初三英語(yǔ)專題講解:詞匯辨析(三)
1. think/ think/about/ think of
(1) think 單獨(dú)使用時(shí)表示思考, 接that 賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意為認(rèn)為,覺(jué)得。
I am thinking how to work out the problem.
I think she is a good student.
當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句含有否定概念時(shí),通常形式上否定think ,但意義上卻是否定賓語(yǔ)從句。
I dont think he can come.
I dont think it will be windy.
(2)think about 可接一個(gè)名詞,動(dòng)詞-ing 形式或由疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的不定式或賓語(yǔ)從句,意思是考慮。
I have thought about it for a long time.
Please think about how to tell her the bad news.
(3)think of 表示認(rèn)為, 一般用于疑問(wèn)句中,與what 連用。
What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like the TV play?
2. big/ large/ great
上述形容詞都表示大,但側(cè)重點(diǎn)及程度不同。
(1) big指具體事物的大小,強(qiáng)調(diào)比正常形體的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大,既可用在普通場(chǎng)合,也可用在正式場(chǎng)合。它可用來(lái)指人的身材高大或長(zhǎng)大了,還可表示偉大,重要之意。如:
Can you lift up this big stone?
On the last day I made a big decision.
(2) large特別強(qiáng)調(diào)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的大,指體積、面積、容積、數(shù)量之大。如:
A whale is a large animal.
A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.
(3) great除了表示數(shù)量體積之大外,又指抽象的程度,意味著偉大性,重要性,優(yōu)越性;常用于抽象
或無(wú)形的東西;用于有形的東西時(shí),常帶有偉大,大得令人吃驚等意思,含有一定的感情色彩。如:
China is a great country with a long history.
He was one of the greatest scientists.
3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay
(1) cost表示花錢(qián),花費(fèi),付出(只能用于錢(qián)、精力、生命等;主語(yǔ)必須是物。)
The book cost me five yuan.
(2) take的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式, 通常用it做形式主語(yǔ)。
It took me five yuan to buy the book...
(3) spend,在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)句中主語(yǔ)是人
I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book.
(4) pay的主語(yǔ)是人。
I paid five yuan for the book.
4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low
這四個(gè)詞在談?wù)摰絻r(jià)格的高低時(shí),要注意使用。expensive與high涉及到價(jià)格高,而cheap 與low涉及到價(jià)格低。
(1) expensive昂貴的,花錢(qián)多的。這個(gè)單詞若談到價(jià)格高,貨貴時(shí),其主語(yǔ)不能是價(jià)格,必須是貨物、物品本身。如:
This watch is expensive. 這只表很貴。
These glass-products are not expensive. 這些玻璃制品不是很值錢(qián)。
注意:cheap表示價(jià)廉,便宜的,其主語(yǔ)也不能是價(jià)格,必須是物品本身。如:
The cheap table was bought from him. 這張便宜的桌子是他賣給我們的。
This cloth doll is very cheap. 這只布娃娃很便宜。
(2)high在表示價(jià)格時(shí),含義是高,low在表示價(jià)格時(shí),含義是低,這兩個(gè)詞不能用于物品本身,只能用在價(jià)格上。如:
The price of this watch is very high. 這只表的價(jià)格太高了。
The price of this book is not low for me. 這本書(shū)的價(jià)格對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是不低。
下面我們?cè)嚳磶讉€(gè)句子的正誤對(duì)照:
The price of this computer is expensive.
(宜改為:This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )
The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.
(宜改為:This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )
5. alone/ lonely
lonely 與alone的意思比較接近,但在使用時(shí)有所區(qū)別:
(1)lonely用作形容詞,意思是孤單的;寂寞的。可指心靈上的寂寞,也可指偏僻的地點(diǎn)。在句中既可作表語(yǔ),也可作定語(yǔ)。
(2)alone 可作形容詞和副詞,意思是單獨(dú);獨(dú)自,不指心理上寂寞的感覺(jué)。
She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.
她被帶到一個(gè)荒島上,自己居住,但她從不感到寂寞。
6. before long/ long before
(1)before long 作不久以后講,切不要按字面譯為長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以前或好久以前。如:
We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我們希望不久(以后)就把實(shí)驗(yàn)做完。
(2)long before 作很久以前講。原意為以前很久,故也可譯為老早。long before 跟before long
不同,前者在其后面可以接名詞或一個(gè)從句;當(dāng)上下文明確時(shí),名詞或從句還可以省略。Before long 則沒(méi)有上述搭配用法。
They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.
我們昨天開(kāi)始做實(shí)驗(yàn),但我們?cè)谀且郧昂芫镁鸵呀?jīng)做準(zhǔn)備了。
7. as/ when/ while
(1)as 是連詞,意思是當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候,一面一面,(強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí),一般連續(xù)時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)),如:
As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.
正當(dāng)我們談?wù)撎┨鼓峥颂?hào)這部電影時(shí),教師進(jìn)來(lái)了。
The students sing as they go along. 學(xué)生們邊走邊唱。
(2)When和as一樣都是連詞,注意它們的不同。如when當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候(一般表示動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生);那時(shí)(等立連詞,前有逗號(hào)分開(kāi))
I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太陽(yáng)下山,那時(shí)天開(kāi)始下雨了。
(3)while是當(dāng)時(shí)候;和同時(shí)(強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生,一般連續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng))
While I was watching TV, he was reading. 當(dāng)我在看電視的時(shí)候,他正在看書(shū)。
While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。
8. beat/win/ hit
(1)beat 是動(dòng)詞,意思是連續(xù)地打; 打敗; 敲打。beat后可接人或隊(duì)名。意思是擊敗對(duì)手。如:
I can beat you at swimming.
(2)win意思是贏得某個(gè)項(xiàng)目,后面常接match, game。如:
He won a game. 他勝一局。
We won a match. 我們比賽得勝。
(3)hit意思是擊中(有時(shí)可表示打一下)。如:
The mother hit her child out of anger. 媽媽生氣,打了她孩子一下。
9. keep doing/keep on doing
(1)keep doing側(cè)重表示持續(xù)不停地做某事或持續(xù)某種狀態(tài)。如:
The girl kept crying all the time. 那個(gè)女孩一直在哭。
The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 這個(gè)嬰兒連續(xù)睡了大約四個(gè)小時(shí)。
(2)keep on doing 表示總不斷做某事,不表示靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)。不能與sitting, sleeping, lying, standing這類詞連用。如:
It kept on raining for seven days.
Dont keep on asking such silly questions.
10. get/ turn/ become
這三個(gè)詞都可作系動(dòng)詞用,表示狀態(tài)的變化,后跟表語(yǔ),但三個(gè)詞的用法稍有不同。get強(qiáng)調(diào)情感、氣候和環(huán)境的變化;turn強(qiáng)調(diào)色彩的變化;而become則強(qiáng)調(diào)職務(wù)、職稱等的變化。如:
The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter.冬天的白天越來(lái)越短。
She couldnt answer the question and her face turned red.她回答不出問(wèn)題,臉紅了。
When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么時(shí)候當(dāng)?shù)睦蠋?十年前。
1. think/ think/about/ think of
(1) think 單獨(dú)使用時(shí)表示思考, 接that 賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意為認(rèn)為,覺(jué)得。
I am thinking how to work out the problem.
I think she is a good student.
當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句含有否定概念時(shí),通常形式上否定think ,但意義上卻是否定賓語(yǔ)從句。
I dont think he can come.
I dont think it will be windy.
(2)think about 可接一個(gè)名詞,動(dòng)詞-ing 形式或由疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的不定式或賓語(yǔ)從句,意思是考慮。
I have thought about it for a long time.
Please think about how to tell her the bad news.
(3)think of 表示認(rèn)為, 一般用于疑問(wèn)句中,與what 連用。
What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like the TV play?
2. big/ large/ great
上述形容詞都表示大,但側(cè)重點(diǎn)及程度不同。
(1) big指具體事物的大小,強(qiáng)調(diào)比正常形體的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大,既可用在普通場(chǎng)合,也可用在正式場(chǎng)合。它可用來(lái)指人的身材高大或長(zhǎng)大了,還可表示偉大,重要之意。如:
Can you lift up this big stone?
On the last day I made a big decision.
(2) large特別強(qiáng)調(diào)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的大,指體積、面積、容積、數(shù)量之大。如:
A whale is a large animal.
A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.
(3) great除了表示數(shù)量體積之大外,又指抽象的程度,意味著偉大性,重要性,優(yōu)越性;常用于抽象
或無(wú)形的東西;用于有形的東西時(shí),常帶有偉大,大得令人吃驚等意思,含有一定的感情色彩。如:
China is a great country with a long history.
He was one of the greatest scientists.
3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay
(1) cost表示花錢(qián),花費(fèi),付出(只能用于錢(qián)、精力、生命等;主語(yǔ)必須是物。)
The book cost me five yuan.
(2) take的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式, 通常用it做形式主語(yǔ)。
It took me five yuan to buy the book...
(3) spend,在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)句中主語(yǔ)是人
I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book.
(4) pay的主語(yǔ)是人。
I paid five yuan for the book.
4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low
這四個(gè)詞在談?wù)摰絻r(jià)格的高低時(shí),要注意使用。expensive與high涉及到價(jià)格高,而cheap 與low涉及到價(jià)格低。
(1) expensive昂貴的,花錢(qián)多的。這個(gè)單詞若談到價(jià)格高,貨貴時(shí),其主語(yǔ)不能是價(jià)格,必須是貨物、物品本身。如:
This watch is expensive. 這只表很貴。
These glass-products are not expensive. 這些玻璃制品不是很值錢(qián)。
注意:cheap表示價(jià)廉,便宜的,其主語(yǔ)也不能是價(jià)格,必須是物品本身。如:
The cheap table was bought from him. 這張便宜的桌子是他賣給我們的。
This cloth doll is very cheap. 這只布娃娃很便宜。
(2)high在表示價(jià)格時(shí),含義是高,low在表示價(jià)格時(shí),含義是低,這兩個(gè)詞不能用于物品本身,只能用在價(jià)格上。如:
The price of this watch is very high. 這只表的價(jià)格太高了。
The price of this book is not low for me. 這本書(shū)的價(jià)格對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是不低。
下面我們?cè)嚳磶讉€(gè)句子的正誤對(duì)照:
The price of this computer is expensive.
(宜改為:This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )
The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.
(宜改為:This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )
5. alone/ lonely
lonely 與alone的意思比較接近,但在使用時(shí)有所區(qū)別:
(1)lonely用作形容詞,意思是孤單的;寂寞的。可指心靈上的寂寞,也可指偏僻的地點(diǎn)。在句中既可作表語(yǔ),也可作定語(yǔ)。
(2)alone 可作形容詞和副詞,意思是單獨(dú);獨(dú)自,不指心理上寂寞的感覺(jué)。
She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.
她被帶到一個(gè)荒島上,自己居住,但她從不感到寂寞。
6. before long/ long before
(1)before long 作不久以后講,切不要按字面譯為長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以前或好久以前。如:
We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我們希望不久(以后)就把實(shí)驗(yàn)做完。
(2)long before 作很久以前講。原意為以前很久,故也可譯為老早。long before 跟before long
不同,前者在其后面可以接名詞或一個(gè)從句;當(dāng)上下文明確時(shí),名詞或從句還可以省略。Before long 則沒(méi)有上述搭配用法。
They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.
我們昨天開(kāi)始做實(shí)驗(yàn),但我們?cè)谀且郧昂芫镁鸵呀?jīng)做準(zhǔn)備了。
7. as/ when/ while
(1)as 是連詞,意思是當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候,一面一面,(強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí),一般連續(xù)時(shí)間不長(zhǎng)),如:
As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.
正當(dāng)我們談?wù)撎┨鼓峥颂?hào)這部電影時(shí),教師進(jìn)來(lái)了。
The students sing as they go along. 學(xué)生們邊走邊唱。
(2)When和as一樣都是連詞,注意它們的不同。如when當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候(一般表示動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生);那時(shí)(等立連詞,前有逗號(hào)分開(kāi))
I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太陽(yáng)下山,那時(shí)天開(kāi)始下雨了。
(3)while是當(dāng)時(shí)候;和同時(shí)(強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生,一般連續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng))
While I was watching TV, he was reading. 當(dāng)我在看電視的時(shí)候,他正在看書(shū)。
While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。
8. beat/win/ hit
(1)beat 是動(dòng)詞,意思是連續(xù)地打; 打敗; 敲打。beat后可接人或隊(duì)名。意思是擊敗對(duì)手。如:
I can beat you at swimming.
(2)win意思是贏得某個(gè)項(xiàng)目,后面常接match, game。如:
He won a game. 他勝一局。
We won a match. 我們比賽得勝。
(3)hit意思是擊中(有時(shí)可表示打一下)。如:
The mother hit her child out of anger. 媽媽生氣,打了她孩子一下。
9. keep doing/keep on doing
(1)keep doing側(cè)重表示持續(xù)不停地做某事或持續(xù)某種狀態(tài)。如:
The girl kept crying all the time. 那個(gè)女孩一直在哭。
The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 這個(gè)嬰兒連續(xù)睡了大約四個(gè)小時(shí)。
(2)keep on doing 表示總不斷做某事,不表示靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)。不能與sitting, sleeping, lying, standing這類詞連用。如:
It kept on raining for seven days.
Dont keep on asking such silly questions.
10. get/ turn/ become
這三個(gè)詞都可作系動(dòng)詞用,表示狀態(tài)的變化,后跟表語(yǔ),但三個(gè)詞的用法稍有不同。get強(qiáng)調(diào)情感、氣候和環(huán)境的變化;turn強(qiáng)調(diào)色彩的變化;而become則強(qiáng)調(diào)職務(wù)、職稱等的變化。如:
The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter.冬天的白天越來(lái)越短。
She couldnt answer the question and her face turned red.她回答不出問(wèn)題,臉紅了。
When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么時(shí)候當(dāng)?shù)睦蠋?十年前。