解析】此處意為:目前人們對(duì)先天論評(píng)論觀點(diǎn)不一,但是支持某些天生能力的證據(jù)卻是確鑿無疑的。reviews評(píng)論;reference參考;reaction反應(yīng);recommendation推薦。
12.答案C
【解析】從11題可看出,作者是傾向于先天論的,為了進(jìn)一步證明先天論是有道理的,作者選擇了以學(xué)校為例加以說明,因此這里應(yīng)填一個(gè)表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的詞Indeed。
13.答案D
【解析】此處意思是:越來越多的學(xué)校發(fā)現(xiàn)在什么年級(jí)學(xué)外語較容易,根據(jù)常識(shí)以及后文的Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults可以選定答案。
14.答案B
【解析】此處意為:通過接觸多種語言,孩子們可以學(xué)會(huì)好幾種語言。be exposed to是固定搭配,接觸到。revealsth.to sb,不合題意,因本題中的them指languages。其余選項(xiàng)不與to搭配。engage in從事;be involved in參與。
15.答案C
【解析】此句意思是:一旦母語的規(guī)則被深深印入腦海中,成年人就很難再學(xué)好另一種語言。rules規(guī)則,規(guī)律;regulations規(guī)定;formations構(gòu)成,構(gòu)造;constitutions憲法,章程。
16.答案A
【解析】分析上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,從句意思是:語言的某些方面肯定是先天的。主句意思是:語言不會(huì)在與人隔絕的狀況下自行發(fā)展。前后應(yīng)為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
17.答案D
【解析】此句意為:與人隔絕的兒童不能掌握好一門語言。isolated孤立的,與人隔絕的;distinguished區(qū)別的,杰出的;different不同的;protected受到保護(hù)的。
18.答案D
【解析】此句總結(jié)前幾句,意為:必須通過與他人交往,語言才能夠發(fā)展。interaction相互作用;exposition暴露;comparison比較;contrast對(duì)比。
18.A.average B.ordinary C.normal D.academic
19.A.statement B.strategy C.situation D.suggestion
20.A.in that B.for which C.with whom D.such as
1.答案B
【解析】將第1,2,3題通盤考慮。此處意為老師會(huì)花一兩個(gè)小時(shí)用幻燈來解釋講課的內(nèi)容,寫出一些重要的信息,散發(fā)一些閱讀材料,布置作業(yè)。illustrate用圖解說明,舉例說明。
2.答案C
【解析】參考第1題答案。attribute把的原因歸為contribute有助于,貢獻(xiàn);distribute分發(fā),散發(fā),與下文的give out同義。
3.答案A
【解析】assignments作業(yè),任務(wù)。
4.答案C
【解析】新生發(fā)現(xiàn)別的學(xué)生一直在記筆記,他們不知道該記些什么,所以用wonders。而suspects;understands ;convinces與題意不符。
5.答案B
【解析】with結(jié)構(gòu)在此表示伴隨的結(jié)果,說明學(xué)生聽完講座卻記了一些抓不住重點(diǎn)的筆記。
6.答案D
【解析】這里是一個(gè)并列句,并列的兩個(gè)部分是which do not catch the main points and which become hard even for the students to understand.
7.答案D
【解析】此句意為:學(xué)生記下的筆記連自己也無法明白。
8.答案C
【解析】鑒于上述情況,許多學(xué)校開設(shè)課程以幫助新生培養(yǎng)記筆記的能力,成為一名真正有效率的聽眾。assist幫助,援助。
9.答案A
【解析】參考第8題答案。effective有效的;passive被動(dòng)的;relative相對(duì)的;expressive表現(xiàn)的,富于表情的。
10.答案D
【解析】此處的意思是:如果這些課程不可行的話,還會(huì)有許多行之有效的學(xué)習(xí)技巧的指導(dǎo),這些指導(dǎo)使學(xué)生們能夠獨(dú)立地鍛煉這些學(xué)習(xí)技巧,在此If表示假設(shè)條件。
11.答案A
【解析】enable sb.to do sth使人能夠干什么;stimulate激發(fā),刺激;advocate提倡,倡導(dǎo);prevent阻止。
12.答案A
【解析】independently獨(dú)立地;repeatedly再三,重復(fù)地;logically合乎邏輯地;generally大體上,一般地。
13.答案C
【解析】此句意為通常學(xué)生在開始學(xué)習(xí)之前就應(yīng)該解決這種聽課技能的問題,此處C.to tackle problem意為解決問題。evaluate估計(jì),評(píng)估;acquaint使認(rèn)識(shí),了解;formulate用公式表示,系統(tǒng)地闡述或提出。
14.答案A
【解析】參考13題。
15.答案B
【解析】這里的意思是承認(rèn)大多數(shù)學(xué)生在獲取語言技能方面有困難,這是很重要的。因?yàn)橹挥谐姓J(rèn)這種困難才能提出克服困難的方法。所以選B.acknowledge承認(rèn),認(rèn)可。
predict預(yù)測(cè);argue爭(zhēng)論,論證;ignore忽略,忽視。
16.答案B
【解析】過去分詞做定語。
17.答案D
【解析】克服困難用overcome difficulty。不用preventing阻止,阻礙;withstand經(jīng)受住,抵抗;sustain支撐,經(jīng)受。
18.答案D
【解析】本題涉及學(xué)年的表達(dá)方法。
19.答案B
【解析】此句意為:另一種基本的方案或策略是尋找一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)的伙伴。strategy策略,方案。
20.答案C
【解析】本題測(cè)試介詞與關(guān)系代詞的用法,with whom表示與同伴一起學(xué)習(xí)。