2023年英語四級(jí)翻譯備考課堂筆記（5）
1. _________________ ，there would be no more reason to fear them than to fear men..
2. When it is short of water，a plant _______________.
3. He has never mixed with them or _____________，but has demanded and generally received a respect due to his position and superior intelligence.
4.Your Math instructor would have been happy ________________had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.
5. ________________of the family，the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to saving for the retirement years.
答案與解析:
1. If machines really thought as men do
如果機(jī)器真的能像人一樣會(huì)思考的話，那么就沒有理由害怕它們，如同沒有理由害怕人類一樣。本題考查虛擬語氣的用法。如果所述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，那么虛擬條件句的從句謂語部分用過去時(shí)態(tài)，主句謂語部分用would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原型。如果所述與過去事實(shí)相反，則從句謂語用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，主句謂語用would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。如果所述與將來事實(shí)相反，則從句謂語用 should/were to+動(dòng)詞原型，主句謂語用would/could/should/might+動(dòng)詞原型。
2. normally uses evaporation as a means of cooling
本題考查考生的詞匯量。蒸發(fā)和降溫可以分別用evaporation，cooling。cool本來是形容詞涼爽的，酷的，好的，作為動(dòng)詞可以表示降溫。本句可譯為：在缺乏水分時(shí)，植物一般用蒸發(fā)作為降溫的手段。
3. spoken to them on equal terms
本題在理解上有一定難度，首先要看懂全句意思：他從來沒有同它們親密來往，或是同它們坦誠(chéng)交流，但由于他的地位和高人一籌的聰明才智，他要求、也通常贏得了他們的尊敬。同他們坦誠(chéng)交流的坦誠(chéng)英語里沒有一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)詞，只有用短語來表示。on equal terms是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用語，表示平等相處。另外，句子需填入部分還要注意前后時(shí)態(tài)一致。前半句用的是He has never...而...or...暗示前后是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，所以交流也應(yīng)用完成時(shí)態(tài)。
4. to give you a make-up examination
本題是一個(gè)虛擬語氣句，had you gone and explained...是由于省略了標(biāo)記詞if而部分倒裝。補(bǔ)考在英文里有固定搭配make-up examination。make up表示彌補(bǔ)、整理、和解、不足等。make-up暗含補(bǔ)救的意思。而這句話沒有必要譯成to give you a chance of make-up examination，因?yàn)檫@樣在語義上就犯了重復(fù)的錯(cuò)誤。這句話完整的意思是：如果你去向他解釋你父母那時(shí)生病了，你的數(shù)學(xué)老師會(huì)樂于給你一次補(bǔ)考機(jī)會(huì)的。
5. As the children become financially independent
考查的是隨著......狀語從句，英語可以用as引導(dǎo)。另一個(gè)考點(diǎn)是漢語動(dòng)詞詞性向英語形容詞詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換。全句意為：隨著孩子們?cè)诮?jīng)濟(jì)上從家庭中獨(dú)立出來，家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)保障的重心將從保護(hù)轉(zhuǎn)移到為退休后的生活儲(chǔ)蓄。
1. _________________ ，there would be no more reason to fear them than to fear men..
2. When it is short of water，a plant _______________.
3. He has never mixed with them or _____________，but has demanded and generally received a respect due to his position and superior intelligence.
4.Your Math instructor would have been happy ________________had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.
5. ________________of the family，the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to saving for the retirement years.
答案與解析:
1. If machines really thought as men do
如果機(jī)器真的能像人一樣會(huì)思考的話，那么就沒有理由害怕它們，如同沒有理由害怕人類一樣。本題考查虛擬語氣的用法。如果所述與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，那么虛擬條件句的從句謂語部分用過去時(shí)態(tài)，主句謂語部分用would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞原型。如果所述與過去事實(shí)相反，則從句謂語用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，主句謂語用would/could/might/should+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。如果所述與將來事實(shí)相反，則從句謂語用 should/were to+動(dòng)詞原型，主句謂語用would/could/should/might+動(dòng)詞原型。
2. normally uses evaporation as a means of cooling
本題考查考生的詞匯量。蒸發(fā)和降溫可以分別用evaporation，cooling。cool本來是形容詞涼爽的，酷的，好的，作為動(dòng)詞可以表示降溫。本句可譯為：在缺乏水分時(shí)，植物一般用蒸發(fā)作為降溫的手段。
3. spoken to them on equal terms
本題在理解上有一定難度，首先要看懂全句意思：他從來沒有同它們親密來往，或是同它們坦誠(chéng)交流，但由于他的地位和高人一籌的聰明才智，他要求、也通常贏得了他們的尊敬。同他們坦誠(chéng)交流的坦誠(chéng)英語里沒有一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)詞，只有用短語來表示。on equal terms是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用語，表示平等相處。另外，句子需填入部分還要注意前后時(shí)態(tài)一致。前半句用的是He has never...而...or...暗示前后是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，所以交流也應(yīng)用完成時(shí)態(tài)。
4. to give you a make-up examination
本題是一個(gè)虛擬語氣句，had you gone and explained...是由于省略了標(biāo)記詞if而部分倒裝。補(bǔ)考在英文里有固定搭配make-up examination。make up表示彌補(bǔ)、整理、和解、不足等。make-up暗含補(bǔ)救的意思。而這句話沒有必要譯成to give you a chance of make-up examination，因?yàn)檫@樣在語義上就犯了重復(fù)的錯(cuò)誤。這句話完整的意思是：如果你去向他解釋你父母那時(shí)生病了，你的數(shù)學(xué)老師會(huì)樂于給你一次補(bǔ)考機(jī)會(huì)的。
5. As the children become financially independent
考查的是隨著......狀語從句，英語可以用as引導(dǎo)。另一個(gè)考點(diǎn)是漢語動(dòng)詞詞性向英語形容詞詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換。全句意為：隨著孩子們?cè)诮?jīng)濟(jì)上從家庭中獨(dú)立出來，家庭經(jīng)濟(jì)保障的重心將從保護(hù)轉(zhuǎn)移到為退休后的生活儲(chǔ)蓄。
