2023考研英語閱讀反壟斷和航空公司
Antitrust and airlines
反壟斷和航空公司
Brace, brace
振奮起來,振奮起來
The merger of American Airlines and US Airwaysmeets resistance
美國航空公司和全美航空合并困難重重
FLYING conditions were perfect, it was widely agreed, when American Airlines and USAirways announced in February their intention to take off together.
人們普遍認為，美國航空和全美航空2月份宣布同時起飛的意向時，他們的飛行條件是完美的。
But on August 13th the airlines unexpectedly found themselves fighting severe headwindsas the Department of Justice and six state attorneys-general filed a lawsuit to ground theproposed merger for being anti-competitive.
但是8月13日，航空公司發現他們受到了嚴重的阻礙，因為司法部和6位州檢察官以反競爭為由提出訴訟阻止計劃的合并。
The trustbusters argued that this was a bad deal for passengers who would face higher airfares, higher fees and fewer choices.
聯邦反壟斷察官辯論道，這對于乘客來說是一項壞的提議，他們將面臨更高的票價，更高的費用和更少的選擇。
The new airline, to be called American Airlines Group, would be the world s biggest, witharound 187m passengers a year and more than 100,000 workers.
新航線，即美國航空集團，將會稱為世界上最大的航空公司，他們每年大約有1.87億客流量并擁有10萬多的員工。
After decades of consolidation, this would leave over 80% of America s domestic air-travelmarket in the hands of only four airlines:
合并后的十幾年，80%美國國內航空旅游市場會握在4大航空公司手中：
the new one plus Delta, United and Southwest.
新航線，達美航空，聯合航空和西南航空。
Nor would the concentration of the industry becertain to stop.
這個行業的集中當然也不會停止。
There is speculation that one reason the trustbusters decided to fight this deal is that theysuspect that the new airline is planning a further merger with United.
有推測說聯邦反壟斷檢察官決定反對這項提議的一個理由是他們懷疑新航線打算進一步和聯航合并。
Their action may also indicate that the Obama administration intends to take a tougherline on antitrust laws in its second term.
他們的行為也表明奧巴馬政府打算在其第二任期內在反壟斷法采取更強硬的路線。
Is this concern justified?
這個擔憂是有充分理由的嗎?
There are many industries where robust full-throated competition persists despite less thana half-dozen major players, says Peter Clark of University College London, a co-author of anew book on mergers, Masterminding the Deal.
來自倫敦大學學院的彼得?克拉克，一本關于合并的新書《策劃交易》的合著者說，有許多行業即使只有不到半打的主要的競爭對手，強勁有力的競爭還是會存在。
Examples include telecoms, retail, oil, chemicals and media.
具體實例包括電信、零售、石油、化學和媒體行業。
Moreover, American and US Airways compete directly on only 12 domestic routeswhichhelps to explain why the merger was expected to win approval.
而且美國航空和全美航空僅在12條國內航線上競爭，這也解釋了為什么合并會預期通過。
Yet the lawsuit shows that antitrust enforcers are taking a broader view of competitionthan has been typical when considering airline mergers in the past,
然而這項訴訟表明反壟斷實施者以更廣闊的眼光看待競爭而非過去典型的考慮航空公司合并的問題的方法，
by comparing the price American charges to fly direct between two cities with what USAirways charges between them with a stop en route.
也就是通過比較美國航空在兩個城市直飛的價格和全美航空兩個城市之間有一個停頓的價格。
Such flights take longer but are a lot cheaper. The antitrust authorities fear these attractiveone-stop fares,
這種航線時間長但是便宜很多。反壟斷局擔心這種一站式票價,
which in some cases have been set low and energetically marketed by US Airways to winbusiness from American, would go after the merger.
在某些情況下被全美航空定得很低的，并積極地營銷來從美國航空贏得生意的方法，在合并后會實行。
American and US Airways say they will mount a vigorous defence of the deal.
美國航空和全美航空稱他們會對這項交易發起一個強烈維護。
They will need to provide compelling evidence that passengers will benefitpresumablynot least by the new airline providing stronger competition to Delta and United.
他們會提供有力的證據證明乘客將會從中獲益尤其是由新航線提供更強的競爭給達美航空和聯航。
They will also have to explain away a treasure trove of internal e-mails uncovered by theantitrust watchdogs which appear to show airline executives dreaming of the many ways theywill be able to charge more after a merger.
他們也必須為被反壟斷檢查團體揭露的內部郵件作辯解，這些郵件顯示航空公司主管夢想著合并后許多方式他們能夠收取更多費用。
The airlines may try to settle the lawsuit before it gets to court by giving up certain routesto rivals or guaranteeing prices and services.
航空公司可能通過把某些路線給競爭對手或者保證價格和服務的方式，嘗試上法庭前解決訴訟問題。
If they are wise, these will be concentrated on Reagan National Airport in Washington, DC.
如果他們聰明，就會集中注意力在華盛頓特區的里根國家機場。
The new carrier would control 69% of landing slots at an airport under the noses ofregulators and politicians.
這個新的載體將會在監管人和政客的監管下控制69%的降落跑道。
This might constrain the operations of a rival, JetBlue, which leases slots from Americanand competes with US Airways to provide price competition on routes favoured by thenation s politicians.
這可能會限制對手捷藍航空的運行，捷藍航空向美國航空租用降落跑道，并與全美航空在受國家政客歡迎的線路上打價格戰。
第 2 頁：詞語解釋
1.take off 脫掉;起飛
It also makes for a more comfortable take off.
這也讓乘客在起飛時更感舒適。
Take off your coat and socks, which enables youdump redundant concerns.
脫掉外衣和鞋襪，就甩掉了多余的顧慮。
2.fill to 填寫
Set the current layer style to color dodge, opacity 65 and fill to 37.
調整當前圖層混合模式為顏色減淡，不透明度65%，填充37%。
Change the opacity to 40% and the fill to 50%.
將透明度設置為40%，填充設置為50%。
3.decide to 決定做
Why did you decide to talk about it?
那你為什么還決定把這件事說出來?
When you decide to improve your life, you really do.
當你決定去改變你的生活，你真的做了。
4.intend to 打算,想要
As we both have families, we intend to be discreet.
由于我們兩人都已成家，所以我們打算謹慎行事。
As president I intend to celebrate the rich diversity of human relationships.
作為總統，我打算慶祝人類關系上所具有的這種豐富多樣性。
Antitrust and airlines
反壟斷和航空公司
Brace, brace
振奮起來,振奮起來
The merger of American Airlines and US Airwaysmeets resistance
美國航空公司和全美航空合并困難重重
FLYING conditions were perfect, it was widely agreed, when American Airlines and USAirways announced in February their intention to take off together.
人們普遍認為，美國航空和全美航空2月份宣布同時起飛的意向時，他們的飛行條件是完美的。
But on August 13th the airlines unexpectedly found themselves fighting severe headwindsas the Department of Justice and six state attorneys-general filed a lawsuit to ground theproposed merger for being anti-competitive.
但是8月13日，航空公司發現他們受到了嚴重的阻礙，因為司法部和6位州檢察官以反競爭為由提出訴訟阻止計劃的合并。
The trustbusters argued that this was a bad deal for passengers who would face higher airfares, higher fees and fewer choices.
聯邦反壟斷察官辯論道，這對于乘客來說是一項壞的提議，他們將面臨更高的票價，更高的費用和更少的選擇。
The new airline, to be called American Airlines Group, would be the world s biggest, witharound 187m passengers a year and more than 100,000 workers.
新航線，即美國航空集團，將會稱為世界上最大的航空公司，他們每年大約有1.87億客流量并擁有10萬多的員工。
After decades of consolidation, this would leave over 80% of America s domestic air-travelmarket in the hands of only four airlines:
合并后的十幾年，80%美國國內航空旅游市場會握在4大航空公司手中：
the new one plus Delta, United and Southwest.
新航線，達美航空，聯合航空和西南航空。
Nor would the concentration of the industry becertain to stop.
這個行業的集中當然也不會停止。
There is speculation that one reason the trustbusters decided to fight this deal is that theysuspect that the new airline is planning a further merger with United.
有推測說聯邦反壟斷檢察官決定反對這項提議的一個理由是他們懷疑新航線打算進一步和聯航合并。
Their action may also indicate that the Obama administration intends to take a tougherline on antitrust laws in its second term.
他們的行為也表明奧巴馬政府打算在其第二任期內在反壟斷法采取更強硬的路線。
Is this concern justified?
這個擔憂是有充分理由的嗎?
There are many industries where robust full-throated competition persists despite less thana half-dozen major players, says Peter Clark of University College London, a co-author of anew book on mergers, Masterminding the Deal.
來自倫敦大學學院的彼得?克拉克，一本關于合并的新書《策劃交易》的合著者說，有許多行業即使只有不到半打的主要的競爭對手，強勁有力的競爭還是會存在。
Examples include telecoms, retail, oil, chemicals and media.
具體實例包括電信、零售、石油、化學和媒體行業。
Moreover, American and US Airways compete directly on only 12 domestic routeswhichhelps to explain why the merger was expected to win approval.
而且美國航空和全美航空僅在12條國內航線上競爭，這也解釋了為什么合并會預期通過。
Yet the lawsuit shows that antitrust enforcers are taking a broader view of competitionthan has been typical when considering airline mergers in the past,
然而這項訴訟表明反壟斷實施者以更廣闊的眼光看待競爭而非過去典型的考慮航空公司合并的問題的方法，
by comparing the price American charges to fly direct between two cities with what USAirways charges between them with a stop en route.
也就是通過比較美國航空在兩個城市直飛的價格和全美航空兩個城市之間有一個停頓的價格。
Such flights take longer but are a lot cheaper. The antitrust authorities fear these attractiveone-stop fares,
這種航線時間長但是便宜很多。反壟斷局擔心這種一站式票價,
which in some cases have been set low and energetically marketed by US Airways to winbusiness from American, would go after the merger.
在某些情況下被全美航空定得很低的，并積極地營銷來從美國航空贏得生意的方法，在合并后會實行。
American and US Airways say they will mount a vigorous defence of the deal.
美國航空和全美航空稱他們會對這項交易發起一個強烈維護。
They will need to provide compelling evidence that passengers will benefitpresumablynot least by the new airline providing stronger competition to Delta and United.
他們會提供有力的證據證明乘客將會從中獲益尤其是由新航線提供更強的競爭給達美航空和聯航。
They will also have to explain away a treasure trove of internal e-mails uncovered by theantitrust watchdogs which appear to show airline executives dreaming of the many ways theywill be able to charge more after a merger.
他們也必須為被反壟斷檢查團體揭露的內部郵件作辯解，這些郵件顯示航空公司主管夢想著合并后許多方式他們能夠收取更多費用。
The airlines may try to settle the lawsuit before it gets to court by giving up certain routesto rivals or guaranteeing prices and services.
航空公司可能通過把某些路線給競爭對手或者保證價格和服務的方式，嘗試上法庭前解決訴訟問題。
If they are wise, these will be concentrated on Reagan National Airport in Washington, DC.
如果他們聰明，就會集中注意力在華盛頓特區的里根國家機場。
The new carrier would control 69% of landing slots at an airport under the noses ofregulators and politicians.
這個新的載體將會在監管人和政客的監管下控制69%的降落跑道。
This might constrain the operations of a rival, JetBlue, which leases slots from Americanand competes with US Airways to provide price competition on routes favoured by thenation s politicians.
這可能會限制對手捷藍航空的運行，捷藍航空向美國航空租用降落跑道，并與全美航空在受國家政客歡迎的線路上打價格戰。
第 2 頁：詞語解釋
1.take off 脫掉;起飛
It also makes for a more comfortable take off.
這也讓乘客在起飛時更感舒適。
Take off your coat and socks, which enables youdump redundant concerns.
脫掉外衣和鞋襪，就甩掉了多余的顧慮。
2.fill to 填寫
Set the current layer style to color dodge, opacity 65 and fill to 37.
調整當前圖層混合模式為顏色減淡，不透明度65%，填充37%。
Change the opacity to 40% and the fill to 50%.
將透明度設置為40%，填充設置為50%。
3.decide to 決定做
Why did you decide to talk about it?
那你為什么還決定把這件事說出來?
When you decide to improve your life, you really do.
當你決定去改變你的生活，你真的做了。
4.intend to 打算,想要
As we both have families, we intend to be discreet.
由于我們兩人都已成家，所以我們打算謹慎行事。
As president I intend to celebrate the rich diversity of human relationships.
作為總統，我打算慶祝人類關系上所具有的這種豐富多樣性。
