大學(xué)英語四級長難句 分割結(jié)構(gòu)（三）

　　Exercise

　　But the invalid who, forgetful of self, takes a strenuous and indestructible who, forgetful of self, takes a strenuous and indestructible interest in everything and everybody, as she did, and to whom a dull moment is an unknown thing, is a formidable adversary for disease.

　　Although her characters were portrayed in many settings and situations, they all reflected, by the often tragic outcome of their lives, her profound conviction that no human could be happy if that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness of another.

　　The described dichotomy is clearly part of a much wider one:civilization fall apart yet their component societies live on; societies disintegrate but their citizens survive; individuals die while their cells, perversely, still metabolize; finally, cells can be disrupted yet the enzymes they release may, for a while, remain active.

　　要點(diǎn)：此句由于表達(dá)的意思層次多，含義覆蓋面大，因此結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，但仍能找出主干結(jié)構(gòu)。句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：the invalid...is a formidable adversary for disease,其余的部分都是修飾成分。 forgetful of self 是一個(gè)插入成分，把定語從句who takes a strenuous and indestructible interest in everything and everybody 的主語和謂語部分分隔開來。as she did也是一個(gè)插入成分，其作用同forgetful of self一樣，對整個(gè)定語從句做修飾。and to whom a dull moment is an unknown thing是一個(gè)定語從句，它同who takes...everything and everybody是平行結(jié)構(gòu)，其作用也是限定the invalid，因此the invalid一共帶了兩個(gè)定語從句，兩個(gè)插入語，形成較為復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　譯文：但是一個(gè)身體有病的體弱的人，只要忘掉自己，像她那樣對一切事物和所有的人都有熱烈而頑強(qiáng)的興趣，并且一生不知愁怨為何物，那么對于病魔他就是勁敵。

　　要點(diǎn)：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。reflected的賓語是her profound conviction.that no human could be ... of another是 conviction的同位語從句。該從句也是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。by the often tragic outcome of their lives是狀語，說明reflected。by在此處的意思是by means of。 often是副詞，修飾形容詞tragic。由于reflected的賓語過場，所以把by短語插在reflected和它的賓語之間，結(jié)果使reflected和它的賓語被分隔。

　　譯文：如果幸福是建立在另一個(gè)人的痛苦之上，那就沒有人會有幸福，她的這種深切信念全都反映在一些人生結(jié)局通常都很悲慘的人物身上，雖然她筆下的人物出現(xiàn)在多種多樣的背景和情節(jié)當(dāng)中。

　　要點(diǎn)：在本句中，冒號后面的四個(gè)分句是并列的分句，用來說明冒號前面的主句的意思。

　　譯文：上面所描述的對死亡的二分法顯然不過是一個(gè)范圍更大的二分法的一部分而已：整個(gè)文明社會崩潰了，而其組成部分還繼續(xù)存在;社會崩潰了，而其中的公民還生存;人死了，而身上的細(xì)胞依然倔強(qiáng)地進(jìn)行新陳代謝;最后，細(xì)胞死了，而細(xì)胞釋放出的酶還能暫時(shí)保持活性。

　　Exercise

　　But the invalid who, forgetful of self, takes a strenuous and indestructible who, forgetful of self, takes a strenuous and indestructible interest in everything and everybody, as she did, and to whom a dull moment is an unknown thing, is a formidable adversary for disease.

　　Although her characters were portrayed in many settings and situations, they all reflected, by the often tragic outcome of their lives, her profound conviction that no human could be happy if that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness of another.

　　The described dichotomy is clearly part of a much wider one:civilization fall apart yet their component societies live on; societies disintegrate but their citizens survive; individuals die while their cells, perversely, still metabolize; finally, cells can be disrupted yet the enzymes they release may, for a while, remain active.

　　要點(diǎn)：此句由于表達(dá)的意思層次多，含義覆蓋面大，因此結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，但仍能找出主干結(jié)構(gòu)。句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：the invalid...is a formidable adversary for disease,其余的部分都是修飾成分。 forgetful of self 是一個(gè)插入成分，把定語從句who takes a strenuous and indestructible interest in everything and everybody 的主語和謂語部分分隔開來。as she did也是一個(gè)插入成分，其作用同forgetful of self一樣，對整個(gè)定語從句做修飾。and to whom a dull moment is an unknown thing是一個(gè)定語從句，它同who takes...everything and everybody是平行結(jié)構(gòu)，其作用也是限定the invalid，因此the invalid一共帶了兩個(gè)定語從句，兩個(gè)插入語，形成較為復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　譯文：但是一個(gè)身體有病的體弱的人，只要忘掉自己，像她那樣對一切事物和所有的人都有熱烈而頑強(qiáng)的興趣，并且一生不知愁怨為何物，那么對于病魔他就是勁敵。

　　要點(diǎn)：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。reflected的賓語是her profound conviction.that no human could be ... of another是 conviction的同位語從句。該從句也是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。by the often tragic outcome of their lives是狀語，說明reflected。by在此處的意思是by means of。 often是副詞，修飾形容詞tragic。由于reflected的賓語過場，所以把by短語插在reflected和它的賓語之間，結(jié)果使reflected和它的賓語被分隔。

　　譯文：如果幸福是建立在另一個(gè)人的痛苦之上，那就沒有人會有幸福，她的這種深切信念全都反映在一些人生結(jié)局通常都很悲慘的人物身上，雖然她筆下的人物出現(xiàn)在多種多樣的背景和情節(jié)當(dāng)中。

　　要點(diǎn)：在本句中，冒號后面的四個(gè)分句是并列的分句，用來說明冒號前面的主句的意思。

　　譯文：上面所描述的對死亡的二分法顯然不過是一個(gè)范圍更大的二分法的一部分而已：整個(gè)文明社會崩潰了，而其組成部分還繼續(xù)存在;社會崩潰了，而其中的公民還生存;人死了，而身上的細(xì)胞依然倔強(qiáng)地進(jìn)行新陳代謝;最后，細(xì)胞死了，而細(xì)胞釋放出的酶還能暫時(shí)保持活性。