CET閱讀理解的那層窗戶紙
CET閱讀理解部分最簡單的命題方法是:挑選出某些內容,原原本本地提問,然后把原文的內容原封不動地放在被選答案選項中,再增加幾個干擾項。如此理想化的命題方法,筆者將其定義為直截了當法。既然是理想化,就說明在現實中根本不可能存在。
果真如此,考生可以一目了然地挑出正確答案。果真如此,閱讀理解30分甚至40分不再是夢,這無疑是廣大考生的福音。果真如此,即使沒有學過英語的人也能做對題目。
這當然是命題者不愿意看到的。他們絕對不會如此運作的,他們往往采取迂回的方法,曲線提問,人為地增加題目難度,釋放一些煙霧,讓正確答案若隱若現,想方設法地使答案難以捉摸。這就是命題者的思路。
1.CET閱讀理解的命題、解題方法同義復述法
如果我們撥開煙霧,稍加分析,就會發現閱讀文章命題思路基本相當于直截了當法。這個命題思路就是同義復述法,即問題或者正確答案是原文某些內容的另一種說法(restatement /paraphrase)。下面結合四級考試的一篇文章(部分),舉例說明如下:
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards,from warm praise to cold cash,affect motivation and creativity.Behaviorists,who study the relation between actions and their consequences,argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers,who study various aspects of mental life,maintain that rewards often de- stroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many support- ers,especially among educators.But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children,...
66.Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward _____ .
A)the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards
B)the amount of monetary rewards for studentscreativity
C)the study of relationship between actions and their consequences
D)the effects of external rewards on studentsperformances
67.What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?
A)They have no doubts about them.
B)They have doubts about them.
C)They approve of them.
D)They avoid talking about them.
首先分析第66題,這道題實際上是對首句的提問。換言之,這道題針對的是:Psychologists take opposing views of how ex- ternal rewards,from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity.
直截了當法應該是這樣的:
Psychologists take opposing views of _____
A)how external rewards affect motivation and creativity.
B)...
C)...
D)...
命題者對題目稍加包裝:Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes to-
ward...無非是對Psychologists take opposing views of...的解釋。而the effects of external rewards on students performances.不過是how external rewards affect motivation and creativity.的總結。
再以第67題為例,與該題有關的內容是maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.而這些內容可以總結為選擇項B)They have doubts about them.這樣的例子比比皆是。
可以說,同義復述法是放之四海的命題方法,也是考生行之有效的解題方法,是 CET取得高分的一把金鑰匙。同義復述法無異于CET閱讀題目的一層窗戶紙,一旦捅破,正確答案一覽無余。這種方法一旦被考生掌握,必將發揮巨大作用。
2.同義復述法的解題步驟
首先閱讀文章后面的5個問題,這樣可以做到有的放矢,可以有針對性地對文章內容有些格外關注。為了有效地記住問題,不妨把問題總結成一兩個關鍵詞,簡化信息。如上文的第66題可以歸結為Psychologist和divided。第67題簡化為educators。
第二步,快速瀏覽文章,不求甚解,抓住大意即可。
第三步,遇到記住的關鍵詞或其同義詞的時候,放慢速度,仔細閱讀關鍵詞前、后的句子(往往前一句或后一句即可)。找出哪個備選答案與關鍵詞所在的句子是同義復述。
同義復述法有別于某些指南書鼓吹的旁門左道。例如有的聽力技巧書里公然介紹說,備選答案中系表結構的是解。假定這個方法可靠,那么考生不需要聽原文就可以得高分。果真如此,那將是對CET的莫大諷刺。果真如此,命題者肯定會有彌補這個漏洞的辦法。果真如此,命題者肯定會在備選答案中回避系表結構的句子,這是非常容易做到的。
同義復述法并非投機取巧。通過上述三個步驟可以看出,該方法需要對問題以及原文認真分析綜合才能得出結論。該方法要求考生具備一定的語言知識。因此命題者并不排斥考生用這種方法解題。
CET閱讀理解部分最簡單的命題方法是:挑選出某些內容,原原本本地提問,然后把原文的內容原封不動地放在被選答案選項中,再增加幾個干擾項。如此理想化的命題方法,筆者將其定義為直截了當法。既然是理想化,就說明在現實中根本不可能存在。
果真如此,考生可以一目了然地挑出正確答案。果真如此,閱讀理解30分甚至40分不再是夢,這無疑是廣大考生的福音。果真如此,即使沒有學過英語的人也能做對題目。
這當然是命題者不愿意看到的。他們絕對不會如此運作的,他們往往采取迂回的方法,曲線提問,人為地增加題目難度,釋放一些煙霧,讓正確答案若隱若現,想方設法地使答案難以捉摸。這就是命題者的思路。
1.CET閱讀理解的命題、解題方法同義復述法
如果我們撥開煙霧,稍加分析,就會發現閱讀文章命題思路基本相當于直截了當法。這個命題思路就是同義復述法,即問題或者正確答案是原文某些內容的另一種說法(restatement /paraphrase)。下面結合四級考試的一篇文章(部分),舉例說明如下:
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards,from warm praise to cold cash,affect motivation and creativity.Behaviorists,who study the relation between actions and their consequences,argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers,who study various aspects of mental life,maintain that rewards often de- stroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many support- ers,especially among educators.But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children,...
66.Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward _____ .
A)the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards
B)the amount of monetary rewards for studentscreativity
C)the study of relationship between actions and their consequences
D)the effects of external rewards on studentsperformances
67.What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?
A)They have no doubts about them.
B)They have doubts about them.
C)They approve of them.
D)They avoid talking about them.
首先分析第66題,這道題實際上是對首句的提問。換言之,這道題針對的是:Psychologists take opposing views of how ex- ternal rewards,from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity.
直截了當法應該是這樣的:
Psychologists take opposing views of _____
A)how external rewards affect motivation and creativity.
B)...
C)...
D)...
命題者對題目稍加包裝:Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes to-
ward...無非是對Psychologists take opposing views of...的解釋。而the effects of external rewards on students performances.不過是how external rewards affect motivation and creativity.的總結。
再以第67題為例,與該題有關的內容是maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.而這些內容可以總結為選擇項B)They have doubts about them.這樣的例子比比皆是。
可以說,同義復述法是放之四海的命題方法,也是考生行之有效的解題方法,是 CET取得高分的一把金鑰匙。同義復述法無異于CET閱讀題目的一層窗戶紙,一旦捅破,正確答案一覽無余。這種方法一旦被考生掌握,必將發揮巨大作用。
2.同義復述法的解題步驟
首先閱讀文章后面的5個問題,這樣可以做到有的放矢,可以有針對性地對文章內容有些格外關注。為了有效地記住問題,不妨把問題總結成一兩個關鍵詞,簡化信息。如上文的第66題可以歸結為Psychologist和divided。第67題簡化為educators。
第二步,快速瀏覽文章,不求甚解,抓住大意即可。
第三步,遇到記住的關鍵詞或其同義詞的時候,放慢速度,仔細閱讀關鍵詞前、后的句子(往往前一句或后一句即可)。找出哪個備選答案與關鍵詞所在的句子是同義復述。
同義復述法有別于某些指南書鼓吹的旁門左道。例如有的聽力技巧書里公然介紹說,備選答案中系表結構的是解。假定這個方法可靠,那么考生不需要聽原文就可以得高分。果真如此,那將是對CET的莫大諷刺。果真如此,命題者肯定會有彌補這個漏洞的辦法。果真如此,命題者肯定會在備選答案中回避系表結構的句子,這是非常容易做到的。
同義復述法并非投機取巧。通過上述三個步驟可以看出,該方法需要對問題以及原文認真分析綜合才能得出結論。該方法要求考生具備一定的語言知識。因此命題者并不排斥考生用這種方法解題。