學習由whose引導的定語從句及語法句型
一 、學習由whose引導的定語從句
whose 是定語從句中一個常用的關系代詞, 它是關系代詞who的所有格,在從句中作定語,也就是說當先行詞與從句中某個名詞有所屬關系,表達的意思時,用關系代詞whose 引導定語從句,它既可以指代人,也可以指代物,既可引導限制性定語從句,也可以引導非限制性定語從句。
例:①Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt, was taken to the hospital. 金先生腿受重傷,被送進了醫院。
②They lives in a room whose window opens to the south. 他們住在一間窗戶朝南開的房間里。
whose短語在定語從句中有時可作介詞賓語, 即構成介詞+whose+名詞引導定語從句并在從句中作狀語。
例:①The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident. 金先生工作所在的部門領導已經聽人說過這一意外事故。
②He is the student of whose brother we are always proud. 他就是那個我們總是為他哥哥感到驕傲的學生。
whose引導定語從句時,通常可與of which/of whom引導的定語從句進行轉換。
例:①I made a table,the surface of whichis quite smooth. 我制了張桌子,桌面很光滑。
I made a table, whose surface is quite smooth.
②I live in a room whose windowopens to the south. 我住在一間窗戶朝南開的屋子里。
③The professor of whom a daughter has gone abroad is very famous in China. 那位他的女兒已經出國了的教授在國內很有名。
二 、語法句型
1 、不定式作目的狀語
不定式具有副詞的特征,在句中可以作目的狀語,修飾謂語動詞,表示動作或狀態的目的。
例:He came to see me last Sunday. 他上星期天來看過我。
為了強調目的狀語,可以用in order to+動詞原形,甚至可以將in order to短語提到句首。
例:①I had to lie to the company and pretend to be a man in order to get a job. 為了得到工作,我不得不對公司撒謊,并裝扮成男人。
②In order to catch the train, Ill get up very early tomorrow morning. 為了趕火車,我明天將很早起床。
此外還可以用so as to短語來作目的狀語,但so as to不能置于句首。
例:She lied to us because she had to so as to get a job. 她對我們撒謊,那是因為為了得到工作,她不得不這么做。
2 、一般現在時在條件狀語從句中的用法
條件狀語從句中,當謂語動詞是將來某個時間發生的動作或狀態時,通常要用一般現在時態來表示。
例:①Unless you tell me ,I shall not be able to help you. 除非你告訴我,否則我無法幫助你。
②If anyone at work discovers my secret, I shall lose my job. 公司里任何人知道了我的秘密,我都將失業。
3 、形容詞在句中作賓補
有些及物動詞,除了跟賓語外,還須加上一個詞或短語來說明賓語的狀態,以補充其意義上的不足,這樣的詞或短語叫做賓語補足語,它與賓語之間有主謂關系,通常形容詞在句中可作賓語補足語。
例:①So I cut my hair short. 于是我把頭發剪短了。
②They washed their clothes very clean. 他們將衣服洗得干干凈凈。
除形容詞外,副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式,分詞等均可作賓補。
例:①Will you please bring him in ? 請把他帶進來好嗎?
②We elected him monitor of our class. 我們選他當班長。
4 、It seems that/as if...
本句型實際上是主+系+表結構,其中it是無人稱代詞,本身并無詞意,也并非形式主語,seems為系動詞,that/as if...引導表語從句,本句型使that/as if引導的從句所表達的意思變得不大肯定或者使語氣變得較為委婉。
例:①It seems that it is more difficult for women to get to the top of the company. 婦女似乎更難提升到公司的最高職位。
②It seems to me that he has known everything.
看來他似乎什么事都知道了。
③It seems as if it is going to rain.
看來天要下雨了。
It seems常可以用I guess that...來替換。
例:①I guess mens hands and fingers are too big !
It seems that mens hands and fingers are too big. 男人的手和手指似乎太大了。
②It seems that she told a lie in order to get a job in our company.
I guess she told a lie in order to get a job in our company. 看來她為了想在我們公司找一份工作,向我們撒了謊。
5、 have sb./sth. doing sth.
此句型中,have為使役動詞,分詞短語在句中作賓語補足語,與賓語之間是主動關系,意為使某人做某事,強調動作的持續性。
例:①We have never had women working in this part of our company before. 我們以前從來沒有讓女人在我們公司的這個部門工作。
②They had their lights burning all night long. 他們通宵把燈點著。
如果只強調讓某人、某物做某事而不強調動作的持續性時,我們可用省to的不定式在句中作賓語補足語。
例:I wont have you do such things. 我不讓你去做這些事。
當使役動詞have后接過去分詞短語,作賓語補足語時,賓語則與補足語之間是被動關系,即have sth. done句型, 此句型有兩種含義。
其一:表示使得某事得以做成或把某事做完。
例:①Ill have my bicycle repaired. 我將把自行車推去修好。
②I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天去理了發。
其二:表示遭遇某種情況或經歷一個事情或行動。
例:①King Charlies I had his head cut off. 國王查理一世被砍了頭。
②She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的錢包被偷了。
6、 Does it matter...
此句型中,it為無人稱代詞,作主語,matter是動詞,意思是關系重要,主要用于否定句,疑問句和條件狀語從句中。
例:①Does it matter if an engineer is a man or a woman? 工程師是男是女,這有什么關系呢?
②What does it matter? 這有什么關系?
③It doesnt matter, does it ? 這沒多大關系,是嗎?
④It doesnt matter to me what you do or how you do it. 你做什么,怎么做對我都無關緊要。
一 、學習由whose引導的定語從句
whose 是定語從句中一個常用的關系代詞, 它是關系代詞who的所有格,在從句中作定語,也就是說當先行詞與從句中某個名詞有所屬關系,表達的意思時,用關系代詞whose 引導定語從句,它既可以指代人,也可以指代物,既可引導限制性定語從句,也可以引導非限制性定語從句。
例:①Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt, was taken to the hospital. 金先生腿受重傷,被送進了醫院。
②They lives in a room whose window opens to the south. 他們住在一間窗戶朝南開的房間里。
whose短語在定語從句中有時可作介詞賓語, 即構成介詞+whose+名詞引導定語從句并在從句中作狀語。
例:①The boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident. 金先生工作所在的部門領導已經聽人說過這一意外事故。
②He is the student of whose brother we are always proud. 他就是那個我們總是為他哥哥感到驕傲的學生。
whose引導定語從句時,通常可與of which/of whom引導的定語從句進行轉換。
例:①I made a table,the surface of whichis quite smooth. 我制了張桌子,桌面很光滑。
I made a table, whose surface is quite smooth.
②I live in a room whose windowopens to the south. 我住在一間窗戶朝南開的屋子里。
③The professor of whom a daughter has gone abroad is very famous in China. 那位他的女兒已經出國了的教授在國內很有名。
二 、語法句型
1 、不定式作目的狀語
不定式具有副詞的特征,在句中可以作目的狀語,修飾謂語動詞,表示動作或狀態的目的。
例:He came to see me last Sunday. 他上星期天來看過我。
為了強調目的狀語,可以用in order to+動詞原形,甚至可以將in order to短語提到句首。
例:①I had to lie to the company and pretend to be a man in order to get a job. 為了得到工作,我不得不對公司撒謊,并裝扮成男人。
②In order to catch the train, Ill get up very early tomorrow morning. 為了趕火車,我明天將很早起床。
此外還可以用so as to短語來作目的狀語,但so as to不能置于句首。
例:She lied to us because she had to so as to get a job. 她對我們撒謊,那是因為為了得到工作,她不得不這么做。
2 、一般現在時在條件狀語從句中的用法
條件狀語從句中,當謂語動詞是將來某個時間發生的動作或狀態時,通常要用一般現在時態來表示。
例:①Unless you tell me ,I shall not be able to help you. 除非你告訴我,否則我無法幫助你。
②If anyone at work discovers my secret, I shall lose my job. 公司里任何人知道了我的秘密,我都將失業。
3 、形容詞在句中作賓補
有些及物動詞,除了跟賓語外,還須加上一個詞或短語來說明賓語的狀態,以補充其意義上的不足,這樣的詞或短語叫做賓語補足語,它與賓語之間有主謂關系,通常形容詞在句中可作賓語補足語。
例:①So I cut my hair short. 于是我把頭發剪短了。
②They washed their clothes very clean. 他們將衣服洗得干干凈凈。
除形容詞外,副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式,分詞等均可作賓補。
例:①Will you please bring him in ? 請把他帶進來好嗎?
②We elected him monitor of our class. 我們選他當班長。
4 、It seems that/as if...
本句型實際上是主+系+表結構,其中it是無人稱代詞,本身并無詞意,也并非形式主語,seems為系動詞,that/as if...引導表語從句,本句型使that/as if引導的從句所表達的意思變得不大肯定或者使語氣變得較為委婉。
例:①It seems that it is more difficult for women to get to the top of the company. 婦女似乎更難提升到公司的最高職位。
②It seems to me that he has known everything.
看來他似乎什么事都知道了。
③It seems as if it is going to rain.
看來天要下雨了。
It seems常可以用I guess that...來替換。
例:①I guess mens hands and fingers are too big !
It seems that mens hands and fingers are too big. 男人的手和手指似乎太大了。
②It seems that she told a lie in order to get a job in our company.
I guess she told a lie in order to get a job in our company. 看來她為了想在我們公司找一份工作,向我們撒了謊。
5、 have sb./sth. doing sth.
此句型中,have為使役動詞,分詞短語在句中作賓語補足語,與賓語之間是主動關系,意為使某人做某事,強調動作的持續性。
例:①We have never had women working in this part of our company before. 我們以前從來沒有讓女人在我們公司的這個部門工作。
②They had their lights burning all night long. 他們通宵把燈點著。
如果只強調讓某人、某物做某事而不強調動作的持續性時,我們可用省to的不定式在句中作賓語補足語。
例:I wont have you do such things. 我不讓你去做這些事。
當使役動詞have后接過去分詞短語,作賓語補足語時,賓語則與補足語之間是被動關系,即have sth. done句型, 此句型有兩種含義。
其一:表示使得某事得以做成或把某事做完。
例:①Ill have my bicycle repaired. 我將把自行車推去修好。
②I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天去理了發。
其二:表示遭遇某種情況或經歷一個事情或行動。
例:①King Charlies I had his head cut off. 國王查理一世被砍了頭。
②She had her wallet stolen yesterday. 昨天她的錢包被偷了。
6、 Does it matter...
此句型中,it為無人稱代詞,作主語,matter是動詞,意思是關系重要,主要用于否定句,疑問句和條件狀語從句中。
例:①Does it matter if an engineer is a man or a woman? 工程師是男是女,這有什么關系呢?
②What does it matter? 這有什么關系?
③It doesnt matter, does it ? 這沒多大關系,是嗎?
④It doesnt matter to me what you do or how you do it. 你做什么,怎么做對我都無關緊要。